The year 2023 was the warmest year in the 174-year global instrumental record.The year was also marked by a series of climate-related extreme events,including heat waves,storms,and wildfires that caused widespread eco...The year 2023 was the warmest year in the 174-year global instrumental record.The year was also marked by a series of climate-related extreme events,including heat waves,storms,and wildfires that caused widespread economic and health impacts.The 28th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change called for transitioning away from fossil fuels and accelerating action in this critical decade.All countries must move rapidly toward net zero emissions and scale up their action to ensure achievement of the Paris climate goals−viz.,limiting the global temperature increase from preindustrial levels to well below 2℃ and pursuing efforts to keep it below 1.5℃.There is growing concern about whether the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5℃ is still achievable.We believe that it is still possible to limit warming to 1.5℃ if we take seven essential actions so human health and survival can be safeguarded:scaling up the energy transition to achieve carbon neutrality before the middle of this century;rapidly phasing out the construction of new fossil fuel exploration and infrastructure;enforcing an international carbon price;tightening emission targets across both the global north and south;promoting and adopting low-consumption lifestyle as the social norm;engaging in transformative change to simultaneously act on climate,biodiversity,equity,human health,and well-being;and boosting collective efforts and strengthening international cooperation.展开更多
Studies have investigated the effects of heat and temperature variability(TV)on mortality.However,few assessed whether TV modifies the heat-mortality association.Data on daily temperature and mortality in the warm sea...Studies have investigated the effects of heat and temperature variability(TV)on mortality.However,few assessed whether TV modifies the heat-mortality association.Data on daily temperature and mortality in the warm season were collected from 717 locations across 36 countries.TV was calculated as the standard deviation of the average of the same and previous days’minimum and maximum temperatures.展开更多
文摘The year 2023 was the warmest year in the 174-year global instrumental record.The year was also marked by a series of climate-related extreme events,including heat waves,storms,and wildfires that caused widespread economic and health impacts.The 28th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change called for transitioning away from fossil fuels and accelerating action in this critical decade.All countries must move rapidly toward net zero emissions and scale up their action to ensure achievement of the Paris climate goals−viz.,limiting the global temperature increase from preindustrial levels to well below 2℃ and pursuing efforts to keep it below 1.5℃.There is growing concern about whether the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5℃ is still achievable.We believe that it is still possible to limit warming to 1.5℃ if we take seven essential actions so human health and survival can be safeguarded:scaling up the energy transition to achieve carbon neutrality before the middle of this century;rapidly phasing out the construction of new fossil fuel exploration and infrastructure;enforcing an international carbon price;tightening emission targets across both the global north and south;promoting and adopting low-consumption lifestyle as the social norm;engaging in transformative change to simultaneously act on climate,biodiversity,equity,human health,and well-being;and boosting collective efforts and strengthening international cooperation.
基金This study was supported by the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(APP2000581)+12 种基金Y.W and B.W.were supported by the China Scholarship Council(nos.202006010044 and 202006010043)S.L.was supported by an Emerging Leader Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(no.APP2009866)Y.G.was supported by Career Development Fellowship(no.APP1163693)and Leader Fellowship(no.APP2008813)of the Australian National Health and Medical Research CouncilJ.K.and A.U.were supported by the Czech Science Foundation(project no.20-28560S)N.S.was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-funded HERCULES Center(no.P30ES019776)Y.H.was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund(JPMEERF15S11412)of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation AgencyM.d.S.Z.S.C.and P.H.N.S.were supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)H.O.and E.I.were supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research(IUT34-17)J.M.was supported by a fellowship of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnlogia(SFRH/BPD/115112/2016)A.G.and F.S.were supported by the Medical Research Council UK(grant ID MR/R013349/1),the Natural Environment Research Council UK(grant ID NE/R009384/1),and the EU’s Horizon 2020 project,Exhaustion(grant ID 820655)A.S.and F.d.D.were supported by the EU’s Horizon 2020 project,Exhaustion(grant ID 820655)V.H.was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy,Industry and Competitiveness(grant ID PCIN-2017-046)A.T.byMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033(grant CEX2018-000794-S).Statistics South Africa kindly provided the mortality data,but had no other role in the study.
文摘Studies have investigated the effects of heat and temperature variability(TV)on mortality.However,few assessed whether TV modifies the heat-mortality association.Data on daily temperature and mortality in the warm season were collected from 717 locations across 36 countries.TV was calculated as the standard deviation of the average of the same and previous days’minimum and maximum temperatures.
