Background: Isolated thoracolumbar vertebral transverse process fractures (TPF) are often considered a stable injury. However, the use of advanced imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and spine specialist consul...Background: Isolated thoracolumbar vertebral transverse process fractures (TPF) are often considered a stable injury. However, the use of advanced imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and spine specialist consultation are often ordered as part of the routine workup of these fractures. The routine ordering of advanced imaging, spine specialist consultation, and delayed mobilization causes unnecessary economic and clinical burdens to patients and the overall healthcare system. Purpose: To determine if a higher number of isolated TPFs (iTPFs) lead to an increase in ligamentous injury to the spine, and whether ligamentous injury—if present—requires surgical intervention. Methods: The retrospective review was performed from 2009 to 2015, using a surgical trauma database to identify patients with greater than 3 isolated TPF (iTPF) to determine if iTPF leads to an increase in ligamentous injury to the spine and if this increase leads to increased surgical intervention. Results: A total of 102 patients were identified with complete follow up at 6 - 8 weeks post injury. The majority of the included patients suffered from blunt trauma. There was a small rate of ligamentous injury (n = 7, 7%) that did not require additional treatment. None of the fractures included were considered unstable. None of the patients included required surgical intervention during their hospital visit or in follow up visits. Conclusion: iTPFs are a stable injury to the thoracolumbar spine. There is a small rate of associated ligamentous injury that does not change the management or require further interventions. Thoracolumbar iTPFs do not automatically need spine specialist consultation and advanced imaging techniques.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays),a major food crop worldwide,is susceptible to infection by the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus that can produce the carcinogenic metabolite aflatoxin(AF)especially under climate change induced ab...Maize(Zea mays),a major food crop worldwide,is susceptible to infection by the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus that can produce the carcinogenic metabolite aflatoxin(AF)especially under climate change induced abiotic stressors that favor mold growth.Several studies have used“-omics”approaches to identify genetic elements with potential roles in AF resistance,but there is a lack of research identifying the involvement of small RNAs such as microRNAs(miRNAs)in maize-A.flavus interaction.In this study,we compared the miRNA profiles of three maize lines(resistant TZAR102,moderately resistant MI82,and susceptible Va35)at 8 h,3 d,and 7 d after A.flavus infection to investigate possible regulatory antifungal role of miRNAs.A total of 316 miRNAs(275 known and 41 putative novel)belonging to 115 miRNA families were identified in response to the fungal infection across all three maize lines.Eighty-two unique miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed with 39 miRNAs exhibiting temporal differential regulation irrespective of the maize genotype,which targeted 544 genes(mRNAs)involved in diverse molecular functions.The two most notable biological processes involved in plant immunity,namely cellular responses to oxidative stress(GO:00345990)and reactive oxygen species(GO:0034614)were significantly enriched in the resistant line TZAR102.Coexpression network analysis identified 34 hubs of miRNA-mRNA pairs where nine hubs had a node in the module connected to their target gene with potentially important roles in resistance/susceptible response of maize to A.flavus.The miRNA hubs in resistance modules(TZAR102 and MI82)were mostly connected to transcription factors and protein kinases.Specifically,the module of miRNA zma-miR156b-nb-squamosa promoter binding protein(SBP),zma-miR398a-3p-SKIP5,and zma-miR394a-5p-F-box protein 6 combinations in the resistance-associated modules were considered important candidates for future functional studies.展开更多
文摘Background: Isolated thoracolumbar vertebral transverse process fractures (TPF) are often considered a stable injury. However, the use of advanced imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and spine specialist consultation are often ordered as part of the routine workup of these fractures. The routine ordering of advanced imaging, spine specialist consultation, and delayed mobilization causes unnecessary economic and clinical burdens to patients and the overall healthcare system. Purpose: To determine if a higher number of isolated TPFs (iTPFs) lead to an increase in ligamentous injury to the spine, and whether ligamentous injury—if present—requires surgical intervention. Methods: The retrospective review was performed from 2009 to 2015, using a surgical trauma database to identify patients with greater than 3 isolated TPF (iTPF) to determine if iTPF leads to an increase in ligamentous injury to the spine and if this increase leads to increased surgical intervention. Results: A total of 102 patients were identified with complete follow up at 6 - 8 weeks post injury. The majority of the included patients suffered from blunt trauma. There was a small rate of ligamentous injury (n = 7, 7%) that did not require additional treatment. None of the fractures included were considered unstable. None of the patients included required surgical intervention during their hospital visit or in follow up visits. Conclusion: iTPFs are a stable injury to the thoracolumbar spine. There is a small rate of associated ligamentous injury that does not change the management or require further interventions. Thoracolumbar iTPFs do not automatically need spine specialist consultation and advanced imaging techniques.
基金funded by a USDA-ARS grant in the form of a Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement#58-6054-0-010approved for publication by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as MS#2024-306-39132.
文摘Maize(Zea mays),a major food crop worldwide,is susceptible to infection by the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus that can produce the carcinogenic metabolite aflatoxin(AF)especially under climate change induced abiotic stressors that favor mold growth.Several studies have used“-omics”approaches to identify genetic elements with potential roles in AF resistance,but there is a lack of research identifying the involvement of small RNAs such as microRNAs(miRNAs)in maize-A.flavus interaction.In this study,we compared the miRNA profiles of three maize lines(resistant TZAR102,moderately resistant MI82,and susceptible Va35)at 8 h,3 d,and 7 d after A.flavus infection to investigate possible regulatory antifungal role of miRNAs.A total of 316 miRNAs(275 known and 41 putative novel)belonging to 115 miRNA families were identified in response to the fungal infection across all three maize lines.Eighty-two unique miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed with 39 miRNAs exhibiting temporal differential regulation irrespective of the maize genotype,which targeted 544 genes(mRNAs)involved in diverse molecular functions.The two most notable biological processes involved in plant immunity,namely cellular responses to oxidative stress(GO:00345990)and reactive oxygen species(GO:0034614)were significantly enriched in the resistant line TZAR102.Coexpression network analysis identified 34 hubs of miRNA-mRNA pairs where nine hubs had a node in the module connected to their target gene with potentially important roles in resistance/susceptible response of maize to A.flavus.The miRNA hubs in resistance modules(TZAR102 and MI82)were mostly connected to transcription factors and protein kinases.Specifically,the module of miRNA zma-miR156b-nb-squamosa promoter binding protein(SBP),zma-miR398a-3p-SKIP5,and zma-miR394a-5p-F-box protein 6 combinations in the resistance-associated modules were considered important candidates for future functional studies.
