Anthracnose, caused by the fungus called <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Colletotrichum</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gloeosporioides<...Anthracnose, caused by the fungus called <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Colletotrichum</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gloeosporioides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, is the main postharvest disease that affects mango production on Reunion Island. Fruit</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the export market are always treated with chemicals. The use of chemical treatment is not in adequation with consumer expectations, and the increasing emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates promotes the development of alternatives methods. The principal objective of this work was to use antimicrobial properties of thymol as an alternative postharvest treatment on mango. Thymol diluated in a penetrating agent solution was effective on mango anthracnose. At a concentration of 0.025%, Thymol limited necrosis </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">development due to pathogens during fruit storage. This treatment can</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> stimulate some of polyphenols biosynthesis involved in the fruit resistance to postharvest disease, particularly the<span style="white-space:nowrap;">synthesis</span> of gallic acid and resorcinol. With this final concentration of 0.025% thymol, the treatment did not affect fruit maturation and quality, especially the peel colour and sugar content. Importantly, the treatment did not show any detectable effect on organoleptic qualities of the fruit.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is one of the major postharvest diseases of pineapple (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;...Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is one of the major postharvest diseases of pineapple (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), especially on the prone variety Queen Victoria cultivated in Reunion Island. This aggressive disease is generally due to two pathogens: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thalaromyces stolii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and needs to be controlled during postharvest. In Reunion Island, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the principal causal agent impacting fruit exportation. Fruit produced for the export market is generally treated with chemicals. This type of postharvest treatment is not in line with consumer expectations, as consumers prefer fruits treated with nonharmful and natural products. The objective of this work was to study alternative postharvest treatments using the fungitoxic properties of essential oils and their ability to elicit the resistance mechanisms of the fruit. Six EAs were tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on mycelial growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Whether by volatilization or included in the culture medium, some essential oils such as thymol, eugenol, geraniol and the carvone/menthol mixture have a strong fungistatic effect. But only thymol has a fungitoxic effect. The thymol, a natural molecule synthesized by thyme (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thymus vulgaris</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thymoliferum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is the more effective </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and is the strongest potential to be used in postharvest treatment. Thymol, prepared at 0.025% in a terpene solvent that acts as a penetrating agent, was tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with inoculated fruits. The treatment was effective only on necrosis development from the upper part of the fruits. Pineapple polyphenol biosynthesis appears to have been suppressed by thymol treatment. Results and opportunities for this treatment are discussed. Additional experiments must be carried out in order to decide on the advisability of this type of treatment.</span>展开更多
文摘Anthracnose, caused by the fungus called <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Colletotrichum</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gloeosporioides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, is the main postharvest disease that affects mango production on Reunion Island. Fruit</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the export market are always treated with chemicals. The use of chemical treatment is not in adequation with consumer expectations, and the increasing emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates promotes the development of alternatives methods. The principal objective of this work was to use antimicrobial properties of thymol as an alternative postharvest treatment on mango. Thymol diluated in a penetrating agent solution was effective on mango anthracnose. At a concentration of 0.025%, Thymol limited necrosis </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">development due to pathogens during fruit storage. This treatment can</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> stimulate some of polyphenols biosynthesis involved in the fruit resistance to postharvest disease, particularly the<span style="white-space:nowrap;">synthesis</span> of gallic acid and resorcinol. With this final concentration of 0.025% thymol, the treatment did not affect fruit maturation and quality, especially the peel colour and sugar content. Importantly, the treatment did not show any detectable effect on organoleptic qualities of the fruit.</span></span></span></span>
文摘Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is one of the major postharvest diseases of pineapple (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), especially on the prone variety Queen Victoria cultivated in Reunion Island. This aggressive disease is generally due to two pathogens: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thalaromyces stolii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and needs to be controlled during postharvest. In Reunion Island, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the principal causal agent impacting fruit exportation. Fruit produced for the export market is generally treated with chemicals. This type of postharvest treatment is not in line with consumer expectations, as consumers prefer fruits treated with nonharmful and natural products. The objective of this work was to study alternative postharvest treatments using the fungitoxic properties of essential oils and their ability to elicit the resistance mechanisms of the fruit. Six EAs were tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on mycelial growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Whether by volatilization or included in the culture medium, some essential oils such as thymol, eugenol, geraniol and the carvone/menthol mixture have a strong fungistatic effect. But only thymol has a fungitoxic effect. The thymol, a natural molecule synthesized by thyme (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thymus vulgaris</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thymoliferum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is the more effective </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and is the strongest potential to be used in postharvest treatment. Thymol, prepared at 0.025% in a terpene solvent that acts as a penetrating agent, was tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with inoculated fruits. The treatment was effective only on necrosis development from the upper part of the fruits. Pineapple polyphenol biosynthesis appears to have been suppressed by thymol treatment. Results and opportunities for this treatment are discussed. Additional experiments must be carried out in order to decide on the advisability of this type of treatment.</span>
