Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the viral agent causing human genital herpes, recurs easily and poses significant harm to patients, while also being associated with atherosclerosis (AS). Currently, no effective therapy or...Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the viral agent causing human genital herpes, recurs easily and poses significant harm to patients, while also being associated with atherosclerosis (AS). Currently, no effective therapy or vaccine exists to combat HSV. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of HSV and its DNA in AS-diseased tissue, yet the precise pathogenesis of HSV involvement remains unclear. To investigate the genetic mechanism of HSV-induced vascular endothelial injury and AS, a type of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV-304 cells) cultured in vitro were infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The effect of HSV-2 on differential gene expression in ECV304 cells was investigated by gene microarray technology during the early stages of infection. The results revealed a total of 462 differentially expressed genes, with 318 genes exhibiting up-regulated expression and 144 genes showing down-regulated expression. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that all 462 differentially expressed genes were implicated in 237 distinct biological processes. Notably, 79 of these biological processes demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), encompassing critical functions such as protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis and assembly, as well as DNA and mRNA metabolism. Our findings have unveiled the differentially expressed genes of HSV-2 in ECV304 cells during infection, offering crucial insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HSV-2 invasion of endothelial cells and the pathobiology of AS.展开更多
The mu oil tree(Vernicia montana Lour.) is a dioecious species, but the genetic mechanisms underlying its phenotypic sexual dimorphism are unclear. In this study, we determined two pivotal phases of sex differentiatio...The mu oil tree(Vernicia montana Lour.) is a dioecious species, but the genetic mechanisms underlying its phenotypic sexual dimorphism are unclear. In this study, we determined two pivotal phases of sex differentiation of mu oil tree via morphological and histological analyses of unisexual flowers:(Ⅰ) differentiation of male or female primordia to produce staminate flowers(SFs) or transient hermaphrodite flowers(HFs),and(Ⅱ) complete abortion of stamens in transient HFs to generate pistillate flowers(PFs). A total of 1621 sex-biased genes were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis which exhibited elevated rates of protein evolution than unbiased genes. The female-biased genes were enriched in the production of defense compounds while male-biased genes were focused on the production of viable pollens. Transcriptomebased analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between PFs and SFs in phase Ⅰ involved in abscisic acid(ABA), auxin(AUX), cytokinin(CK), ethylene(ET), and gibberellin(GA) biosynthesis and signaling showed higher expression levels in males than in females in general, whereas the DEGs involved in jasmonic acid(JA) and salicylic acid(SA) pathways displayed opposite expression patterns. Moreover,differentially expressed endogenous ABA, AUX, GAs, JA, and SA exhibited consistent biased expression patterns with the DEGs by UPLC-MSbased analysis. Exogenous application of an anti-ethylene plant growth regulator could promote the development of stamens in PFs and generated HFs. Comparative transcriptomic and hormonal analyses of PFs and SFs in phase Ⅱ indicated an increase in ET concentration when abortion of stamens in PFs occurred. This study suggested that phytohormones play key roles in sex dimorphism and ET may determine the development of stamens in PFs of mu oil tree, which provides an insight into plant sex differentiation mechanisms.展开更多
Salicylic acid(SA),belonging to a family of naturally occurring phenolic compounds,is a crucial plant hormone involved in many biological processes,such as plant immunity,seed germination,root initiation,stomatal clos...Salicylic acid(SA),belonging to a family of naturally occurring phenolic compounds,is a crucial plant hormone involved in many biological processes,such as plant immunity,seed germination,root initiation,stomatal closure,and biotic/abiotic stress response.SA playing central roles in many metabolic processes have been extensively characterized.However,the function of SA in plant flower development has rarely been investigated.This paper reviews recent research advances on the roles of SA in flower development,including regulation of stamen development,flowering time,and ovarian development.This study provides multiple lines and levels of evidence substantiating that SA plays important roles in flower development,and suggests a pressing need to study the flower development-related functions of SA in both annual and perennial plants.展开更多
Tung tree(Vernicia fordii)is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil rich in eleostearic acid.Here,we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of tung tree.The genome sequence wa...Tung tree(Vernicia fordii)is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil rich in eleostearic acid.Here,we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of tung tree.The genome sequence was assembled by combining Illumina short reads,Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time long reads,and Hi-C sequencing data.The size of tung tree genome is 1.12 Gb,with 28,422 predicted genes and over 73%repeat sequences.The V.fordii underwent an ancient genome triplication event shared by core eudicots but no further wholegenome duplication in the subsequent ca.34.55 million years of evolutionary history of the tung tree lineage.Insertion time analysis revealed that repeat-driven genome expansion might have arisen as a result of long-standing long terminal repeat retrotransposon bursts and lack of efficient DNA deletion mechanisms.The genome harbors 88 resistance genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites;17 of these genes may be involved in early-infection stage of Fusarium wilt resistance.Further,651 oil-related genes were identified,88 of which are predicted to be directly involved in tung oil biosynthesis.Relatively few phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes,and synergistic effects between transcription factors and oil biosynthesis-related genes might contribute to the high oil content of tung seed.The tung tree genome constitutes a valuable resource for understanding genome evolution,as well as for molecular breeding and genetic improvements for oil production.展开更多
文摘Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the viral agent causing human genital herpes, recurs easily and poses significant harm to patients, while also being associated with atherosclerosis (AS). Currently, no effective therapy or vaccine exists to combat HSV. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of HSV and its DNA in AS-diseased tissue, yet the precise pathogenesis of HSV involvement remains unclear. To investigate the genetic mechanism of HSV-induced vascular endothelial injury and AS, a type of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV-304 cells) cultured in vitro were infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The effect of HSV-2 on differential gene expression in ECV304 cells was investigated by gene microarray technology during the early stages of infection. The results revealed a total of 462 differentially expressed genes, with 318 genes exhibiting up-regulated expression and 144 genes showing down-regulated expression. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that all 462 differentially expressed genes were implicated in 237 distinct biological processes. Notably, 79 of these biological processes demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), encompassing critical functions such as protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis and assembly, as well as DNA and mRNA metabolism. Our findings have unveiled the differentially expressed genes of HSV-2 in ECV304 cells during infection, offering crucial insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HSV-2 invasion of endothelial cells and the pathobiology of AS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32171843)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (Grant No.CX20200696)the Scientific Innovation Fund for Graduate of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (Grant No.CX20201003)。
文摘The mu oil tree(Vernicia montana Lour.) is a dioecious species, but the genetic mechanisms underlying its phenotypic sexual dimorphism are unclear. In this study, we determined two pivotal phases of sex differentiation of mu oil tree via morphological and histological analyses of unisexual flowers:(Ⅰ) differentiation of male or female primordia to produce staminate flowers(SFs) or transient hermaphrodite flowers(HFs),and(Ⅱ) complete abortion of stamens in transient HFs to generate pistillate flowers(PFs). A total of 1621 sex-biased genes were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis which exhibited elevated rates of protein evolution than unbiased genes. The female-biased genes were enriched in the production of defense compounds while male-biased genes were focused on the production of viable pollens. Transcriptomebased analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between PFs and SFs in phase Ⅰ involved in abscisic acid(ABA), auxin(AUX), cytokinin(CK), ethylene(ET), and gibberellin(GA) biosynthesis and signaling showed higher expression levels in males than in females in general, whereas the DEGs involved in jasmonic acid(JA) and salicylic acid(SA) pathways displayed opposite expression patterns. Moreover,differentially expressed endogenous ABA, AUX, GAs, JA, and SA exhibited consistent biased expression patterns with the DEGs by UPLC-MSbased analysis. Exogenous application of an anti-ethylene plant growth regulator could promote the development of stamens in PFs and generated HFs. Comparative transcriptomic and hormonal analyses of PFs and SFs in phase Ⅱ indicated an increase in ET concentration when abortion of stamens in PFs occurred. This study suggested that phytohormones play key roles in sex dimorphism and ET may determine the development of stamens in PFs of mu oil tree, which provides an insight into plant sex differentiation mechanisms.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ30044)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171843)。
文摘Salicylic acid(SA),belonging to a family of naturally occurring phenolic compounds,is a crucial plant hormone involved in many biological processes,such as plant immunity,seed germination,root initiation,stomatal closure,and biotic/abiotic stress response.SA playing central roles in many metabolic processes have been extensively characterized.However,the function of SA in plant flower development has rarely been investigated.This paper reviews recent research advances on the roles of SA in flower development,including regulation of stamen development,flowering time,and ovarian development.This study provides multiple lines and levels of evidence substantiating that SA plays important roles in flower development,and suggests a pressing need to study the flower development-related functions of SA in both annual and perennial plants.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0600703)the National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Research Project of China(Grant No.201204403)+2 种基金the Outstanding Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.17B279)the US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS)National Program for Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products(NP 306Grant No.CRIS 6054-41000-103-00-D).
文摘Tung tree(Vernicia fordii)is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil rich in eleostearic acid.Here,we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of tung tree.The genome sequence was assembled by combining Illumina short reads,Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time long reads,and Hi-C sequencing data.The size of tung tree genome is 1.12 Gb,with 28,422 predicted genes and over 73%repeat sequences.The V.fordii underwent an ancient genome triplication event shared by core eudicots but no further wholegenome duplication in the subsequent ca.34.55 million years of evolutionary history of the tung tree lineage.Insertion time analysis revealed that repeat-driven genome expansion might have arisen as a result of long-standing long terminal repeat retrotransposon bursts and lack of efficient DNA deletion mechanisms.The genome harbors 88 resistance genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites;17 of these genes may be involved in early-infection stage of Fusarium wilt resistance.Further,651 oil-related genes were identified,88 of which are predicted to be directly involved in tung oil biosynthesis.Relatively few phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes,and synergistic effects between transcription factors and oil biosynthesis-related genes might contribute to the high oil content of tung seed.The tung tree genome constitutes a valuable resource for understanding genome evolution,as well as for molecular breeding and genetic improvements for oil production.
