The mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of hybrid grouper Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus tukula(♂),a new hybrid progeny,can provide valuable information for analyzing phylogeny and molecular evolution.In this stu...The mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of hybrid grouper Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus tukula(♂),a new hybrid progeny,can provide valuable information for analyzing phylogeny and molecular evolution.In this study,the mitogenome was analyzed using PCR amplification and sequenced,then the phylogenetic relationship of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)and 35 other species were constructed using Maximum Likelihood and NeighborJoining methods with the nucleotide sequences of 13 conserved protein-coding genes(PCGs).The complete mitogenome of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)was 16695 bp in length,which contained 13 PCGs,2 rRNA genes,22 tRNA genes,a replication origin and a control region.The composition and order of these genes were consistent with most other vertebrates.Of the 13 PCGs,12 PCGs were encoded on the heavy strand,and ND6 was encoded on the light strand.The mitogenome of the E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)had a higher AT nucleotide content,a positive AT-skew and a negative GC-skew.All protein initiation codons were ATG,except for COX and ND4(GTG),ATP6(CTG),and ND3(ATA).ND2,COXII,ND3,ND4 and Cytb had T as the terminating codon,COXIII’s termination codon was TA,and the remaining PCGs of that were TAA.All tRNA genes,except for the lacking DHU-arm of tRNASer(AGN),were predicted to form a typical cloverleaf secondary structure.In addition,sequence similarity analysis(99%identity)and phylogenetic analysis(100%bootstrap value)indicated that the mitochondrial genome was maternally inherited.This study provides mitogenome data for studying genetic,phylogenetic relationships and breeding of grouper.展开更多
Purpose:Since the 1980s,suzhi has become a core word in contemporary China.Suzhi education as an education philosophy full of Chinese characteristics has been well known in China for generations.Particularly since 199...Purpose:Since the 1980s,suzhi has become a core word in contemporary China.Suzhi education as an education philosophy full of Chinese characteristics has been well known in China for generations.Particularly since 1995,culture-oriented quality education as an anchor and starting point of suzhi education implementation in universities,which integrates with general education and liberal education fromWestern concepts,triggered great changes in Chinese universities.This article aims to review the concepts of suzhi education,general education,and their practice in China.Design/Approach/Methods:This study is based on historical developments of suzhi education and general education,research literature,and some typical practice cases.Findings:The analysis finds that suzhi education and general education have consistent goals.Their connotations in China can be understood in three aspects:philosophy,education content,and cultivation mode.They caused three great practices in universities,including general education courses,extracurricular suzhi education activities,and reforms on talent cultivation modes.Originality/Value:This article clarifies the localized understanding of suzhi education and general education in three aspects and outlines the overall reforms around suzhi education and general education in Chinese higher education.展开更多
基金The Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province under contact No.2019GHY112063the Breeding Project of Shandong Province under contract No.2019LZGC020+1 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences under contract Nos 2020XT0601,2020TD19 and 2020TD25the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Research Fees under contract Nos 20603022019002 and 20603022020015
文摘The mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of hybrid grouper Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus tukula(♂),a new hybrid progeny,can provide valuable information for analyzing phylogeny and molecular evolution.In this study,the mitogenome was analyzed using PCR amplification and sequenced,then the phylogenetic relationship of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)and 35 other species were constructed using Maximum Likelihood and NeighborJoining methods with the nucleotide sequences of 13 conserved protein-coding genes(PCGs).The complete mitogenome of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)was 16695 bp in length,which contained 13 PCGs,2 rRNA genes,22 tRNA genes,a replication origin and a control region.The composition and order of these genes were consistent with most other vertebrates.Of the 13 PCGs,12 PCGs were encoded on the heavy strand,and ND6 was encoded on the light strand.The mitogenome of the E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)had a higher AT nucleotide content,a positive AT-skew and a negative GC-skew.All protein initiation codons were ATG,except for COX and ND4(GTG),ATP6(CTG),and ND3(ATA).ND2,COXII,ND3,ND4 and Cytb had T as the terminating codon,COXIII’s termination codon was TA,and the remaining PCGs of that were TAA.All tRNA genes,except for the lacking DHU-arm of tRNASer(AGN),were predicted to form a typical cloverleaf secondary structure.In addition,sequence similarity analysis(99%identity)and phylogenetic analysis(100%bootstrap value)indicated that the mitochondrial genome was maternally inherited.This study provides mitogenome data for studying genetic,phylogenetic relationships and breeding of grouper.
基金the research result of the university suzhi education project“Research on the Education System Combining Morality,Intelligence,Physique,Aesthetics and Labor”(2019SZEZD01)。
文摘Purpose:Since the 1980s,suzhi has become a core word in contemporary China.Suzhi education as an education philosophy full of Chinese characteristics has been well known in China for generations.Particularly since 1995,culture-oriented quality education as an anchor and starting point of suzhi education implementation in universities,which integrates with general education and liberal education fromWestern concepts,triggered great changes in Chinese universities.This article aims to review the concepts of suzhi education,general education,and their practice in China.Design/Approach/Methods:This study is based on historical developments of suzhi education and general education,research literature,and some typical practice cases.Findings:The analysis finds that suzhi education and general education have consistent goals.Their connotations in China can be understood in three aspects:philosophy,education content,and cultivation mode.They caused three great practices in universities,including general education courses,extracurricular suzhi education activities,and reforms on talent cultivation modes.Originality/Value:This article clarifies the localized understanding of suzhi education and general education in three aspects and outlines the overall reforms around suzhi education and general education in Chinese higher education.
