In irrigated agricultural systems,nitrogen(N)and water are the vital resources for sustainability of the crop production in the modern era of climate change.The current study aimed to assess the impact of water and N ...In irrigated agricultural systems,nitrogen(N)and water are the vital resources for sustainability of the crop production in the modern era of climate change.The current study aimed to assess the impact of water and N management on the productivity of irrigated rice cultivars.In the context,a field observation was done at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh,during dry seasons in consecutive two years(2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The experiments were set up following split-plot design assigning water management in the main plots,nitrogen management in the sub-plots,and the cultivars were approved in the split-split plot with three replications.After two years observation,it was revealed that rice cultivar Binadhan-8 gave the maximum value of leaf area index,number effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1 which lead to the higher grain yield(GY).Substantial relationships were observed among the concentration of N,growth,total dry matter(TDM)and N content,N uptake,N utilization effectiveness,and GY.However,with little exception,the Combined effect of water and N,cultivars and water management were varied significantly for all parameters.Finally,the results of the current study concluded that application of irrigation at 8 days after the disappearance of ponded water and source of 105 kg N ha-1 from PU+Poultry manure are the best management approach for the excellent performance of rice cultivar Binadhan-8.展开更多
In this paper, soil resistivity and ground resistance at two different sites near an electrical substation are measured using a grounding system grid with and without rods. With the Wenner four-pole equal-method, the ...In this paper, soil resistivity and ground resistance at two different sites near an electrical substation are measured using a grounding system grid with and without rods. With the Wenner four-pole equal-method, the soil resistivity is measured at both selected sites, one of which contains wet soil while the other contains dry soil. Cymgrd simulation software is then used to determine the acceptability of these measured resistivity values by finding out the root mean square error between the measured and calculated values for both wet and dry soil sites. These values for wet and dry soil sties were found to be only 0 %and 4.92 %, respectively, and deemed acceptable. The measured soil resistivity values were then used to evaluate the ground resistance values of a grounding grid ‘with rod’for the wet soil site and ‘without rods’ for the dry soil site,and then compared with the simulated ground resistance values. These comparisons were also found to be in good agreement. In addition, ground potential rise, maximum permissible step and touch potentials have also been estimated using the simulation software.展开更多
Lung cancer(LC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Inflammation is a driver of cancer initiation and progression,affecting processes such as angiogenesis,antiapoptotic path...Lung cancer(LC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Inflammation is a driver of cancer initiation and progression,affecting processes such as angiogenesis,antiapoptotic pathways,and DNA adduct formation.Cytokines are small proteins that can accelerate or slow tumor growth by controlling associated signaling processes such as cell proliferation,metastasis,and apoptosis.This review reveals the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),and interleukins in LC.Macrophages play a role in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)pathogenesis and are associated with poor prognosis.A nested case-control study revealed that elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were strongly associated with the risk of LC.Specifically,the odds ratio(OR)for IL-6 and IL-8 in former smokers(fourth quartile vs.first quartile)was 2.70(95%confidence interval[CI],1.55-4.70)and 2.83(95%CI,1.18-6.75),respectively.Because C-reactive protein levels are elevated in patients with NSCLC with larger and higher-grade tumors,CRP has been identified as a systemic indicator of chronic inflammation.Insulin-like growth factors influence cellular signal transduction pathways and contribute to tumorigenesis.Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors have been explored for their role in NSCLC prognosis,highlighting their association with chromogranin.Transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily M,member 7(TRPM7),urokinase plasminogen activator,matrix metalloproteinases,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been identified with a focus on their expression patterns and prognostic significance in LC tissues.Moreover,lung angiogenesis induces vascular endothelial growth factor,soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,myeloperoxidase,and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase expressions.In conclusion,this review thoroughly summarized the inflammatory cytokines and specific factors influencing LC,providing the basis for further research on potential treatment approaches.展开更多
基金Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council(BARC),Bangladesh and the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project No.(TURSP-2020/85),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In irrigated agricultural systems,nitrogen(N)and water are the vital resources for sustainability of the crop production in the modern era of climate change.The current study aimed to assess the impact of water and N management on the productivity of irrigated rice cultivars.In the context,a field observation was done at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh,during dry seasons in consecutive two years(2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The experiments were set up following split-plot design assigning water management in the main plots,nitrogen management in the sub-plots,and the cultivars were approved in the split-split plot with three replications.After two years observation,it was revealed that rice cultivar Binadhan-8 gave the maximum value of leaf area index,number effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1 which lead to the higher grain yield(GY).Substantial relationships were observed among the concentration of N,growth,total dry matter(TDM)and N content,N uptake,N utilization effectiveness,and GY.However,with little exception,the Combined effect of water and N,cultivars and water management were varied significantly for all parameters.Finally,the results of the current study concluded that application of irrigation at 8 days after the disappearance of ponded water and source of 105 kg N ha-1 from PU+Poultry manure are the best management approach for the excellent performance of rice cultivar Binadhan-8.
文摘In this paper, soil resistivity and ground resistance at two different sites near an electrical substation are measured using a grounding system grid with and without rods. With the Wenner four-pole equal-method, the soil resistivity is measured at both selected sites, one of which contains wet soil while the other contains dry soil. Cymgrd simulation software is then used to determine the acceptability of these measured resistivity values by finding out the root mean square error between the measured and calculated values for both wet and dry soil sites. These values for wet and dry soil sties were found to be only 0 %and 4.92 %, respectively, and deemed acceptable. The measured soil resistivity values were then used to evaluate the ground resistance values of a grounding grid ‘with rod’for the wet soil site and ‘without rods’ for the dry soil site,and then compared with the simulated ground resistance values. These comparisons were also found to be in good agreement. In addition, ground potential rise, maximum permissible step and touch potentials have also been estimated using the simulation software.
文摘Lung cancer(LC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Inflammation is a driver of cancer initiation and progression,affecting processes such as angiogenesis,antiapoptotic pathways,and DNA adduct formation.Cytokines are small proteins that can accelerate or slow tumor growth by controlling associated signaling processes such as cell proliferation,metastasis,and apoptosis.This review reveals the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),and interleukins in LC.Macrophages play a role in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)pathogenesis and are associated with poor prognosis.A nested case-control study revealed that elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were strongly associated with the risk of LC.Specifically,the odds ratio(OR)for IL-6 and IL-8 in former smokers(fourth quartile vs.first quartile)was 2.70(95%confidence interval[CI],1.55-4.70)and 2.83(95%CI,1.18-6.75),respectively.Because C-reactive protein levels are elevated in patients with NSCLC with larger and higher-grade tumors,CRP has been identified as a systemic indicator of chronic inflammation.Insulin-like growth factors influence cellular signal transduction pathways and contribute to tumorigenesis.Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors have been explored for their role in NSCLC prognosis,highlighting their association with chromogranin.Transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily M,member 7(TRPM7),urokinase plasminogen activator,matrix metalloproteinases,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been identified with a focus on their expression patterns and prognostic significance in LC tissues.Moreover,lung angiogenesis induces vascular endothelial growth factor,soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,myeloperoxidase,and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase expressions.In conclusion,this review thoroughly summarized the inflammatory cytokines and specific factors influencing LC,providing the basis for further research on potential treatment approaches.
