Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is linked to various dis-eases.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the Polymyxin B Sensitivity 2(Pbs2)protein is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(M...Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is linked to various dis-eases.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the Polymyxin B Sensitivity 2(Pbs2)protein is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family and plays a role in mitophagy.To explore the potential role of Pbs2 in macroautophagy,we engineered wild-type and PBS2-deficient cells using plasmid construction and yeast transforma-tion techniques,followed by a series of autophagy assays.First,after nitrogen star-vation,the levels of autophagic activity were evaluated with the classical GFP-Atg8 cleavage assay and the Pho8Δ60 activity assay at different time points.Deleting PBS2 significantly decreased both GFP-Atg8 protein cleavage and Pho8Δ60 activity,indicat-ing that Pbs2 is essential for macroautophagy.Furthermore,the influence of Pbs2 on macroautophagy was shown to be independent of Hog1,a well-known downstream factor of Pbs2.Second,the Atg8 lipidation assay demonstrated that Atg8 lipidation levels increased upon PBS2 deletion,suggesting that Pbs2 acts after Atg8 lipidation.Third,the proteinase K protection assay indicated that the loss of PBS2 led to a higher proportion of closed autophagosomes,implying that Pbs2 impacts the later stages of macroautophagy following autophagosome closure.In conclusion,Pbs2 regulates the late stages of macroautophagy induced by nitrogen starvation.展开更多
The requirement for precise detection and recognition of target pedestrians in unprocessed real-world imagery drives the formulation of person search as an integrated technological framework that unifies pedestrian de...The requirement for precise detection and recognition of target pedestrians in unprocessed real-world imagery drives the formulation of person search as an integrated technological framework that unifies pedestrian detection and person re-identification(Re-ID).However,the inherent discrepancy between the optimization objectives of coarse-grained localization in pedestrian detection and fine-grained discriminative learning in Re-ID,combined with the substantial performance degradation of Re-ID during joint training caused by the Faster R-CNN-based branch,collectively constitutes a critical bottleneck for person search.In this work,we propose a cascaded person searchmodel(SeqXt)based on SeqNet and ConvNeXt that adopts a sequential end-to-end network as its core architecture,artfully integrates the design logic of the two-stepmethod and one-step method framework,and concurrently incorporates the two-step method’s advantage in efficient subtask handling while preserving the one-step method’s efficiency in end-toend training.Firstly,we utilize ConvNeXt-Base as the feature extraction module,which incorporates part of the design concept of Transformer,enhances the consideration of global context information,and boosts feature discrimination through an implicit self-attention mechanism.Secondly,we introduce prototype-guided normalization for calibrating the feature distribution,which leverages the archetype features of individual identities to calibrate the feature distribution and thereby prevents features from being overly inclined towards frequently occurring IDs,notably improving the intra-class compactness and inter-class separability of person identities.Finally,we put forward an innovative loss function named the Dynamic Online Instance Matching Loss Function(DOIM),which employs the hard sample assistantmethod to adaptively update the lookup table(LUT)and the circular queue(CQ)and aims to further enhance the distinctiveness of features between classes.Experimental results on the public datasets CUHK-SYSU and PRWand the private dataset UESTC-PS show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results.展开更多
Objectives:The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)G12D oncogenic mutation poses a significant challenge in treating solid tumors due to the lack of specific and effective therapeutic interventions.This study aims to explore...Objectives:The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)G12D oncogenic mutation poses a significant challenge in treating solid tumors due to the lack of specific and effective therapeutic interventions.This study aims to explore innovative approaches in T cell receptor(TCR)engineering and characterization to target the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation,providing potential strategies for overcoming this therapeutic challenge.Methods:In this innovative study,we engineered and characterized two T cell receptors(TCRs),KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 with high affinity for the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation.These TCRs were isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)derived from tumor tissues of patients with the KRAS G12D mutation.We assessed their specificity and anti-tumor activity in vitro using various cancer cell lines.Results:KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 demonstrated exceptional specificity for the HLA-A*11:01-restricted KRAS G12D7-16 epitope,significantly inducing IFN-γrelease and eliminating tumor cells without cross-reactivity or alloreactivity.Conclusions:The successful development of KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 introduces a novel and precise TCR-based therapeutic strategy against KRAS G12D mutation,showing potential for significant advancements in cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Accumulating data have revealed that abnormal activity of the mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin)pathway plays an important role in epileptogenesis triggered by various factors. We previously reported that pretreatmen...Accumulating data have revealed that abnormal activity of the mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin)pathway plays an important role in epileptogenesis triggered by various factors. We previously reported that pretreatment with perifosine, an inhibitor of Akt(also called protein kinase B), abolishes the rapamycin-induced paradoxical increase of S6 phosphorylation in a rat model induced by kainic acid(KA). Since Akt is an upstream target in the mTOR signaling pathway, we set out to determine whether perifosine has a preventive effect on epileptogenesis. Here, we explored the effect of perifosine on the model of temporal epilepsy induced by KA in rats and found that pretreatment with perifosine had no effect on the severity or duration of the KA-induced status epilepticus. However, perifosine almost completely inhibited the activation of p-Akt and p-S6 both acutely and chronically following the KA-induced status epilepticus.Perifosine pretreatment suppressed the KA-induced neuronal death and mossy fiber sprouting. The frequency of spontaneous seizures was markedly decreased in rats pretreated with perifosine. Accordingly, rats pretreated with perifosine showed mild impairment in cognitive functions. Collectively, this study provides novel evidence in a KA seizure model that perifosine may be a potential drug for use in anti-epileptogenic therapy.展开更多
This study reviewed clinical evidence of probiotics-mediated effects on constipation.Four databases were used in the literature searches,namely Cochrane Library,Embase,Pubmed,and Web of Science.The last retrieval time...This study reviewed clinical evidence of probiotics-mediated effects on constipation.Four databases were used in the literature searches,namely Cochrane Library,Embase,Pubmed,and Web of Science.The last retrieval time was March 2021.Collected data were analyzed by Review Manager(version 5.3)and Stata(version 14).The primary search retrieved 8418 articles after removing duplicates.Eventually,26 studies were included in the meta-analysis.Administration of probiotics signifi cantly increased stool frequency(MD:1.15 times/week;95%CI:0.59 to 1.70;P<0.0001),improved bloating(MD:-0.48;95%CI:-0.89 to-0.07;P=0.02),reduced abdominal pain(MD:-0.71;95%CI:-1.25 to-0.16;P=0.01),and improved quality of life(MD:-0.73;95%CI:-1.37 to-0.10;P=0.02).However,the clinical effect of intake of probiotics on stool consistency was non-signifi cant(MD:0.07;95%CI:-0.34 to 0.48;P=0.73).Based on our analysis,probiotic supplements were effective in relieving constipation through symptom improvement.The effectiveness of dosage forms of intervention ranked:capsules>others(tablets,powder)>fermented milk.展开更多
Full conversion of glucose and xylose from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is required for obtaining a high ethanol yield.However,glucose and xylose share flux in the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)and glycolysis pathway(...Full conversion of glucose and xylose from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is required for obtaining a high ethanol yield.However,glucose and xylose share flux in the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)and glycolysis pathway(EMP),with glucose having a competitive advantage in the shared metabolic pathways.In this work,we knocked down ZWF1 to preclude glucose from entering the PPP.This reduced the[NADPH]level and disturbed growth on both glucose or xylose,confirming that the oxidative PPP,which begins with Zwf1p and ultimately leads to CO_(2) production,is the primary source of NADPH in both glucose and xylose.Upon glucose depletion,gluconeogenesis is necessary to generate glucose-6-phosphate,the substrate of Zwf1p.We re-established the NADPH regeneration pathway by replacing the endogenous NAD^(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)gene TDH3 with heterogenous NADP^(+)-GAPDH genes GDH,gapB,and GDP1.Among the resulting strains,the strain BZP1(zwf1Δ,tdh3::GDP1)exhibited a similar xylose consumption rate before glucose depletion,but a 1.6-fold increased xylose consumption rate following glucose depletion compared to the original strain BSGX001,and the ethanol yield for total consumed sugars of BZP1 was 13.5%higher than BSGX001.This suggested that using the EMP instead of PPP to generate NADPH reduces the wasteful metabolic cycle and excess CO_(2)^(++) release from oxidative PPP.Furthermore,we used a copper-repressing promoter to modulate the expression of ZWF1 and optimize the timing of turning off the ZWF1,therefore,to determine the competitive equilibrium between glucose-xylose co-metabolism.This strategy allowed fast growth in the early stage of fermentation and low waste in the following stages of fermentation.展开更多
The use of non-food lignocellulosic biomass to produce ethanol fits into the strategy of a global circular economy with low dependence on fossil energy resources.Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in lignocellul...The use of non-food lignocellulosic biomass to produce ethanol fits into the strategy of a global circular economy with low dependence on fossil energy resources.Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic hydrolysate,and its utilization in fermentation is a key issue in making the full use of raw plant materials for ethanol production and reduce production costs.Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best ethanol producer but the organism is not a native xylose user.In recent years,great efforts have been made in the construction of xy-lose utilizing S.cerevisiae strains by metabolic and evolutionary engineering approaches.In addition,managing global transcriptional regulation works provides an effective means to increase the xylose utilization capacity of recombinant strains.Here we review the common strategies and research advances in the research field in order to facilitate the researches in xylose metabolism and xylose-based fermentation.展开更多
As a mass transport media,water is an alternative of organic solvent applied in rechargeable batteries,due to its unique properties,including fast ionic migration,easy-processibility,economic/environmental friendlines...As a mass transport media,water is an alternative of organic solvent applied in rechargeable batteries,due to its unique properties,including fast ionic migration,easy-processibility,economic/environmental friendliness,and flame retardancy.However,due to the high activity of water molecules in aqueous electrolytes,the corrosion of metal anode,side reactions,and inferior metal electrodeposition behavior leads to unstable cycling performance,poor Coulombic efficiency(CE),and early-staged failure of batteries.Despite several attempts to regulate the activity of water,migration of ions is sacrificed,due to the limited methods to control the water states.Herein,we developed a subnanoscale confinement strategy based on a nacre-like structure to modulate the activity of water in the solid electrolytes.By tuning the ratio between the two-dimensional(2D)vermiculite and one-dimensional(1D)cellulose nanofibers(CNFs),the capillary size in the 1D/2D structure is altered to achieve a fast Zn^(2+)transport.Our dielectric relaxation and molecular dynamics studies indicate that the enhanced Zn^(2+)conductivity is attributed to the fast water relaxation in the precisely defined 1D/2D capillary.Taking advantage of the regulated activity of the confined water in 2D capillary,the composite vermiculite membrane can suppress the corrosion and side reactions between Zn electrode and water molecular,endowing a reversible Zn^(2+)stripping/plating behavior and a stable cycling performance for 900 h.Based on our confinement strategy to control the water states by 1D/2D structures,this work will open an avenue toward aqueous energy storage devices with excellent reversibility,high safety,and long-term stability.展开更多
Probes for in vivo imaging of hypochlorous acid(HOCl),one of the most important reactive oxygen species in innate immunity,are urgently needed to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorde...Probes for in vivo imaging of hypochlorous acid(HOCl),one of the most important reactive oxygen species in innate immunity,are urgently needed to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders.As a strong oxidant,HOCl could bleach near-infrared sensors and inactivate luciferase readily,making in vivo imaging overwhelmingly challenging.Via fine-tuning of a selective HOCl sensing moiety,HOCl stable spacer,and bright chemiluminescent scaffold,we have developed HOCl-CL-510 as a highly selective and sensitive probe for HOCl detection both in vitro and in vivo.In particular,we achieved recurring real-time monitoring of HOCl in both acute and chronic inflammation models in living mice,providing a new chemical tool for dynamic monitoring of disease development with reduced usage of experimental animals.展开更多
Objective:This observational study deciphered the dynamic remodeling of gastrointestinal functional homeostasis during Daoist fasting(Bigu)through convergent analysis of physiometric biomarkers and psychosomatic perce...Objective:This observational study deciphered the dynamic remodeling of gastrointestinal functional homeostasis during Daoist fasting(Bigu)through convergent analysis of physiometric biomarkers and psychosomatic perception profiles,thereby unmasking the neuro-endocrine-immune regulatory mechanisms underlying the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)doctrine of“Yang hyperactivity conjoined with Yin hypoactivity.”Methods:This is an observational study with 36 subjects involved from March 15 to 22,2020.The data from 3 tests before,during,and after the fasting were analyzed.Body composition,such as body weight and bone mass,physiological indexes,such as blood pressure,pulse beat,oxygen saturation,and blood perfusion,and subjective sensation,such as quality of sleep,energy evaluation,and fatigue,were analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in body weight,body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,basal metabolic rate,bone mass,and visceral fat index(P<0.01)before,during,and after fasting.Blood oxygen saturation,blood perfusion,and body water content before,during,and after fasting were not statistically significant.Conclusions:Combined with literature research and modern physiological testing instruments,this paper explains the traditional Chinese medicine theory of“excess in Yang and deficiency in Yin”from a new aspect.That is,when the contents of the gastrointestinal tract are full,the overall state of the body is in the hyperactive“Yangming”state characterized by full energy and absence of fatigue.When the gastrointestinal tract contents are near empty,the overall state of the body is in the weak“Taiyin”condition,characterized by lack of energy and fatigue.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:31970044 and 32370805。
文摘Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is linked to various dis-eases.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the Polymyxin B Sensitivity 2(Pbs2)protein is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family and plays a role in mitophagy.To explore the potential role of Pbs2 in macroautophagy,we engineered wild-type and PBS2-deficient cells using plasmid construction and yeast transforma-tion techniques,followed by a series of autophagy assays.First,after nitrogen star-vation,the levels of autophagic activity were evaluated with the classical GFP-Atg8 cleavage assay and the Pho8Δ60 activity assay at different time points.Deleting PBS2 significantly decreased both GFP-Atg8 protein cleavage and Pho8Δ60 activity,indicat-ing that Pbs2 is essential for macroautophagy.Furthermore,the influence of Pbs2 on macroautophagy was shown to be independent of Hog1,a well-known downstream factor of Pbs2.Second,the Atg8 lipidation assay demonstrated that Atg8 lipidation levels increased upon PBS2 deletion,suggesting that Pbs2 acts after Atg8 lipidation.Third,the proteinase K protection assay indicated that the loss of PBS2 led to a higher proportion of closed autophagosomes,implying that Pbs2 impacts the later stages of macroautophagy following autophagosome closure.In conclusion,Pbs2 regulates the late stages of macroautophagy induced by nitrogen starvation.
基金supported by the major science and technology special projects of Xinjiang(No.2024B03041)the scientific and technological projects of Kashgar(No.KS2024024).
文摘The requirement for precise detection and recognition of target pedestrians in unprocessed real-world imagery drives the formulation of person search as an integrated technological framework that unifies pedestrian detection and person re-identification(Re-ID).However,the inherent discrepancy between the optimization objectives of coarse-grained localization in pedestrian detection and fine-grained discriminative learning in Re-ID,combined with the substantial performance degradation of Re-ID during joint training caused by the Faster R-CNN-based branch,collectively constitutes a critical bottleneck for person search.In this work,we propose a cascaded person searchmodel(SeqXt)based on SeqNet and ConvNeXt that adopts a sequential end-to-end network as its core architecture,artfully integrates the design logic of the two-stepmethod and one-step method framework,and concurrently incorporates the two-step method’s advantage in efficient subtask handling while preserving the one-step method’s efficiency in end-toend training.Firstly,we utilize ConvNeXt-Base as the feature extraction module,which incorporates part of the design concept of Transformer,enhances the consideration of global context information,and boosts feature discrimination through an implicit self-attention mechanism.Secondly,we introduce prototype-guided normalization for calibrating the feature distribution,which leverages the archetype features of individual identities to calibrate the feature distribution and thereby prevents features from being overly inclined towards frequently occurring IDs,notably improving the intra-class compactness and inter-class separability of person identities.Finally,we put forward an innovative loss function named the Dynamic Online Instance Matching Loss Function(DOIM),which employs the hard sample assistantmethod to adaptively update the lookup table(LUT)and the circular queue(CQ)and aims to further enhance the distinctiveness of features between classes.Experimental results on the public datasets CUHK-SYSU and PRWand the private dataset UESTC-PS show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results.
基金funded by the key R&D Project of Hubei Province(Social Development),China(2022BCA018)the Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation(Ministry of Education&Hubei Province),China(2022KF16)to Kanghong Hu.
文摘Objectives:The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)G12D oncogenic mutation poses a significant challenge in treating solid tumors due to the lack of specific and effective therapeutic interventions.This study aims to explore innovative approaches in T cell receptor(TCR)engineering and characterization to target the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation,providing potential strategies for overcoming this therapeutic challenge.Methods:In this innovative study,we engineered and characterized two T cell receptors(TCRs),KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 with high affinity for the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation.These TCRs were isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)derived from tumor tissues of patients with the KRAS G12D mutation.We assessed their specificity and anti-tumor activity in vitro using various cancer cell lines.Results:KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 demonstrated exceptional specificity for the HLA-A*11:01-restricted KRAS G12D7-16 epitope,significantly inducing IFN-γrelease and eliminating tumor cells without cross-reactivity or alloreactivity.Conclusions:The successful development of KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 introduces a novel and precise TCR-based therapeutic strategy against KRAS G12D mutation,showing potential for significant advancements in cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371429)the Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project of Zhejiang Province,China(2016C33211)the Science and Technology Commission of Hangzhou Municipality,Zhejiang Province,China(20140633B37and 20160533B73)
文摘Accumulating data have revealed that abnormal activity of the mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin)pathway plays an important role in epileptogenesis triggered by various factors. We previously reported that pretreatment with perifosine, an inhibitor of Akt(also called protein kinase B), abolishes the rapamycin-induced paradoxical increase of S6 phosphorylation in a rat model induced by kainic acid(KA). Since Akt is an upstream target in the mTOR signaling pathway, we set out to determine whether perifosine has a preventive effect on epileptogenesis. Here, we explored the effect of perifosine on the model of temporal epilepsy induced by KA in rats and found that pretreatment with perifosine had no effect on the severity or duration of the KA-induced status epilepticus. However, perifosine almost completely inhibited the activation of p-Akt and p-S6 both acutely and chronically following the KA-induced status epilepticus.Perifosine pretreatment suppressed the KA-induced neuronal death and mossy fiber sprouting. The frequency of spontaneous seizures was markedly decreased in rats pretreated with perifosine. Accordingly, rats pretreated with perifosine showed mild impairment in cognitive functions. Collectively, this study provides novel evidence in a KA seizure model that perifosine may be a potential drug for use in anti-epileptogenic therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31922071)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2021ZD08)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(BR220301).
文摘This study reviewed clinical evidence of probiotics-mediated effects on constipation.Four databases were used in the literature searches,namely Cochrane Library,Embase,Pubmed,and Web of Science.The last retrieval time was March 2021.Collected data were analyzed by Review Manager(version 5.3)and Stata(version 14).The primary search retrieved 8418 articles after removing duplicates.Eventually,26 studies were included in the meta-analysis.Administration of probiotics signifi cantly increased stool frequency(MD:1.15 times/week;95%CI:0.59 to 1.70;P<0.0001),improved bloating(MD:-0.48;95%CI:-0.89 to-0.07;P=0.02),reduced abdominal pain(MD:-0.71;95%CI:-1.25 to-0.16;P=0.01),and improved quality of life(MD:-0.73;95%CI:-1.37 to-0.10;P=0.02).However,the clinical effect of intake of probiotics on stool consistency was non-signifi cant(MD:0.07;95%CI:-0.34 to 0.48;P=0.73).Based on our analysis,probiotic supplements were effective in relieving constipation through symptom improvement.The effectiveness of dosage forms of intervention ranked:capsules>others(tablets,powder)>fermented milk.
文摘氢作为重要的新质能源载体,是未来可持续能源体系的重要组成部分,将助推化石能源转型和能源领域碳减排.电解水制氢作为一种绿色环保的氢气制取方式备受瞩目[1].相比于其他电解制氢技术,氢氧根离子交换膜电解水(hydroxid exchange membrane water electrolysis,HEMWE)技术在非贵金属催化剂、碱性体系兼容性及成本控制方面具有显著优势,有望成为绿氢制取的变革性技术.而在HEMWE中,氢氧根离子交换膜是核心组件,需要具有高氢氧根离子(OH-)传质速率、电子绝缘、氢气和氧气隔绝等特性,从而促进电解水制氢的效率和长效稳定性[2].
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170039).
文摘Full conversion of glucose and xylose from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is required for obtaining a high ethanol yield.However,glucose and xylose share flux in the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)and glycolysis pathway(EMP),with glucose having a competitive advantage in the shared metabolic pathways.In this work,we knocked down ZWF1 to preclude glucose from entering the PPP.This reduced the[NADPH]level and disturbed growth on both glucose or xylose,confirming that the oxidative PPP,which begins with Zwf1p and ultimately leads to CO_(2) production,is the primary source of NADPH in both glucose and xylose.Upon glucose depletion,gluconeogenesis is necessary to generate glucose-6-phosphate,the substrate of Zwf1p.We re-established the NADPH regeneration pathway by replacing the endogenous NAD^(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)gene TDH3 with heterogenous NADP^(+)-GAPDH genes GDH,gapB,and GDP1.Among the resulting strains,the strain BZP1(zwf1Δ,tdh3::GDP1)exhibited a similar xylose consumption rate before glucose depletion,but a 1.6-fold increased xylose consumption rate following glucose depletion compared to the original strain BSGX001,and the ethanol yield for total consumed sugars of BZP1 was 13.5%higher than BSGX001.This suggested that using the EMP instead of PPP to generate NADPH reduces the wasteful metabolic cycle and excess CO_(2)^(++) release from oxidative PPP.Furthermore,we used a copper-repressing promoter to modulate the expression of ZWF1 and optimize the timing of turning off the ZWF1,therefore,to determine the competitive equilibrium between glucose-xylose co-metabolism.This strategy allowed fast growth in the early stage of fermentation and low waste in the following stages of fermentation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(2021YFC2101303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170039).
文摘The use of non-food lignocellulosic biomass to produce ethanol fits into the strategy of a global circular economy with low dependence on fossil energy resources.Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic hydrolysate,and its utilization in fermentation is a key issue in making the full use of raw plant materials for ethanol production and reduce production costs.Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best ethanol producer but the organism is not a native xylose user.In recent years,great efforts have been made in the construction of xy-lose utilizing S.cerevisiae strains by metabolic and evolutionary engineering approaches.In addition,managing global transcriptional regulation works provides an effective means to increase the xylose utilization capacity of recombinant strains.Here we review the common strategies and research advances in the research field in order to facilitate the researches in xylose metabolism and xylose-based fermentation.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFB3802500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21972105 and 22278302)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations,and 1000-Talent Program for Young Scientists.
文摘As a mass transport media,water is an alternative of organic solvent applied in rechargeable batteries,due to its unique properties,including fast ionic migration,easy-processibility,economic/environmental friendliness,and flame retardancy.However,due to the high activity of water molecules in aqueous electrolytes,the corrosion of metal anode,side reactions,and inferior metal electrodeposition behavior leads to unstable cycling performance,poor Coulombic efficiency(CE),and early-staged failure of batteries.Despite several attempts to regulate the activity of water,migration of ions is sacrificed,due to the limited methods to control the water states.Herein,we developed a subnanoscale confinement strategy based on a nacre-like structure to modulate the activity of water in the solid electrolytes.By tuning the ratio between the two-dimensional(2D)vermiculite and one-dimensional(1D)cellulose nanofibers(CNFs),the capillary size in the 1D/2D structure is altered to achieve a fast Zn^(2+)transport.Our dielectric relaxation and molecular dynamics studies indicate that the enhanced Zn^(2+)conductivity is attributed to the fast water relaxation in the precisely defined 1D/2D capillary.Taking advantage of the regulated activity of the confined water in 2D capillary,the composite vermiculite membrane can suppress the corrosion and side reactions between Zn electrode and water molecular,endowing a reversible Zn^(2+)stripping/plating behavior and a stable cycling performance for 900 h.Based on our confinement strategy to control the water states by 1D/2D structures,this work will open an avenue toward aqueous energy storage devices with excellent reversibility,high safety,and long-term stability.
基金supported by The University of Hong Kong,Morningside Foundation,Hong Kong Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme(grant no.AoE/P-705/16 to D.Y.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21961142011 to D.Y.)the Israel Science Foundation-China Joint Funding Program.
文摘Probes for in vivo imaging of hypochlorous acid(HOCl),one of the most important reactive oxygen species in innate immunity,are urgently needed to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders.As a strong oxidant,HOCl could bleach near-infrared sensors and inactivate luciferase readily,making in vivo imaging overwhelmingly challenging.Via fine-tuning of a selective HOCl sensing moiety,HOCl stable spacer,and bright chemiluminescent scaffold,we have developed HOCl-CL-510 as a highly selective and sensitive probe for HOCl detection both in vitro and in vivo.In particular,we achieved recurring real-time monitoring of HOCl in both acute and chronic inflammation models in living mice,providing a new chemical tool for dynamic monitoring of disease development with reduced usage of experimental animals.
基金Central Level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institution Basic Scientific Research Business Expense Personal Project(YZX-202345):Objectified study of the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis by Fuyang pulse Doppler flow imagingCentral Level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institution Basic Scientific Research Business Expense Personal Project(ZZ18-XRZ-072):A Study on the Theoretical System of Traditional Chinese Medicine’s Diagnosis and Treatment Under the Time Philosophy of Four Seasons and Yin-Yang in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties。
文摘Objective:This observational study deciphered the dynamic remodeling of gastrointestinal functional homeostasis during Daoist fasting(Bigu)through convergent analysis of physiometric biomarkers and psychosomatic perception profiles,thereby unmasking the neuro-endocrine-immune regulatory mechanisms underlying the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)doctrine of“Yang hyperactivity conjoined with Yin hypoactivity.”Methods:This is an observational study with 36 subjects involved from March 15 to 22,2020.The data from 3 tests before,during,and after the fasting were analyzed.Body composition,such as body weight and bone mass,physiological indexes,such as blood pressure,pulse beat,oxygen saturation,and blood perfusion,and subjective sensation,such as quality of sleep,energy evaluation,and fatigue,were analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in body weight,body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,basal metabolic rate,bone mass,and visceral fat index(P<0.01)before,during,and after fasting.Blood oxygen saturation,blood perfusion,and body water content before,during,and after fasting were not statistically significant.Conclusions:Combined with literature research and modern physiological testing instruments,this paper explains the traditional Chinese medicine theory of“excess in Yang and deficiency in Yin”from a new aspect.That is,when the contents of the gastrointestinal tract are full,the overall state of the body is in the hyperactive“Yangming”state characterized by full energy and absence of fatigue.When the gastrointestinal tract contents are near empty,the overall state of the body is in the weak“Taiyin”condition,characterized by lack of energy and fatigue.
