Radix Astragali has been an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over 2000 years. It is derived from two plant species, namely, Astragalus mongholicus [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholic...Radix Astragali has been an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over 2000 years. It is derived from two plant species, namely, Astragalus mongholicus [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao] and Astragalus membranaceus [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.] (Leguminosae ), according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. In this study, the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Radix Astragali in China were analyzed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 25 highly polymorphic ISSR primers were selected to amplify 95 Radix Astragali samples. Among 273 DNA bands amplified, 213 are polymorphic (percentage of polymorphic bands: 78%). The average value of the amplified bands was 10.9 for each primer, and the number varied from 4 to 20. The genetic diversity of the 95 Radix Astragali samples was analyzed by using POPGENE 1.32 software. The Nei’s genetic diversity index (h) and Shannon’s information index (I ) were 0.3590 and 0.5308, respectively, which indicated the abundant genetic diversity of Radix Astragali . The level of genetic diversity in A. membranaceus (h: 0.3109, I : 0.4657) was slightly lower than that in A. mongholicus (h: 0.3364, I : 0.4969). Considering the average genetic similarity coefficient by NTSYS analysis to cluster the A. membranaceus of nine habitats and A. mongholicus of five habitats, Radix Astragali samples were clustered into two groups according to place of origin. This clustering is different from traditional clustering, which divides groups according to species. Results obtained from this study will provide a theoretical basis for the molecular study on germplasm resources of Radix Astragali .展开更多
Cultural and material exchange between groups across the mountainous region separating the East Asian Steppe and the plains and river valleys of northern East Asia has been documented since the Paleolithic,yet the ext...Cultural and material exchange between groups across the mountainous region separating the East Asian Steppe and the plains and river valleys of northern East Asia has been documented since the Paleolithic,yet the extent to which these interactions reflect prehistoric population dynamics is unknown.By sequencing and analyzing 35 ancient genomes from the southeastern Mongolian Plateau,spanning from 8,800 to 5,000 years ago,we found that Early Holocene populations from the southeastern Mongolian Plateau shared a common ancestry.We show this ancestry,which was predominant in steppe populations before the Holocene and may have been associated with the post-Last Glacial Maximum(LGM)microblade dispersal,to have lasted on the southeastern Mongolian Plateau until between 7,500 and 5,700 years ago,during which time it contributed to the West Liao River basin populations associated with the Hongshan culture.The continuity of the Early Holocene southeastern Mongolian Plateau ancestry was later disrupted by genetic influxes from both the northeastern Mongolian Plateau and West Liao River Hongshan populations,coinciding with cultural diffusion between 5,700 and 5,000 years ago.These revealed complex genetic and cultural interactions along the Eastern Steppe in the period between the LGM and the Middle Holocene.展开更多
Dear Editor Recent palaeogenomic studies have significantly advanced our understanding of early human social structure and burial practices.Ancient DNA analyses have identified several matrilineal agricultural communi...Dear Editor Recent palaeogenomic studies have significantly advanced our understanding of early human social structure and burial practices.Ancient DNA analyses have identified several matrilineal agricultural communities including the Çatalhöyük site from Neolithic Anatolia 1 dated to∼9,000-7,900 calibrated years before present(BP)and the Fujia site from East Asia(∼4,700-4,450 BP).展开更多
文摘Radix Astragali has been an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over 2000 years. It is derived from two plant species, namely, Astragalus mongholicus [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao] and Astragalus membranaceus [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.] (Leguminosae ), according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. In this study, the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Radix Astragali in China were analyzed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 25 highly polymorphic ISSR primers were selected to amplify 95 Radix Astragali samples. Among 273 DNA bands amplified, 213 are polymorphic (percentage of polymorphic bands: 78%). The average value of the amplified bands was 10.9 for each primer, and the number varied from 4 to 20. The genetic diversity of the 95 Radix Astragali samples was analyzed by using POPGENE 1.32 software. The Nei’s genetic diversity index (h) and Shannon’s information index (I ) were 0.3590 and 0.5308, respectively, which indicated the abundant genetic diversity of Radix Astragali . The level of genetic diversity in A. membranaceus (h: 0.3109, I : 0.4657) was slightly lower than that in A. mongholicus (h: 0.3364, I : 0.4969). Considering the average genetic similarity coefficient by NTSYS analysis to cluster the A. membranaceus of nine habitats and A. mongholicus of five habitats, Radix Astragali samples were clustered into two groups according to place of origin. This clustering is different from traditional clustering, which divides groups according to species. Results obtained from this study will provide a theoretical basis for the molecular study on germplasm resources of Radix Astragali .
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0905700)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(YSBR-019).
文摘Cultural and material exchange between groups across the mountainous region separating the East Asian Steppe and the plains and river valleys of northern East Asia has been documented since the Paleolithic,yet the extent to which these interactions reflect prehistoric population dynamics is unknown.By sequencing and analyzing 35 ancient genomes from the southeastern Mongolian Plateau,spanning from 8,800 to 5,000 years ago,we found that Early Holocene populations from the southeastern Mongolian Plateau shared a common ancestry.We show this ancestry,which was predominant in steppe populations before the Holocene and may have been associated with the post-Last Glacial Maximum(LGM)microblade dispersal,to have lasted on the southeastern Mongolian Plateau until between 7,500 and 5,700 years ago,during which time it contributed to the West Liao River basin populations associated with the Hongshan culture.The continuity of the Early Holocene southeastern Mongolian Plateau ancestry was later disrupted by genetic influxes from both the northeastern Mongolian Plateau and West Liao River Hongshan populations,coinciding with cultural diffusion between 5,700 and 5,000 years ago.These revealed complex genetic and cultural interactions along the Eastern Steppe in the period between the LGM and the Middle Holocene.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0905700)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(YSBR-019).
文摘Dear Editor Recent palaeogenomic studies have significantly advanced our understanding of early human social structure and burial practices.Ancient DNA analyses have identified several matrilineal agricultural communities including the Çatalhöyük site from Neolithic Anatolia 1 dated to∼9,000-7,900 calibrated years before present(BP)and the Fujia site from East Asia(∼4,700-4,450 BP).
