Several research studies have proven that eliciting and predicting the impact of human activity on ecosystem services will be crucial to support stakeholders’ awareness and to decide how to interact with the environm...Several research studies have proven that eliciting and predicting the impact of human activity on ecosystem services will be crucial to support stakeholders’ awareness and to decide how to interact with the environment in a more sustainable manner. In this sense, the ecosystems known as road verges are particularly important because of their length and surface at an international scale, and their role in mitigating the damage done by roads. Plant pollination by insects is one of the most important ecosystem services. Because of its nature and the fact that they extend across a variety of landscapes, roadside can contribute to the maintenance of healthy ecosystems, under the condition of adapted management practices. This research is the first attempt to develop a System Dynamics-based aiming to estimate the ecological and economic impact of maintenance on the road verge pollination service in France. Maintenance strategies of road verges are simulated to compare their performance. The results show that there are ways to improve current maintenance strategies in terms of pollination value, but also that the model needs to consider other ecosystem services and synergistic effects that could further affect pollination to obtain more accurate estimations.展开更多
This paper presents the implementation of two multicriteria optimization methods based on different approaches, namely, Rough Set Method (RSM) and Net Flow Method (NFM), to the manufacture by reactive extrusion of lin...This paper presents the implementation of two multicriteria optimization methods based on different approaches, namely, Rough Set Method (RSM) and Net Flow Method (NFM), to the manufacture by reactive extrusion of linear thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), appropriate for medical applications. A preliminary study allowed determining the process operating conditions for which the polymerization time and the average residence time of the reactants in the extruder are of the same order of magnitude. Prior to the optimization, a neural network model able to predict with acceptable accuracy the effect of the operating conditions on the output process variables, was constructed and validated. This model was then used to determine, using Pareto’s concept, a set of non-dominated solutions constituting Pareto’s domain. These solutions were then ranked according to the preferences of a decision maker using NFM and RSM. This allowed providing the 10% highest ranked solutions of Pareto’s domain and proposing a set of optimal operating conditions for the production, with the lowest energy consumption, of TPUs with targeted properties and high purity. Experimental validation runs carried out under similar operating conditions gave rise to criteria values confirming the su- perior performance of NFM, without rejecting, at the same time, the values obtained using RSM.展开更多
Background The evolution of product expectations in the era of mass personalization implies an improvement and a better control of individualized creation and production processes throughout the product lifecycle.The ...Background The evolution of product expectations in the era of mass personalization implies an improvement and a better control of individualized creation and production processes throughout the product lifecycle.The application of the digital twin seems to be a favoured solution in this context,but its study during the lifecycle of a product has only been partially evoked in the literature.Methods The purpose of this research is to identify the leverages and barriers to support the digital twin diffusion in the manufacturing industry from a technological,operational,and social standpoint.To determine these elements,this paper will identify current digital twins applications in the literature under two main dimensions:the type of digital twin,and its applications along the product lifecycle.To achieve this analysis a systematic literature review was carried out.The publications selection was based on the presence in these of a case of application of a digital twin with a focus in the Manufacturing sector.Within this review,188 scientific papers were comprehensively compiled and analyzed.Results Results showed that although the term digital twin is widely used,the deployment of digital twin technologies in manufacturing is still at an early stage as most of the reported digital twin applications were in fact prototypes focused on the real-time observability of the physical system,either for optimization or predictive maintenance.Moreover,regarding the product lifecycle,most of the applications have been focused on the production and operational phases whereas those at the design and disposal phases are still limited.Conclusions This paper presents an original approach to the study of digital twins,focusing simultaneously on the type of digital twin,the application area and the lifecycle phase.Under the basis of the obtained results,future perspectives on the use of digital twins along the lifecycle are proposed.展开更多
文摘Several research studies have proven that eliciting and predicting the impact of human activity on ecosystem services will be crucial to support stakeholders’ awareness and to decide how to interact with the environment in a more sustainable manner. In this sense, the ecosystems known as road verges are particularly important because of their length and surface at an international scale, and their role in mitigating the damage done by roads. Plant pollination by insects is one of the most important ecosystem services. Because of its nature and the fact that they extend across a variety of landscapes, roadside can contribute to the maintenance of healthy ecosystems, under the condition of adapted management practices. This research is the first attempt to develop a System Dynamics-based aiming to estimate the ecological and economic impact of maintenance on the road verge pollination service in France. Maintenance strategies of road verges are simulated to compare their performance. The results show that there are ways to improve current maintenance strategies in terms of pollination value, but also that the model needs to consider other ecosystem services and synergistic effects that could further affect pollination to obtain more accurate estimations.
文摘This paper presents the implementation of two multicriteria optimization methods based on different approaches, namely, Rough Set Method (RSM) and Net Flow Method (NFM), to the manufacture by reactive extrusion of linear thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), appropriate for medical applications. A preliminary study allowed determining the process operating conditions for which the polymerization time and the average residence time of the reactants in the extruder are of the same order of magnitude. Prior to the optimization, a neural network model able to predict with acceptable accuracy the effect of the operating conditions on the output process variables, was constructed and validated. This model was then used to determine, using Pareto’s concept, a set of non-dominated solutions constituting Pareto’s domain. These solutions were then ranked according to the preferences of a decision maker using NFM and RSM. This allowed providing the 10% highest ranked solutions of Pareto’s domain and proposing a set of optimal operating conditions for the production, with the lowest energy consumption, of TPUs with targeted properties and high purity. Experimental validation runs carried out under similar operating conditions gave rise to criteria values confirming the su- perior performance of NFM, without rejecting, at the same time, the values obtained using RSM.
基金The work reported in this paper has been undertaken and funded as part of the H2020 INEDIT project(Project Grant Agreement N°869952).
文摘Background The evolution of product expectations in the era of mass personalization implies an improvement and a better control of individualized creation and production processes throughout the product lifecycle.The application of the digital twin seems to be a favoured solution in this context,but its study during the lifecycle of a product has only been partially evoked in the literature.Methods The purpose of this research is to identify the leverages and barriers to support the digital twin diffusion in the manufacturing industry from a technological,operational,and social standpoint.To determine these elements,this paper will identify current digital twins applications in the literature under two main dimensions:the type of digital twin,and its applications along the product lifecycle.To achieve this analysis a systematic literature review was carried out.The publications selection was based on the presence in these of a case of application of a digital twin with a focus in the Manufacturing sector.Within this review,188 scientific papers were comprehensively compiled and analyzed.Results Results showed that although the term digital twin is widely used,the deployment of digital twin technologies in manufacturing is still at an early stage as most of the reported digital twin applications were in fact prototypes focused on the real-time observability of the physical system,either for optimization or predictive maintenance.Moreover,regarding the product lifecycle,most of the applications have been focused on the production and operational phases whereas those at the design and disposal phases are still limited.Conclusions This paper presents an original approach to the study of digital twins,focusing simultaneously on the type of digital twin,the application area and the lifecycle phase.Under the basis of the obtained results,future perspectives on the use of digital twins along the lifecycle are proposed.
