The investigation was carried out in focusing the genetic variability for different traits of wheat influenced by heat tolerance mechanism to find out relationships among phenological, physiological and yield contribu...The investigation was carried out in focusing the genetic variability for different traits of wheat influenced by heat tolerance mechanism to find out relationships among phenological, physiological and yield contributing traits. Spring wheat cultivar of 25 genotypes were selected and cultivated under late sowing condition at the Regional Wheat Research Institute, Shympur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December, 2016 to April, 2017. Significant variability among the genotypes exposed for different traits related to heat tolerance. Results showed that the genotypes G24, G10, G01, G13, G16, G25 and G14 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ranked as better category considering maximum number of traits in mean</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> performance indicating their tolerance to heat stress under late sowing condition. Phenotypic variances (<i>σ<sub>g</sub><sup style="margin-left:-6px;">2</sup></i>) of all traits were greater than those of genotypic variances (<i>σ<sub>g</sub><sup style="margin-left:-6px;">2</sup></i>). The same trends were also found in their co-efficient of variances. The phenotypic co-efficient of variances (PCV) of all traits were greater compare to those of genotypic co-efficient of variances (GCV) and their values were closer to each other. The heading days (HD), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vg</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), canopy temperature at grain filling stage </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gf</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), biomass, plant height (PH), spike/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (SPM), spikelet/spike (SPS), </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grain/</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spike (GPS), thousand grain weight (TGW) and yield exhibited higher heritability (<i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h<sub>b</sub><sup style="margin-left:-6px;">2</sup></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i>) estimated under irrigated late sowing (ILS) condition. Under the same ILS condition SPAD, SPM, SPS, GPS, TGW and yield showed moderate to high genetic advance (GA) obtained through computing their mean percentage (%) and the rest traits HD, maturity days (MD), CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vg</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gf</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, biomass, PH and harvest index (HI) exposed smaller genetic advance (% mean). The co-efficient of variation (CV%) of all attributes in all genotypes were significantly lower (1.36</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 6.96). Both heritability and genetic advance were found lower for MD, SPAD and HI indicated their non additive genetic effects for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which these traits might not be recommended for selection. However, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spike/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spikelet/spike, grain/spike, thousand grain weight and yield belonged to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher heritability and high to moderate genetic advance in mean percentage (%) along with wide genetic variation and lower environmental influence in heat stress situation indicated the most likely heritability due to the effects of additive genes that might be suggested as effective process of selection for these traits in heat stress condition.展开更多
Wildfire is closely associated with human society and having its effect on earth as well as on its environment for more than 350 million years. It is a very common phenomenon from the ancient period, has hazardous eff...Wildfire is closely associated with human society and having its effect on earth as well as on its environment for more than 350 million years. It is a very common phenomenon from the ancient period, has hazardous effects on both environment and human life. This study mainly focuses on the review of wildfire of Australia during 2019-2020 regarding its distribution, status of fatality influences on different environmental factors, consequences and some proposals for its mitigation. In this review paper, a modified edition of the principled review methodology was followed in compiling the most reliable data to support the bushfire in Australia belonging to its causes of occurrences and impacts. The bushfire was started in mid-June in 2019, and it is still now burning in hundreds of places of different parts of Australia, and the forest of New South Wales, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland and Victoria were being burnt deadly. The accumulating data exposed the year 2019 as the driest and warmest year with lowest rainfall that might be the potential causes of bushfires in Australia. Moreover, maximum forest land of Australia is covered by naturally grown Eucalyptus trees which are generally flammable and supply oil type fuel during bushfires. Bushfire deteriorates the quality of soil, water and air of the locality up to many hundreds or thousands of kilometers away in increasing the emission of toxic substances and carbon rate. Around more than 3 billion native vertebrates, 143 million mammals, 2.46 billion reptiles, 181 million birds, 51 million frogs were burnt out by bushfires of 2020 in Australia. More than US$110 billion financial loss has been determined due to this fire of Australia. In some cases, it is also helpful for forest land. Sometimes it helps to continue the forest ecosystem by burning unwanted plants, animals and microscopic compounds. To reduce the hazard needs proper land regulation, combination of social governance, sufficient funding, permanent vigilance of all sides are the partial solutions. However, the research helps to find out an overall idea to explore the devastating nature of bushfires, the actual causes of occurrences and recommendations for mitigation of bushfires in Australia as well as assisting researchers those willing for further scientific study. It was also mentioned some effective prologues to reduce the hazardous effects and find some ways to overcome such destructive disaster.展开更多
The field experiment cultivating wheat during the winter season from November 2014 to March 2015 was conducted in the “North Eastern Barind Tract Soils” at Kushadaha, Nawabganj, Dinajpur in Bangladesh. The wheat var...The field experiment cultivating wheat during the winter season from November 2014 to March 2015 was conducted in the “North Eastern Barind Tract Soils” at Kushadaha, Nawabganj, Dinajpur in Bangladesh. The wheat variety BARI Gom 26 was selected in focusing to evaluate the effects of organic amendments using poultry manure (PM) and cow dung (CD) on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by the plant. The texture of the field soil was clay with acidic nature (pH 5.61). The trials comprise three treatments following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Results showed that significantly greater plant height, number of tillers per hill and straw yield were 98.10 cm, 3.66 and 5425 kg/ha respectively in receiving the treatment T<sub>2</sub> than T<sub>3</sub> (95.66 cm, 3.38 and 4483 kg/ha) and T<sub>1</sub> (control). Spike length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were 9.23 cm, 39.81 kg/ha and 3100 kg/ha respectively also higher in T<sub>2</sub> treatment than T<sub>3</sub> (8.76 cm, 38.51 kg/ha, 3091 kg/ha) with no statistical differences among them. Therefore, the treatment T<sub>2</sub> (PM) comprised of poultry manure and NPK exhibited as the best treatment for producing the highest in all growth and yield parameters of wheat. In wheat grain, the content of N, P, K, S, Mg, Zn and B ranged from 1.080% to 1.380% N, 0.390% to 0.398% P, 0.780% to 0.840% K, 0.079% to 0.111% S, 0.181% to 0.187% Mg, 25.56 to 29.77 ppm Zn and 10.12 to 12.54 ppm B. Similarly in straw, nutrients content ranged from 0.220 to 0.300% N, 0.045% to 0.074% P, 0.970% to 1.250% K, 0.152% to 0.191% S, 0.097% to 0.101% Mg, 10.78 to 13.23 ppm Zn and 27.98 to 2989 ppm B. Therefore, organic amendment with 5-ton cow dung (CD) ha<sup>-1</sup> with a recommended dose of NPK significantly increased the content of N, S, Mg, Zn and B in the grain and straw of wheat. Alternatively, the poultry manure treatment with NPK significantly increased the content of P and K in the grain and straw of wheat. However, results revealed that the treatments T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> comprising a recommended dose of NPK with poultry manure and cow dung respectively could increase the content of N, P, K, S, Mg, Zn and B in wheat. The overall results expressed that the poultry manure treatment with NPK (T<sub>2</sub>) exposed as superior for producing the top growth and yield attributes of wheat in the studied area.展开更多
A wheat variety BARI Gom 26 was cultivated with an objective of evaluating the effects of macro/secondary nutrients as S and Mg, and micro nutrients as B and Zn on yield, yield contributing traits and nutrient uptake ...A wheat variety BARI Gom 26 was cultivated with an objective of evaluating the effects of macro/secondary nutrients as S and Mg, and micro nutrients as B and Zn on yield, yield contributing traits and nutrient uptake status by the crop. The field experiment was con-ducted in the “North Eastern Barind Tract Soils” at Kushadaha, Nawabganj, Dinajpur, Bangladesh from November, 2014 to March, 2015. The surface soil was clay in texture, having pH 5.61, organic matter 1.58%, total N 0.10%, available P 7.03 ppm, exchangeable K 0.11 meq/100g, available S 2.57 ppm, exchangeable Mg 0.55 meq/100g, available Zn 1.30 ppm, available B 0.08 ppm. The experiment was designed with five treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: NPK (control), T2: NPK + S, T3: NPK + S + Mg, T4: NPK + S + Mg + Zn and T5: NPK + S + Mg + Zn + B. All plots of wheat received 100 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha and 70 kg K/ha as basal dose. The secondary and micro nutrients doses were 15 kg S/ha, 6 kg Mg/ha, 2.5 kg Zn/ha and 1.5 kg B/ha. Results revealed that the plant height, tillers/hill, 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw, uptake of some specific nutrients in grain and straw were signifi-cantly influenced by all the treatments, though these treatments did not show any identical effect on spike length, content of P and Mg in wheat. Significantly highest amount of 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw weight of wheat were obtained in applying T2 treatment that employed the addition of S with recommended dose of NPK. Significant positive effects were also observed for the rest parameters in receiving the treatments composed of secondary and micronutrients (T3, T4, and T5). The highest concentration of nutrient uptake N, P, K and S in grain and straw of wheat were also obtained due to the application of T2 treatment. In the case of Mg, the maximum uptake was recorded in T4 where Mg was added as a component of this treatment. In contrast, the highest content of Zn and B were extracted in receiving the treatment T5 both for grain and straw. However, results suggested that T2 treatment comprising recommended dose of NPK with S might be economic and suitable as for better production of 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw, uptake of N, P, K and S in grain and straw of wheat cultivated in the North Eastern Barind Tract Soils of Bangladesh under winter condition. The treatment T5 would also be recommended in the context of addition of micronutrients.展开更多
The research work was undertaken to identify the extent of genetic diversity in different parameters of wheat related to heat tolerance mechanism. Performances of currently available 25 spring wheat genotypes were stu...The research work was undertaken to identify the extent of genetic diversity in different parameters of wheat related to heat tolerance mechanism. Performances of currently available 25 spring wheat genotypes were studied at the Regional Wheat Research Institute, Shyampur, Rajshahi during the winter season of 2016/2017. All these genotypes (25) were grouped into five clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical clustering parameters viz. cluster I (G2, G5, G6, G16, G20), II (G4, G7, G9, G11, G12, G17), III (G10, G24), IV (G1, G13, G19, G21) and V (G3, G8, G14, G15, G18, G22, G23, G25). These groups were arranged into five (5) pairs of clusters viz. cluster I and III;II and III;II and V;III and IV;IV and V considering their similar potentiality of different traits. Results revealed that the maximum number of genotypes (8) was found in cluster V while cluster III comprised minimum genotypes (2). The inter-cluster distance was higher than intra-cluster distances. The highest and second highest eigenvalues belonged to spike/m<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (25.23%) and spikelets/spike (20.18%) respectively, along with positive canonical values in both the vectors 1 and 2 for these two traits identified them as major traits by exposing their highest potential toward genetic divergence. Cluster III produced the highest spike/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (388.8), grain/spike (48.1), plant height (89.5 cm), SPAD (54.2), yield (2799 kg/ha) and biomass (7758.1 Kg/ha) with lowest heading days (64.7 days), maturity days (98.7 days), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (21.7°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and canopy temperature at grain filling stage (22.4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). In contrast, cluster V produced the lowest 1000-grain weight (30.4 g</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and grain yield (2172 kg/ha) belonging to the highest canopy temperature at both stages (23.8°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 24.7</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">However, results suggested that the genotypes G10 and G24 under the cluster III, and genotypes G01, G13, G19 and G21 under the cluster IV could be considered as parents for future hybridization program, as well as the five pairs of clusters viz. cluster I and III;II and III;II and V;III and IV;IV and V might be matched as considered for getting more heterotic F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The results of the study would help to identify the divergent genotypes associate with heat tolerance and this might be helpful in designing future breeding program.</span></span>展开更多
Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span sty...Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tuberization and field evaluation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum tuberosum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 day old field</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.1</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KI</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best for </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary establishment of meristem culture. The primar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ily</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> established meristems were subcultured on to MS semisolid basal medium supplemented with four different treatment combinations of hormones viz. 0.5 mg/L BA</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+ 1.0 mg/L IBA;0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used to identify the suitable media compositions for shoot proliferation. Results showed that out of these four media treatments the formulation 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best suitable for shoot generation. Among the four cultivars of potato higher frequency of shoot proliferation (number of shoots/explant and longest shoot length) was observed in Diamant, though the highest shoot formation (76%) was recorded in Cardinal. Virus free </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grown potato plantlets were ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained through DAS-ELISA test and used substantially for m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">icro-propagation. After gradual acclimatization of rooted plantlets of four potato cultivars</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> they were transferred into the field for cultivation and established successfully. It was observed from the field study of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meristem-derived plantlets that there were no virus-affected plants. The virus-free exotic varieties were much superior in all vegetative attributes and yield compare</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to those of indigenous varieties with producing potato plants of normal height. In contrast, the indigenous varieties took </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longer time to tuber initiation and maturity, lower plant height and number of leaves per plant, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher number of tubers but </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower amount of tuber weight per plant, and poorer tuber grade than the exotic varieties. However, the variety Cardinal exposed the best performances in the context of survival percentage of plantlets (90%), days to tuber initiation (DTI), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">number of leaves per plant (NL), tuber weight per plant (343.40%) and the percentage of rich tuber grade.</span>展开更多
Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the h...Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the host plant and environmental conditions. The conidia of Bs germinate from two poles, which differ physiologically as indicated by the rate, growth character, of length, breadth and number of septa on different media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected plant extracts on the morphology and cultural characteristics of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana causing black point disease in wheat crops in Bangladesh. The efficacy of fifteen plant extracts on the growth and characteristics of Bs was conducted in vitro in 2019-2020. The treatments were: Untreated control, T<sub>1</sub>—Black berry Leaves, T<sub>2</sub>—Guava Leaves, T<sub>3</sub>—Lantena camera leaves, T<sub>4</sub>—Eucalyptus Leaves, T<sub>5</sub>— Turmeric Leaves, T<sub>6</sub>—Khoksha Leaves, T<sub>7</sub>—Papaya leaves, T<sub>8</sub>-Gurlic Bulb, T<sub>9</sub>—Chili dust, T<sub>10</sub>—Nigella seeds, T<sub>11</sub>—Turmeric dust, T<sub>12</sub>—Cloves, T<sub>13</sub>— Bohera fruits, T<sub>14</sub>—Black pepper and T<sub>15</sub>—Neem leaves. After 15 days of inoculation of Bipolaris sorokiniana, colony color and shapes were Gerrish blackish, greenish blackish, greyish blackish and shapes were round or irregular. In our study, conidia color was dark brown to light brown, conidiophore color was brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark olivaceous, light brown and conidia shapes were elliptical, oblong or slightly curved. The septation of conidia was 2 - 5 and highest septation was seen in T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>14</sub> treatments. The highest conidial length was 17.79 μm recorded in T<sub>2</sub> treatment and lowest was 6.62 μm T<sub>9</sub> treatment where conidial breath was 8.27 μm in control and lowest was 3.79 μm in T<sub>8</sub> treatment. Mycelial growth rate of Bipolaris sorokiniana was different in different treatments in different days after inoculation (DAI) where at 7 DAI, % reduction of mycelial growth over control was highest in Bohera and Neem Leaves treatments respectively.展开更多
Late blight caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> <i>infestans</i> (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extrac...Late blight caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> <i>infestans</i> (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extracts against the late blight disease incidence and severity in experimental potato field at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during 2019-2020. Crude aqueous extract of leaves of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i>, <i>Psidium</i> <i>guajava</i>, <i>Eucalyptus</i> <i>globusus</i>, <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i> and <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i>;fruits of <i>Terminalia</i> <i>bellirica</i>, <i>T.</i> <i>chebula</i> and <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>;flower buds of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and cloves of <i>Allium</i> <i>sativum</i> were used at 5% (w/v) concentration for evaluation. Out of ten botanicals, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> leaves extract was found most effective in controlling the late blight disease incidence and severity up to 66 DAS (days after sowing) and increased the potato yield by 71.29% compare to untreated control. The efficacy of <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i> extract against late blight disease was found promising and increased the potato yield by 48.51%. Other four botanical extracts (<i>Terminalia</i> <i>chebula</i>, <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i>) showed moderate efficacy <span>against the incidence and severity of late blight disease, and increased 30% </span>more potato yield compare to control. These results suggest that botanical extract of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> ha<span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> a great potential as an alternative </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> chemical fungicides to control the late blight disease of potato in</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">eco-friendly way.</span>展开更多
The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to in...The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the influences of calcium and mulching practices on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The trials comprised three factors: 1) three tomato varieties viz, BARI F1Tomato-5, BARI F1Tomato-6 and BARI F1Tomato-7;2) four levels of calcium (Ca) treatment (40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) and 3) mulching practices. Results of the experiment revealed that fresh yield of tomato was significantly increased by applying mulching practices due to conservation of soil moisture by mulches and therefore, reduced Ca-deficiency symptoms. The highest number of fruits per plant and fresh yield were obtained from the variety BARI F1Tomato-5. The same trend of yield and yield contributing parameters were likely to be better by using T3?treatment (80 ppm) than those of other treatments. In contrast, BARI F1Tomato-7 variety in control treatment without mulching practice gave poor quality and yield of tomato. Results suggested that BARI F1Tomato-5 variety receiving 80 ppm calcium treatment with mulching condition exposed better quality, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato. However, the T3?treatment (80 ppm) with mulching would be recommended as the best combination to grow BARI F1Tomato-5 for the farmers in Bangladesh.展开更多
Analytical investigation on a combined heat and mass transfer of air flow near a continuously moving infinite plate with a constant heat sink is performed in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. To observe the th...Analytical investigation on a combined heat and mass transfer of air flow near a continuously moving infinite plate with a constant heat sink is performed in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. To observe the thermal radiation and Soret effect on the flow, thermal radiation and thermal diffusion term are added in energy and concentration equations. A flow of model is established by employing the well known boundary layer approximations. In order to obtain non-dimensional system of equations, a similarity transformation is applied on the flow model. Perturbation technique is used as main tool for the analytical approach. The numerical values of flow variables are computed by a FORTRAN program. The obtain numerical values of fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are drawn for the different values of various parameters. To observe the effects of various parameters on the flow variables, the results are discussed in detailed with the help of graph.展开更多
This paper proposes a hexagonal photonic crystal fiber （H-PCF） structure with high relative sensitivity for liquid sensing; in which both core and cladding are microstructures. Numerical investigation is carried out...This paper proposes a hexagonal photonic crystal fiber （H-PCF） structure with high relative sensitivity for liquid sensing; in which both core and cladding are microstructures. Numerical investigation is carried out by employing the full vectorial finite element method （FEM）. The analysis has been done in four stages of the proposed structure. The investigation shows that the proposed structure achieves higher relative sensitivity by increasing the diameter of the innermost ring air holes in the cladding. Moreover, placing a single channel instead of using a group of tiny channels increases the relative sensitivity effectively. Investigating the effects of different parameters, the optimized structure shows significantly higher relative sensitivity with a low confinement loss.展开更多
文摘The investigation was carried out in focusing the genetic variability for different traits of wheat influenced by heat tolerance mechanism to find out relationships among phenological, physiological and yield contributing traits. Spring wheat cultivar of 25 genotypes were selected and cultivated under late sowing condition at the Regional Wheat Research Institute, Shympur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December, 2016 to April, 2017. Significant variability among the genotypes exposed for different traits related to heat tolerance. Results showed that the genotypes G24, G10, G01, G13, G16, G25 and G14 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ranked as better category considering maximum number of traits in mean</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> performance indicating their tolerance to heat stress under late sowing condition. Phenotypic variances (<i>σ<sub>g</sub><sup style="margin-left:-6px;">2</sup></i>) of all traits were greater than those of genotypic variances (<i>σ<sub>g</sub><sup style="margin-left:-6px;">2</sup></i>). The same trends were also found in their co-efficient of variances. The phenotypic co-efficient of variances (PCV) of all traits were greater compare to those of genotypic co-efficient of variances (GCV) and their values were closer to each other. The heading days (HD), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vg</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), canopy temperature at grain filling stage </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gf</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), biomass, plant height (PH), spike/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (SPM), spikelet/spike (SPS), </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grain/</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spike (GPS), thousand grain weight (TGW) and yield exhibited higher heritability (<i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h<sub>b</sub><sup style="margin-left:-6px;">2</sup></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i>) estimated under irrigated late sowing (ILS) condition. Under the same ILS condition SPAD, SPM, SPS, GPS, TGW and yield showed moderate to high genetic advance (GA) obtained through computing their mean percentage (%) and the rest traits HD, maturity days (MD), CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vg</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, CT</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gf</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, biomass, PH and harvest index (HI) exposed smaller genetic advance (% mean). The co-efficient of variation (CV%) of all attributes in all genotypes were significantly lower (1.36</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 6.96). Both heritability and genetic advance were found lower for MD, SPAD and HI indicated their non additive genetic effects for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which these traits might not be recommended for selection. However, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spike/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spikelet/spike, grain/spike, thousand grain weight and yield belonged to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher heritability and high to moderate genetic advance in mean percentage (%) along with wide genetic variation and lower environmental influence in heat stress situation indicated the most likely heritability due to the effects of additive genes that might be suggested as effective process of selection for these traits in heat stress condition.
文摘Wildfire is closely associated with human society and having its effect on earth as well as on its environment for more than 350 million years. It is a very common phenomenon from the ancient period, has hazardous effects on both environment and human life. This study mainly focuses on the review of wildfire of Australia during 2019-2020 regarding its distribution, status of fatality influences on different environmental factors, consequences and some proposals for its mitigation. In this review paper, a modified edition of the principled review methodology was followed in compiling the most reliable data to support the bushfire in Australia belonging to its causes of occurrences and impacts. The bushfire was started in mid-June in 2019, and it is still now burning in hundreds of places of different parts of Australia, and the forest of New South Wales, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland and Victoria were being burnt deadly. The accumulating data exposed the year 2019 as the driest and warmest year with lowest rainfall that might be the potential causes of bushfires in Australia. Moreover, maximum forest land of Australia is covered by naturally grown Eucalyptus trees which are generally flammable and supply oil type fuel during bushfires. Bushfire deteriorates the quality of soil, water and air of the locality up to many hundreds or thousands of kilometers away in increasing the emission of toxic substances and carbon rate. Around more than 3 billion native vertebrates, 143 million mammals, 2.46 billion reptiles, 181 million birds, 51 million frogs were burnt out by bushfires of 2020 in Australia. More than US$110 billion financial loss has been determined due to this fire of Australia. In some cases, it is also helpful for forest land. Sometimes it helps to continue the forest ecosystem by burning unwanted plants, animals and microscopic compounds. To reduce the hazard needs proper land regulation, combination of social governance, sufficient funding, permanent vigilance of all sides are the partial solutions. However, the research helps to find out an overall idea to explore the devastating nature of bushfires, the actual causes of occurrences and recommendations for mitigation of bushfires in Australia as well as assisting researchers those willing for further scientific study. It was also mentioned some effective prologues to reduce the hazardous effects and find some ways to overcome such destructive disaster.
文摘The field experiment cultivating wheat during the winter season from November 2014 to March 2015 was conducted in the “North Eastern Barind Tract Soils” at Kushadaha, Nawabganj, Dinajpur in Bangladesh. The wheat variety BARI Gom 26 was selected in focusing to evaluate the effects of organic amendments using poultry manure (PM) and cow dung (CD) on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by the plant. The texture of the field soil was clay with acidic nature (pH 5.61). The trials comprise three treatments following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Results showed that significantly greater plant height, number of tillers per hill and straw yield were 98.10 cm, 3.66 and 5425 kg/ha respectively in receiving the treatment T<sub>2</sub> than T<sub>3</sub> (95.66 cm, 3.38 and 4483 kg/ha) and T<sub>1</sub> (control). Spike length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were 9.23 cm, 39.81 kg/ha and 3100 kg/ha respectively also higher in T<sub>2</sub> treatment than T<sub>3</sub> (8.76 cm, 38.51 kg/ha, 3091 kg/ha) with no statistical differences among them. Therefore, the treatment T<sub>2</sub> (PM) comprised of poultry manure and NPK exhibited as the best treatment for producing the highest in all growth and yield parameters of wheat. In wheat grain, the content of N, P, K, S, Mg, Zn and B ranged from 1.080% to 1.380% N, 0.390% to 0.398% P, 0.780% to 0.840% K, 0.079% to 0.111% S, 0.181% to 0.187% Mg, 25.56 to 29.77 ppm Zn and 10.12 to 12.54 ppm B. Similarly in straw, nutrients content ranged from 0.220 to 0.300% N, 0.045% to 0.074% P, 0.970% to 1.250% K, 0.152% to 0.191% S, 0.097% to 0.101% Mg, 10.78 to 13.23 ppm Zn and 27.98 to 2989 ppm B. Therefore, organic amendment with 5-ton cow dung (CD) ha<sup>-1</sup> with a recommended dose of NPK significantly increased the content of N, S, Mg, Zn and B in the grain and straw of wheat. Alternatively, the poultry manure treatment with NPK significantly increased the content of P and K in the grain and straw of wheat. However, results revealed that the treatments T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> comprising a recommended dose of NPK with poultry manure and cow dung respectively could increase the content of N, P, K, S, Mg, Zn and B in wheat. The overall results expressed that the poultry manure treatment with NPK (T<sub>2</sub>) exposed as superior for producing the top growth and yield attributes of wheat in the studied area.
文摘A wheat variety BARI Gom 26 was cultivated with an objective of evaluating the effects of macro/secondary nutrients as S and Mg, and micro nutrients as B and Zn on yield, yield contributing traits and nutrient uptake status by the crop. The field experiment was con-ducted in the “North Eastern Barind Tract Soils” at Kushadaha, Nawabganj, Dinajpur, Bangladesh from November, 2014 to March, 2015. The surface soil was clay in texture, having pH 5.61, organic matter 1.58%, total N 0.10%, available P 7.03 ppm, exchangeable K 0.11 meq/100g, available S 2.57 ppm, exchangeable Mg 0.55 meq/100g, available Zn 1.30 ppm, available B 0.08 ppm. The experiment was designed with five treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: NPK (control), T2: NPK + S, T3: NPK + S + Mg, T4: NPK + S + Mg + Zn and T5: NPK + S + Mg + Zn + B. All plots of wheat received 100 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha and 70 kg K/ha as basal dose. The secondary and micro nutrients doses were 15 kg S/ha, 6 kg Mg/ha, 2.5 kg Zn/ha and 1.5 kg B/ha. Results revealed that the plant height, tillers/hill, 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw, uptake of some specific nutrients in grain and straw were signifi-cantly influenced by all the treatments, though these treatments did not show any identical effect on spike length, content of P and Mg in wheat. Significantly highest amount of 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw weight of wheat were obtained in applying T2 treatment that employed the addition of S with recommended dose of NPK. Significant positive effects were also observed for the rest parameters in receiving the treatments composed of secondary and micronutrients (T3, T4, and T5). The highest concentration of nutrient uptake N, P, K and S in grain and straw of wheat were also obtained due to the application of T2 treatment. In the case of Mg, the maximum uptake was recorded in T4 where Mg was added as a component of this treatment. In contrast, the highest content of Zn and B were extracted in receiving the treatment T5 both for grain and straw. However, results suggested that T2 treatment comprising recommended dose of NPK with S might be economic and suitable as for better production of 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw, uptake of N, P, K and S in grain and straw of wheat cultivated in the North Eastern Barind Tract Soils of Bangladesh under winter condition. The treatment T5 would also be recommended in the context of addition of micronutrients.
文摘The research work was undertaken to identify the extent of genetic diversity in different parameters of wheat related to heat tolerance mechanism. Performances of currently available 25 spring wheat genotypes were studied at the Regional Wheat Research Institute, Shyampur, Rajshahi during the winter season of 2016/2017. All these genotypes (25) were grouped into five clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical clustering parameters viz. cluster I (G2, G5, G6, G16, G20), II (G4, G7, G9, G11, G12, G17), III (G10, G24), IV (G1, G13, G19, G21) and V (G3, G8, G14, G15, G18, G22, G23, G25). These groups were arranged into five (5) pairs of clusters viz. cluster I and III;II and III;II and V;III and IV;IV and V considering their similar potentiality of different traits. Results revealed that the maximum number of genotypes (8) was found in cluster V while cluster III comprised minimum genotypes (2). The inter-cluster distance was higher than intra-cluster distances. The highest and second highest eigenvalues belonged to spike/m<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (25.23%) and spikelets/spike (20.18%) respectively, along with positive canonical values in both the vectors 1 and 2 for these two traits identified them as major traits by exposing their highest potential toward genetic divergence. Cluster III produced the highest spike/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (388.8), grain/spike (48.1), plant height (89.5 cm), SPAD (54.2), yield (2799 kg/ha) and biomass (7758.1 Kg/ha) with lowest heading days (64.7 days), maturity days (98.7 days), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (21.7°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and canopy temperature at grain filling stage (22.4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). In contrast, cluster V produced the lowest 1000-grain weight (30.4 g</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and grain yield (2172 kg/ha) belonging to the highest canopy temperature at both stages (23.8°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 24.7</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">However, results suggested that the genotypes G10 and G24 under the cluster III, and genotypes G01, G13, G19 and G21 under the cluster IV could be considered as parents for future hybridization program, as well as the five pairs of clusters viz. cluster I and III;II and III;II and V;III and IV;IV and V might be matched as considered for getting more heterotic F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The results of the study would help to identify the divergent genotypes associate with heat tolerance and this might be helpful in designing future breeding program.</span></span>
文摘Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tuberization and field evaluation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum tuberosum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 day old field</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.1</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KI</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best for </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary establishment of meristem culture. The primar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ily</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> established meristems were subcultured on to MS semisolid basal medium supplemented with four different treatment combinations of hormones viz. 0.5 mg/L BA</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+ 1.0 mg/L IBA;0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used to identify the suitable media compositions for shoot proliferation. Results showed that out of these four media treatments the formulation 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best suitable for shoot generation. Among the four cultivars of potato higher frequency of shoot proliferation (number of shoots/explant and longest shoot length) was observed in Diamant, though the highest shoot formation (76%) was recorded in Cardinal. Virus free </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grown potato plantlets were ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained through DAS-ELISA test and used substantially for m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">icro-propagation. After gradual acclimatization of rooted plantlets of four potato cultivars</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> they were transferred into the field for cultivation and established successfully. It was observed from the field study of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meristem-derived plantlets that there were no virus-affected plants. The virus-free exotic varieties were much superior in all vegetative attributes and yield compare</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to those of indigenous varieties with producing potato plants of normal height. In contrast, the indigenous varieties took </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longer time to tuber initiation and maturity, lower plant height and number of leaves per plant, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher number of tubers but </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower amount of tuber weight per plant, and poorer tuber grade than the exotic varieties. However, the variety Cardinal exposed the best performances in the context of survival percentage of plantlets (90%), days to tuber initiation (DTI), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">number of leaves per plant (NL), tuber weight per plant (343.40%) and the percentage of rich tuber grade.</span>
文摘Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the host plant and environmental conditions. The conidia of Bs germinate from two poles, which differ physiologically as indicated by the rate, growth character, of length, breadth and number of septa on different media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected plant extracts on the morphology and cultural characteristics of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana causing black point disease in wheat crops in Bangladesh. The efficacy of fifteen plant extracts on the growth and characteristics of Bs was conducted in vitro in 2019-2020. The treatments were: Untreated control, T<sub>1</sub>—Black berry Leaves, T<sub>2</sub>—Guava Leaves, T<sub>3</sub>—Lantena camera leaves, T<sub>4</sub>—Eucalyptus Leaves, T<sub>5</sub>— Turmeric Leaves, T<sub>6</sub>—Khoksha Leaves, T<sub>7</sub>—Papaya leaves, T<sub>8</sub>-Gurlic Bulb, T<sub>9</sub>—Chili dust, T<sub>10</sub>—Nigella seeds, T<sub>11</sub>—Turmeric dust, T<sub>12</sub>—Cloves, T<sub>13</sub>— Bohera fruits, T<sub>14</sub>—Black pepper and T<sub>15</sub>—Neem leaves. After 15 days of inoculation of Bipolaris sorokiniana, colony color and shapes were Gerrish blackish, greenish blackish, greyish blackish and shapes were round or irregular. In our study, conidia color was dark brown to light brown, conidiophore color was brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark olivaceous, light brown and conidia shapes were elliptical, oblong or slightly curved. The septation of conidia was 2 - 5 and highest septation was seen in T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>14</sub> treatments. The highest conidial length was 17.79 μm recorded in T<sub>2</sub> treatment and lowest was 6.62 μm T<sub>9</sub> treatment where conidial breath was 8.27 μm in control and lowest was 3.79 μm in T<sub>8</sub> treatment. Mycelial growth rate of Bipolaris sorokiniana was different in different treatments in different days after inoculation (DAI) where at 7 DAI, % reduction of mycelial growth over control was highest in Bohera and Neem Leaves treatments respectively.
文摘Late blight caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> <i>infestans</i> (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extracts against the late blight disease incidence and severity in experimental potato field at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during 2019-2020. Crude aqueous extract of leaves of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i>, <i>Psidium</i> <i>guajava</i>, <i>Eucalyptus</i> <i>globusus</i>, <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i> and <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i>;fruits of <i>Terminalia</i> <i>bellirica</i>, <i>T.</i> <i>chebula</i> and <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>;flower buds of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and cloves of <i>Allium</i> <i>sativum</i> were used at 5% (w/v) concentration for evaluation. Out of ten botanicals, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> leaves extract was found most effective in controlling the late blight disease incidence and severity up to 66 DAS (days after sowing) and increased the potato yield by 71.29% compare to untreated control. The efficacy of <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i> extract against late blight disease was found promising and increased the potato yield by 48.51%. Other four botanical extracts (<i>Terminalia</i> <i>chebula</i>, <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i>) showed moderate efficacy <span>against the incidence and severity of late blight disease, and increased 30% </span>more potato yield compare to control. These results suggest that botanical extract of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> ha<span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> a great potential as an alternative </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> chemical fungicides to control the late blight disease of potato in</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">eco-friendly way.</span>
文摘The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the influences of calcium and mulching practices on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The trials comprised three factors: 1) three tomato varieties viz, BARI F1Tomato-5, BARI F1Tomato-6 and BARI F1Tomato-7;2) four levels of calcium (Ca) treatment (40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) and 3) mulching practices. Results of the experiment revealed that fresh yield of tomato was significantly increased by applying mulching practices due to conservation of soil moisture by mulches and therefore, reduced Ca-deficiency symptoms. The highest number of fruits per plant and fresh yield were obtained from the variety BARI F1Tomato-5. The same trend of yield and yield contributing parameters were likely to be better by using T3?treatment (80 ppm) than those of other treatments. In contrast, BARI F1Tomato-7 variety in control treatment without mulching practice gave poor quality and yield of tomato. Results suggested that BARI F1Tomato-5 variety receiving 80 ppm calcium treatment with mulching condition exposed better quality, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato. However, the T3?treatment (80 ppm) with mulching would be recommended as the best combination to grow BARI F1Tomato-5 for the farmers in Bangladesh.
文摘Analytical investigation on a combined heat and mass transfer of air flow near a continuously moving infinite plate with a constant heat sink is performed in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. To observe the thermal radiation and Soret effect on the flow, thermal radiation and thermal diffusion term are added in energy and concentration equations. A flow of model is established by employing the well known boundary layer approximations. In order to obtain non-dimensional system of equations, a similarity transformation is applied on the flow model. Perturbation technique is used as main tool for the analytical approach. The numerical values of flow variables are computed by a FORTRAN program. The obtain numerical values of fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are drawn for the different values of various parameters. To observe the effects of various parameters on the flow variables, the results are discussed in detailed with the help of graph.
文摘This paper proposes a hexagonal photonic crystal fiber （H-PCF） structure with high relative sensitivity for liquid sensing; in which both core and cladding are microstructures. Numerical investigation is carried out by employing the full vectorial finite element method （FEM）. The analysis has been done in four stages of the proposed structure. The investigation shows that the proposed structure achieves higher relative sensitivity by increasing the diameter of the innermost ring air holes in the cladding. Moreover, placing a single channel instead of using a group of tiny channels increases the relative sensitivity effectively. Investigating the effects of different parameters, the optimized structure shows significantly higher relative sensitivity with a low confinement loss.
