BACKGROUND Efruxifermin(EFX),a fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue,has demonstrated the potential to improve liver fat and markers of liver injury,fibrosis,and key metabolic biomarkers in individuals with metabolic d...BACKGROUND Efruxifermin(EFX),a fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue,has demonstrated the potential to improve liver fat and markers of liver injury,fibrosis,and key metabolic biomarkers in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)in phase 2 clinical trials.AIM To summarize the safety and effectiveness of EFX in managing MASH.METHODS Electronic databases and registries were systematically searched from their inception to May 15,2025,for randomized-controlled trials(RCTs)that included EFX in the intervention arm and placebo in the control arm in individuals with MASH.The primary outcome was the safety of EFX,while additional outcomes included its efficacy in altering hepatic and metabolic parameters.Meta-analyses were conducted using the RevMan web computer program with the random-effects model.RESULTS Four phase 2 RCTs(five reports),mostly with low risk of bias,involving 450 subjects,were analyzed.Compared to the placebo,EFX 50 mg was associated with higher risks of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)[risk ratio(RR)=1.05],TEAEs leading to discontinuation(RR=3.05),nausea(RR=1.78),and diarrhea(RR=1.9).EFX 28 mg increased risks of vomiting(RR=2.17)and frequent bowel movements(RR=8.98).Both doses of EFX were associated with higher risks of drug-related TEAEs(28 mg:RR=1.45;50 mg:RR=1.67)and increased appetite(28 mg:RR=3.16;50 mg:RR=5.66).EFX(28 and 50 mg)and placebo exhibited identical risks for severe TEAEs,serious AEs,abdominal pain,fatigue,headache,injection site erythema,and injection site reactions.EFX(28 and 50 mg)was associated with improvements in hepatic safety outcomes,including liver enzymes and urate levels.EFX outperformed the placebo in both relative and absolute reductions in hepatic fat fraction.Reductions in enhanced liver fibrosis score,Pro-C3,and liver stiffness were also more robust with EFX.EFX was superior in terms of MASH resolution and improvement in fibrosis stage,MASH resolution and no worsening of the fibrosis stage,and fibrosis regression by≥1 stage and no worsening in steatohepatitis.Furthermore,EFX also improved metabolic parameters,including reductions in HbA1c and insulin resistance,as well as improvements in adiponectin and lipid parameters.CONCLUSION EFX demonstrates promising dual efficacy on liver histology and metabolic markers in MASH.However,gastrointestinal side effects and the need for parenteral administration require caution.Long-term data are still necessary to fully evaluate safety and long-term effectiveness.展开更多
As a main feature of plant autotrophy, assimilation of inorganic nitrogen (N) is not only of fundamental interest to the crop, but also a crucial factor in crop productivity. N is the main plant mineral nutrient neede...As a main feature of plant autotrophy, assimilation of inorganic nitrogen (N) is not only of fundamental interest to the crop, but also a crucial factor in crop productivity. N is the main plant mineral nutrient needed for chlorophyll production and other plant cell components (proteins, nucleic acids and amino acids). I highlighted the novel aspects of N responsive sensors, transporters and signaling molecules recently identified in the monocot rice plant, and discussed their potential roles in N sensing and transporting. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, N sensing has been shown to be affected by different external factors, which act as local signals to trigger systemic signaling coordinated by long-distance transport or mobile signals in plant body. Understanding of this complex regulatory network provides a foundation mechanism for the development of novel strategies to increase the acquisition and transportation efficiency of nitrogen under varying N conditions for rice production.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole Leucas aspera(Labiatae)(L.aspera)alcoholic extract.Methods:Whole L.aspera powder was extracted by absolute ethanol(99.50%).The eth...Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole Leucas aspera(Labiatae)(L.aspera)alcoholic extract.Methods:Whole L.aspera powder was extracted by absolute ethanol(99.50%).The ethanolic extract was subjected to antioxidant,antibacterial and brine shrimp lethality assay.Results:The extract showed potent radical scavenging effect(antioxidant)with IC_(50)value of(99.58±1.22)μg/mL which was significant(P<0.01)in comparison to ascorbic acid with IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.95)μg/mL.In case of antibacterial screening,the extract showed notable antibacterial effect against the tested microbial strains.Significant(P<0.05)zone of inhibitions against Gram positive Bacillus subtilis[(12.00±1.32)mm]and Bacillus megaterium[(13.00±1.50)mm],Staphylococcus aureus[(8.00±0.50)mm]and Gram negative Salmonella typhi[(6.00±0.50)mm],Salmonella paratyphi[(8.00±1.00)mm],Shigella dysenteriae[(9.00±1.32)mm]and Vibrio cholerae[(9.00±0.66)mm]was observed.In brine shrimp lethality bioassay,the extract showed the LC_(50)value as(181.68±2.15)μg/mL which was statistically significant(P<0.01)compared to positive control vincristine sulfate[LC_(50)=(0.76±0.04)μg/mL].Conclusions:The results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of L.aspera could be used as antibacterial,pesticidal and various pharmacologic actives.展开更多
The study was conducted to characterize and perform laboratory-scale treatment of municipal drainage wastewater of Khulna, Bangladesh. Wastewater samples were collected from three different points of existing urban dr...The study was conducted to characterize and perform laboratory-scale treatment of municipal drainage wastewater of Khulna, Bangladesh. Wastewater samples were collected from three different points of existing urban drain outlets into the Mayur River around Khulna. Laboratory testing shows the BOD5 and COD concentration of wastewater samples varied from 57 - 226 mg/l and 320 - 435 mg/l, respectively, and the total dissolved solids ranged from 1800 - 2525 mg/l. Therefore, a laboratory-scale treatment technology was developed to treat this wastewater. Treatment technologies adopted were primary sedimentation, followed by aeration, chemical precipitation and filtration. In treated wastewater, BOD5, COD and TDS were found to be in the range of 40 - 115 mg/l, 160 - 256 mg/l and 1356 - 1500 mg/l, respectively. These test results suggest that the performance of laboratory-scale treatment plant was not adequate to fulfil the acceptable limit (ECR’97) for safe disposal into surface water bodies. Due to poor quality of effluents, modification of laboratory-scale treatment plant was made by an activated sludge process followed by granular media filtration. The final BOD5, COD TDS and TSS concentration of effluents was found to be 1.38 - 9.8 mg/l, 32 - 192 mg/l, 590 - 1667 mg/l, and 35 - 95 mg/l respectively, which satisfy ECR’97 standard limits for safe disposal into inland water bodies.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Efruxifermin(EFX),a fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue,has demonstrated the potential to improve liver fat and markers of liver injury,fibrosis,and key metabolic biomarkers in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)in phase 2 clinical trials.AIM To summarize the safety and effectiveness of EFX in managing MASH.METHODS Electronic databases and registries were systematically searched from their inception to May 15,2025,for randomized-controlled trials(RCTs)that included EFX in the intervention arm and placebo in the control arm in individuals with MASH.The primary outcome was the safety of EFX,while additional outcomes included its efficacy in altering hepatic and metabolic parameters.Meta-analyses were conducted using the RevMan web computer program with the random-effects model.RESULTS Four phase 2 RCTs(five reports),mostly with low risk of bias,involving 450 subjects,were analyzed.Compared to the placebo,EFX 50 mg was associated with higher risks of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)[risk ratio(RR)=1.05],TEAEs leading to discontinuation(RR=3.05),nausea(RR=1.78),and diarrhea(RR=1.9).EFX 28 mg increased risks of vomiting(RR=2.17)and frequent bowel movements(RR=8.98).Both doses of EFX were associated with higher risks of drug-related TEAEs(28 mg:RR=1.45;50 mg:RR=1.67)and increased appetite(28 mg:RR=3.16;50 mg:RR=5.66).EFX(28 and 50 mg)and placebo exhibited identical risks for severe TEAEs,serious AEs,abdominal pain,fatigue,headache,injection site erythema,and injection site reactions.EFX(28 and 50 mg)was associated with improvements in hepatic safety outcomes,including liver enzymes and urate levels.EFX outperformed the placebo in both relative and absolute reductions in hepatic fat fraction.Reductions in enhanced liver fibrosis score,Pro-C3,and liver stiffness were also more robust with EFX.EFX was superior in terms of MASH resolution and improvement in fibrosis stage,MASH resolution and no worsening of the fibrosis stage,and fibrosis regression by≥1 stage and no worsening in steatohepatitis.Furthermore,EFX also improved metabolic parameters,including reductions in HbA1c and insulin resistance,as well as improvements in adiponectin and lipid parameters.CONCLUSION EFX demonstrates promising dual efficacy on liver histology and metabolic markers in MASH.However,gastrointestinal side effects and the need for parenteral administration require caution.Long-term data are still necessary to fully evaluate safety and long-term effectiveness.
基金financial support from the Research and Training Center(RTC)at Patuakhali Science and Technology University(PSTU)Dumki,Patuakhali-8602,Bangladesh(Grant No.4829)Research Collaboration Fund provided by the University Grants Commission,Bangladesh
文摘As a main feature of plant autotrophy, assimilation of inorganic nitrogen (N) is not only of fundamental interest to the crop, but also a crucial factor in crop productivity. N is the main plant mineral nutrient needed for chlorophyll production and other plant cell components (proteins, nucleic acids and amino acids). I highlighted the novel aspects of N responsive sensors, transporters and signaling molecules recently identified in the monocot rice plant, and discussed their potential roles in N sensing and transporting. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, N sensing has been shown to be affected by different external factors, which act as local signals to trigger systemic signaling coordinated by long-distance transport or mobile signals in plant body. Understanding of this complex regulatory network provides a foundation mechanism for the development of novel strategies to increase the acquisition and transportation efficiency of nitrogen under varying N conditions for rice production.
基金Supported by Chittagong University Research Cell(Ref No.5194/Res/Dir/CU/2011)
文摘Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole Leucas aspera(Labiatae)(L.aspera)alcoholic extract.Methods:Whole L.aspera powder was extracted by absolute ethanol(99.50%).The ethanolic extract was subjected to antioxidant,antibacterial and brine shrimp lethality assay.Results:The extract showed potent radical scavenging effect(antioxidant)with IC_(50)value of(99.58±1.22)μg/mL which was significant(P<0.01)in comparison to ascorbic acid with IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.95)μg/mL.In case of antibacterial screening,the extract showed notable antibacterial effect against the tested microbial strains.Significant(P<0.05)zone of inhibitions against Gram positive Bacillus subtilis[(12.00±1.32)mm]and Bacillus megaterium[(13.00±1.50)mm],Staphylococcus aureus[(8.00±0.50)mm]and Gram negative Salmonella typhi[(6.00±0.50)mm],Salmonella paratyphi[(8.00±1.00)mm],Shigella dysenteriae[(9.00±1.32)mm]and Vibrio cholerae[(9.00±0.66)mm]was observed.In brine shrimp lethality bioassay,the extract showed the LC_(50)value as(181.68±2.15)μg/mL which was statistically significant(P<0.01)compared to positive control vincristine sulfate[LC_(50)=(0.76±0.04)μg/mL].Conclusions:The results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of L.aspera could be used as antibacterial,pesticidal and various pharmacologic actives.
文摘The study was conducted to characterize and perform laboratory-scale treatment of municipal drainage wastewater of Khulna, Bangladesh. Wastewater samples were collected from three different points of existing urban drain outlets into the Mayur River around Khulna. Laboratory testing shows the BOD5 and COD concentration of wastewater samples varied from 57 - 226 mg/l and 320 - 435 mg/l, respectively, and the total dissolved solids ranged from 1800 - 2525 mg/l. Therefore, a laboratory-scale treatment technology was developed to treat this wastewater. Treatment technologies adopted were primary sedimentation, followed by aeration, chemical precipitation and filtration. In treated wastewater, BOD5, COD and TDS were found to be in the range of 40 - 115 mg/l, 160 - 256 mg/l and 1356 - 1500 mg/l, respectively. These test results suggest that the performance of laboratory-scale treatment plant was not adequate to fulfil the acceptable limit (ECR’97) for safe disposal into surface water bodies. Due to poor quality of effluents, modification of laboratory-scale treatment plant was made by an activated sludge process followed by granular media filtration. The final BOD5, COD TDS and TSS concentration of effluents was found to be 1.38 - 9.8 mg/l, 32 - 192 mg/l, 590 - 1667 mg/l, and 35 - 95 mg/l respectively, which satisfy ECR’97 standard limits for safe disposal into inland water bodies.
