Chinese Clinical Named Entity Recognition(CNER)is a crucial step in extracting medical information and is of great significance in promoting medical informatization.However,CNER poses challenges due to the specificity...Chinese Clinical Named Entity Recognition(CNER)is a crucial step in extracting medical information and is of great significance in promoting medical informatization.However,CNER poses challenges due to the specificity of clinical terminology,the complexity of Chinese text semantics,and the uncertainty of Chinese entity boundaries.To address these issues,we propose an improved CNER model,which is based on multi-feature fusion and multi-scale local context enhancement.The model simultaneously fuses multi-feature representations of pinyin,radical,Part of Speech(POS),word boundary with BERT deep contextual representations to enhance the semantic representation of text for more effective entity recognition.Furthermore,to address the model’s limitation of focusing just on global features,we incorporate Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)with various kernel sizes to capture multi-scale local features of the text and enhance the model’s comprehension of the text.Finally,we integrate the obtained global and local features,and employ multi-head attention mechanism(MHA)extraction to enhance the model’s focus on characters associated with medical entities,hence boosting the model’s performance.We obtained 92.74%,and 87.80%F1 scores on the two CNER benchmark datasets,CCKS2017 and CCKS2019,respectively.The results demonstrate that our model outperforms the latest models in CNER,showcasing its outstanding overall performance.It can be seen that the CNER model proposed in this study has an important application value in constructing clinical medical knowledge graph and intelligent Q&A system.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are widely regarded as having the potential to replace internal combustion engines in vehicles.Since fuel cells cannot recover energy and have a slow dynamic response,they need to b...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are widely regarded as having the potential to replace internal combustion engines in vehicles.Since fuel cells cannot recover energy and have a slow dynamic response,they need to be used with different power sources.Developing efficient energy management strategies to achieve excellent fuel economy is the goal of research.This paper proposes an adaptive equivalent fuel minimum consumption strategy(AECMS)to solve the problem of the poor economy of the whole vehicle caused by the wrong selection of equivalent factors(EF)in traditional ECMS.In this method,the kinematics interval is used to update the equivalent factor by considering the penalty term of energy recovery on SOC changes.Finally,the optimized equivalent factor is substituted into the optimization objective function to achieve efficient energy regulation.Simulation results under the New European Driving Cycle show that compared with the traditional ECMS based on fixed SOC benchmarks,the proposed method improves fuel economy by 1.7%while ensuring vehicle power and increases SOC by 30%.展开更多
Information security protection has become a fundamental issue in the human life,national security,and social stability,which is enabled through the use of multi-responsive materials.Ideal multi-responsive materials a...Information security protection has become a fundamental issue in the human life,national security,and social stability,which is enabled through the use of multi-responsive materials.Ideal multi-responsive materials are operated with visible to near infrared light,exhibit large separation of absorption bands,and are functional by isomerization,posing an unmet challenge.Here,a series of visible-light-operatedmolecular photoswitches,(E)-1-acetyl-2-((4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)imino)indolin-3-one,and its derivatives(PIO-01/02/03/04/05),featuring near-infrared second aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and impressive acid/basedriven switching,are constructed via twisted intramolecular charge transfer(TICT)and subsequent E/Z isomerization strategies.In addition,protonation not only endows these molecules with large separation(Δλ_(max))of over 100 nm,but also can be used as second independent input altering the light response.Based on calculation studies and advanced spectroscopic techniques,we provide the intricate interplay of the switching behavior of PIO-01/02/03/04/05 on their photochemical properties.The optimized compound PIO-01 shows significant applications in multi-color,multi-patterning display,transient information recording and erasing,and dual-mode encryption-decryption with ternary code.展开更多
Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of chromatin.Chromatin remodeler plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.It is involved in important physiological processes,such as development,imm...Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of chromatin.Chromatin remodeler plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.It is involved in important physiological processes,such as development,immune response,and metabolic regulation.During gene expression regulation,chromatin remodelers slide nucleosomes along genomic DNA and play a major role in chromatin organization.Chd1 senses the extranucleosomal linker DNA and controls nucleosome spacing in cells.However,the mechanism of linker DNA sensing by Chd1 is not completely understood.Here,we report the cryo-electron microscope(cryoEM)structures of Chd1 engaging nucleosomes in different states.Chd1 induces two exit-DNA conformations,either fully wrapped or partially unwrapped states.Notably,in the unwrapped conformation,the exit DNA interacts with a positively charged loop of the motor,named the exit-DNA binding loop,and traps Chd1 in the closed state in the ATPase cycle,suggesting attenuation of its remodeling activity.Explored single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer(smFRET)and biochemical data supported the regulation of Chd1 remodeling activity by the exit-DNA conformations,which is important for the linker DNA sensitivity.Mutants of the Chd1 exit-DNA binding loop compromised nucleosome organization in yeast cells.Together,our findings provide valuable insights into Chd1 regulation by exit DNA unwrapping.These results provide a new perspective for the study of cell development and metabolism.展开更多
To achieve high photovoltaic performance of bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells(OSCs), a range of critical factors including absorption profiles, energy level alignment, charge carrier mobility and miscibility of...To achieve high photovoltaic performance of bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells(OSCs), a range of critical factors including absorption profiles, energy level alignment, charge carrier mobility and miscibility of donor and acceptor materials should be carefully considered. For electron-donating materials, the deep highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy level that is beneficial for high open-circuit voltage is much appreciated. However, a new issue in charge transfer emerges when matching such a donor with an acceptor that has a shallower HOMO energy level. More to this point, the chemical strategies used to enhance the absorption coefficient of acceptors may lead to increased molecular crystallinity, and thus result in less controllable phase-separation of photoactive layer. Therefore, to realize balanced photovoltaic parameters, the donor-acceptor combinations should simultaneously address the absorption spectra, energy levels, and film morphologies. Here, we selected two non-fullerene acceptors, namely BTPT-4F and BTPTT-4F, to match with a wide-bandgap polymer donor P2F-EHp consisting of an imidefunctionalized benzotriazole moiety, as these materials presented complementary absorption and well-matched energy levels. By delicately optimizing the blend film morphology, we demonstrated an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of over 16% for the device based on P2F-EHp:BTPTT-4F, suggesting the great promise of materials matching toward high-performance OSCs.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61911540482 and 61702324).
文摘Chinese Clinical Named Entity Recognition(CNER)is a crucial step in extracting medical information and is of great significance in promoting medical informatization.However,CNER poses challenges due to the specificity of clinical terminology,the complexity of Chinese text semantics,and the uncertainty of Chinese entity boundaries.To address these issues,we propose an improved CNER model,which is based on multi-feature fusion and multi-scale local context enhancement.The model simultaneously fuses multi-feature representations of pinyin,radical,Part of Speech(POS),word boundary with BERT deep contextual representations to enhance the semantic representation of text for more effective entity recognition.Furthermore,to address the model’s limitation of focusing just on global features,we incorporate Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)with various kernel sizes to capture multi-scale local features of the text and enhance the model’s comprehension of the text.Finally,we integrate the obtained global and local features,and employ multi-head attention mechanism(MHA)extraction to enhance the model’s focus on characters associated with medical entities,hence boosting the model’s performance.We obtained 92.74%,and 87.80%F1 scores on the two CNER benchmark datasets,CCKS2017 and CCKS2019,respectively.The results demonstrate that our model outperforms the latest models in CNER,showcasing its outstanding overall performance.It can be seen that the CNER model proposed in this study has an important application value in constructing clinical medical knowledge graph and intelligent Q&A system.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB0106603)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2020CXGC010406)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2019JZZY010912).
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are widely regarded as having the potential to replace internal combustion engines in vehicles.Since fuel cells cannot recover energy and have a slow dynamic response,they need to be used with different power sources.Developing efficient energy management strategies to achieve excellent fuel economy is the goal of research.This paper proposes an adaptive equivalent fuel minimum consumption strategy(AECMS)to solve the problem of the poor economy of the whole vehicle caused by the wrong selection of equivalent factors(EF)in traditional ECMS.In this method,the kinematics interval is used to update the equivalent factor by considering the penalty term of energy recovery on SOC changes.Finally,the optimized equivalent factor is substituted into the optimization objective function to achieve efficient energy regulation.Simulation results under the New European Driving Cycle show that compared with the traditional ECMS based on fixed SOC benchmarks,the proposed method improves fuel economy by 1.7%while ensuring vehicle power and increases SOC by 30%.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangxi Province(2024GXNSFAA010360 and AD22035156)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22265006,U23A20594,22375066 and 52333007)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3810001).
文摘Information security protection has become a fundamental issue in the human life,national security,and social stability,which is enabled through the use of multi-responsive materials.Ideal multi-responsive materials are operated with visible to near infrared light,exhibit large separation of absorption bands,and are functional by isomerization,posing an unmet challenge.Here,a series of visible-light-operatedmolecular photoswitches,(E)-1-acetyl-2-((4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)imino)indolin-3-one,and its derivatives(PIO-01/02/03/04/05),featuring near-infrared second aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and impressive acid/basedriven switching,are constructed via twisted intramolecular charge transfer(TICT)and subsequent E/Z isomerization strategies.In addition,protonation not only endows these molecules with large separation(Δλ_(max))of over 100 nm,but also can be used as second independent input altering the light response.Based on calculation studies and advanced spectroscopic techniques,we provide the intricate interplay of the switching behavior of PIO-01/02/03/04/05 on their photochemical properties.The optimized compound PIO-01 shows significant applications in multi-color,multi-patterning display,transient information recording and erasing,and dual-mode encryption-decryption with ternary code.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20211310041)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7244333)+1 种基金the Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(DFL20241201)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300421039).
文摘Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of chromatin.Chromatin remodeler plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.It is involved in important physiological processes,such as development,immune response,and metabolic regulation.During gene expression regulation,chromatin remodelers slide nucleosomes along genomic DNA and play a major role in chromatin organization.Chd1 senses the extranucleosomal linker DNA and controls nucleosome spacing in cells.However,the mechanism of linker DNA sensing by Chd1 is not completely understood.Here,we report the cryo-electron microscope(cryoEM)structures of Chd1 engaging nucleosomes in different states.Chd1 induces two exit-DNA conformations,either fully wrapped or partially unwrapped states.Notably,in the unwrapped conformation,the exit DNA interacts with a positively charged loop of the motor,named the exit-DNA binding loop,and traps Chd1 in the closed state in the ATPase cycle,suggesting attenuation of its remodeling activity.Explored single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer(smFRET)and biochemical data supported the regulation of Chd1 remodeling activity by the exit-DNA conformations,which is important for the linker DNA sensitivity.Mutants of the Chd1 exit-DNA binding loop compromised nucleosome organization in yeast cells.Together,our findings provide valuable insights into Chd1 regulation by exit DNA unwrapping.These results provide a new perspective for the study of cell development and metabolism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91633301, 51521002, 21822505, 21520102006)
文摘To achieve high photovoltaic performance of bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells(OSCs), a range of critical factors including absorption profiles, energy level alignment, charge carrier mobility and miscibility of donor and acceptor materials should be carefully considered. For electron-donating materials, the deep highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy level that is beneficial for high open-circuit voltage is much appreciated. However, a new issue in charge transfer emerges when matching such a donor with an acceptor that has a shallower HOMO energy level. More to this point, the chemical strategies used to enhance the absorption coefficient of acceptors may lead to increased molecular crystallinity, and thus result in less controllable phase-separation of photoactive layer. Therefore, to realize balanced photovoltaic parameters, the donor-acceptor combinations should simultaneously address the absorption spectra, energy levels, and film morphologies. Here, we selected two non-fullerene acceptors, namely BTPT-4F and BTPTT-4F, to match with a wide-bandgap polymer donor P2F-EHp consisting of an imidefunctionalized benzotriazole moiety, as these materials presented complementary absorption and well-matched energy levels. By delicately optimizing the blend film morphology, we demonstrated an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of over 16% for the device based on P2F-EHp:BTPTT-4F, suggesting the great promise of materials matching toward high-performance OSCs.
