Climate change may affect human health through multiple and interactive pathways that include safe water scarcity. However, impacts of climate change-induced water scarcity on health and well-being are complex.About 8...Climate change may affect human health through multiple and interactive pathways that include safe water scarcity. However, impacts of climate change-induced water scarcity on health and well-being are complex.About 80% of illnesses in developing countries are attributed to unsafe drinking water and waterborne diseases. In Southwestern Bangladesh, lack of safe drinking water is a severe crisis due to climate change. The study investigated the impacts of climate change on water resources and human health in a coastal area. A questionnaire survey was carried out in two villages of Shymnagar upazila on the southwestern coast to investigate the present status of safe water sources and health care facilities and their impacts on the local community. The results show that the local community believes that climate change is having substantial impacts on freshwater sources and health. More than 70% of the respondents identified diarrhea, dysentery,and skin diseases as the prime waterborne health risks that occur through climate-related safe water scarcity. By synthesizing the ground data, we suggest pathways to health adaptation to climate change effects and safe water scarcitythrough locally available adaptive practices such as the use of pond sand filters, rainwater harvesting, and importing potable water with the active participation of the government,nongovernmental organizations, and communities.展开更多
Elevated price of chemical fertilizers and poor nutrient content in conventional organic sources such as municipal solid waste(MSW)compost necessitate the production of nutrient enriched compost which could serve as a...Elevated price of chemical fertilizers and poor nutrient content in conventional organic sources such as municipal solid waste(MSW)compost necessitate the production of nutrient enriched compost which could serve as a potential alternative organic fertilizer option.We studied three types of amended compost that were prepared by mixing 20%mustard oil cake(MOC)and 30%poultry manure(PM)or cow dung or sugarcane press mud(SPM)with 50%MSW compost.Trichoderma viride was inoculated into every type of compost.The rate of amended or unamended MSW compost application was 10 t ha^(−1).The use of different amendments improved the nutrient level of MSW compost,of which the N increment was remarkable,ranging from 1.14%N(unamended compost)to 2.9%–3.22%N depending on the types of amendment.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate performances of the amended MSW composts on the yield and nutrient content of potato(variety BARI Alu25).All compost treatments except the sole MSW compost treatment produced significantly higher tuber yields than the sole fertilizer treatment.The press mud based MSW compost+fertilizer treatment produced the highest tuber yield of 31.6 t ha^(−1)(65%increase over 100%fertilizers and 57%increase over 100%compost treatment).The tuber N concentration varied from 0.128%to 0.594%,P from 0.018%to 0.035%,K from 0.213%to 0.313%and S from 0.020%to 0.053%,with the highest result recorded with press mud+fertilizer treatment.The use of amended composts had residual effects on soil N,P,K and S contents.Thus,the treatment containing 50%fertilizer+50%compost mixture(MSW:MOC:SPM in a ratio of 5:2:3)performed the best followed by PM amended compost.It is concluded that integrated use of 10 t ha^(−1) organic amended MSW compost with chemical fertilizers can ensure higher crop yield,nutrient content and sustained soil fertility in nutrient-deficient sub-tropical soil.展开更多
文摘Climate change may affect human health through multiple and interactive pathways that include safe water scarcity. However, impacts of climate change-induced water scarcity on health and well-being are complex.About 80% of illnesses in developing countries are attributed to unsafe drinking water and waterborne diseases. In Southwestern Bangladesh, lack of safe drinking water is a severe crisis due to climate change. The study investigated the impacts of climate change on water resources and human health in a coastal area. A questionnaire survey was carried out in two villages of Shymnagar upazila on the southwestern coast to investigate the present status of safe water sources and health care facilities and their impacts on the local community. The results show that the local community believes that climate change is having substantial impacts on freshwater sources and health. More than 70% of the respondents identified diarrhea, dysentery,and skin diseases as the prime waterborne health risks that occur through climate-related safe water scarcity. By synthesizing the ground data, we suggest pathways to health adaptation to climate change effects and safe water scarcitythrough locally available adaptive practices such as the use of pond sand filters, rainwater harvesting, and importing potable water with the active participation of the government,nongovernmental organizations, and communities.
基金supported by the World Bank(WB)funded Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project(HEQEP)implemented by the University Grants Commission(UGC),Bangladesh.
文摘Elevated price of chemical fertilizers and poor nutrient content in conventional organic sources such as municipal solid waste(MSW)compost necessitate the production of nutrient enriched compost which could serve as a potential alternative organic fertilizer option.We studied three types of amended compost that were prepared by mixing 20%mustard oil cake(MOC)and 30%poultry manure(PM)or cow dung or sugarcane press mud(SPM)with 50%MSW compost.Trichoderma viride was inoculated into every type of compost.The rate of amended or unamended MSW compost application was 10 t ha^(−1).The use of different amendments improved the nutrient level of MSW compost,of which the N increment was remarkable,ranging from 1.14%N(unamended compost)to 2.9%–3.22%N depending on the types of amendment.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate performances of the amended MSW composts on the yield and nutrient content of potato(variety BARI Alu25).All compost treatments except the sole MSW compost treatment produced significantly higher tuber yields than the sole fertilizer treatment.The press mud based MSW compost+fertilizer treatment produced the highest tuber yield of 31.6 t ha^(−1)(65%increase over 100%fertilizers and 57%increase over 100%compost treatment).The tuber N concentration varied from 0.128%to 0.594%,P from 0.018%to 0.035%,K from 0.213%to 0.313%and S from 0.020%to 0.053%,with the highest result recorded with press mud+fertilizer treatment.The use of amended composts had residual effects on soil N,P,K and S contents.Thus,the treatment containing 50%fertilizer+50%compost mixture(MSW:MOC:SPM in a ratio of 5:2:3)performed the best followed by PM amended compost.It is concluded that integrated use of 10 t ha^(−1) organic amended MSW compost with chemical fertilizers can ensure higher crop yield,nutrient content and sustained soil fertility in nutrient-deficient sub-tropical soil.
