Objective: To investigate phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the root extracts of Carduus macracanthus (C. macracanthus). Methods: Phytochemical screening tests were conducted as per...Objective: To investigate phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the root extracts of Carduus macracanthus (C. macracanthus). Methods: Phytochemical screening tests were conducted as per of the standard procedure to identify the classes of compounds present in the root extract of C. macracanthus. Silica gel column chromatographic technique was applied to separate the constituents from chloroform/methanol (1:1) root extracts. Various spectroscopic techniques were applied to determine the structure of the isolated compound. In vtiro antibacterial activities of crude extracts were evaluated via disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacterial concentration were determined by broth dilution method. Moreover, antioxidant activities of extracts were determined by DPPH assay, the phosphomolybdenum method and total flavonoid contents were determined as per of the standard procedures. Results: Phytochemical screening of root extracts of C. macracanthus revealed the presence alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins and steroids. Silica gel column chromatography separation of root extract using chloroform/methanol (1:1 ratio) yielded a known plant steroid stigmasterol. The result revealed that methanol extract had the greatest DPPH scavenging (IC50= 97.50 ± 4.38 μg/mL) and total antioxidant (1.92 ± 0.24 mg AAE/g of dried extract) activities. Chloroform/methanol (1:1), and methanol extracts showed that growth suppression of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration above 25 mg/mL, and minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 25 mg/mL. Methanol extract showed growth suppression against Escherichia coli at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were compared with a commercially available antibiotic (chloramphenicol) and showed moderate antibacterial activities, with inhibition zones ranging between 18–28 mm. However, the extracts had no antibacterial effects on Salmonella typhi. Conclusions: The present study found that polar extracts of the root of C. macracanthus possessed antibacterial and antioxidant activities.展开更多
Objective:To investigate various phytochemical constituents present in pod and seed of Crotalaria incana L.(C.incana).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds in the CH_(...Objective:To investigate various phytochemical constituents present in pod and seed of Crotalaria incana L.(C.incana).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds in the CH_(2)C_(l2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)pod and seed extract of C.incana.Results:Phytochemical screening of the CH_(2)C_(l2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)pod and seed extract of C.incana subsp.purpurscens revealed that the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins and stroids.Conclusions:The present work conducted on the CH_(2)Cl_(2):CH_(3)OH(1:1)pod and seed extract of C.incana identified various classes of compounds present on the pod and seed extract.展开更多
Objective:To determine chemical compositions,physicochemical properties and evaluating antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from leaves of Ocimum urticifolium(O.urticifolium).Methods:Essential oil of O...Objective:To determine chemical compositions,physicochemical properties and evaluating antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from leaves of Ocimum urticifolium(O.urticifolium).Methods:Essential oil of O.urticifolium was extracted by hydrodistillation technique.A number of phytochemical screening tests were applied to identify the classes of compounds in the leaves extract of O.urticifolium.Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to characterize the chemical components in the essential oil.The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity as per of standard procedure.Results:Phytochemical screening of crude extract revealed that the presence of tannins,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids and phenols.The obtained oil yield is(0.33±0.11)%(v/w).Analysis of oil using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed a total of 22 components,the abundance of monoterpene and sesquiterpenes(98.99%).The percentage composition of monoterpene in the oil wasα-pinene(22.105%),eugenol(21.099%),while sesquiterpenesα-cubebene(11.341%),α-bisabolene(9.945%),α-caryophyllene(7.709%),α-caryophyllene oxide(5.754%),and copaene(3.594%).The oil inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,while no activity was shown to Salmonella typhi.Conclusions:The O.urticifolium is a rich source of various classes of chemical constituents and the antibacterial activity of the oil could be attributed mainly to these compounds.展开更多
Objective:To isolate and characterize chemical constituents of the roots of Zanthoxylumchalybeum(Z.chalybeum).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds present in the CH_(...Objective:To isolate and characterize chemical constituents of the roots of Zanthoxylumchalybeum(Z.chalybeum).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds present in the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract.Column chromatographic separation technique was applied to separate the constituents of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract and various spectroscopic techniques[UV-vis,infrared radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)(^(1)H-NMR,^(13)C NMR,DEPT-135,COSY,gHSQC and gHMBC)]were used to determine the structures of pure compounds.Results:Phytochemical screening of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins and anthraquinones.Column chromatographic separation of the extract yielded a new coniferyl alcohol derivative,2,3-epoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyconiferyl alcohol(1)together with the known alkaloid,dihydrochelerythrine(2).Conclusions:The present work conducted on the CH2Cl2:CH3OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum identified various class of compounds present in the root extract.Complete characterization of two compounds were done using spectroscopic techniques of which a coniferyl alcohol derivative(1)was identified for the first time.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the root extracts of Carduus macracanthus (C. macracanthus). Methods: Phytochemical screening tests were conducted as per of the standard procedure to identify the classes of compounds present in the root extract of C. macracanthus. Silica gel column chromatographic technique was applied to separate the constituents from chloroform/methanol (1:1) root extracts. Various spectroscopic techniques were applied to determine the structure of the isolated compound. In vtiro antibacterial activities of crude extracts were evaluated via disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacterial concentration were determined by broth dilution method. Moreover, antioxidant activities of extracts were determined by DPPH assay, the phosphomolybdenum method and total flavonoid contents were determined as per of the standard procedures. Results: Phytochemical screening of root extracts of C. macracanthus revealed the presence alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins and steroids. Silica gel column chromatography separation of root extract using chloroform/methanol (1:1 ratio) yielded a known plant steroid stigmasterol. The result revealed that methanol extract had the greatest DPPH scavenging (IC50= 97.50 ± 4.38 μg/mL) and total antioxidant (1.92 ± 0.24 mg AAE/g of dried extract) activities. Chloroform/methanol (1:1), and methanol extracts showed that growth suppression of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration above 25 mg/mL, and minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 25 mg/mL. Methanol extract showed growth suppression against Escherichia coli at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were compared with a commercially available antibiotic (chloramphenicol) and showed moderate antibacterial activities, with inhibition zones ranging between 18–28 mm. However, the extracts had no antibacterial effects on Salmonella typhi. Conclusions: The present study found that polar extracts of the root of C. macracanthus possessed antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
基金Supported by Debre Tabor University,Ethiopia(Grant No.DTU/596/Nc-03/07).
文摘Objective:To investigate various phytochemical constituents present in pod and seed of Crotalaria incana L.(C.incana).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds in the CH_(2)C_(l2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)pod and seed extract of C.incana.Results:Phytochemical screening of the CH_(2)C_(l2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)pod and seed extract of C.incana subsp.purpurscens revealed that the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins and stroids.Conclusions:The present work conducted on the CH_(2)Cl_(2):CH_(3)OH(1:1)pod and seed extract of C.incana identified various classes of compounds present on the pod and seed extract.
文摘Objective:To determine chemical compositions,physicochemical properties and evaluating antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from leaves of Ocimum urticifolium(O.urticifolium).Methods:Essential oil of O.urticifolium was extracted by hydrodistillation technique.A number of phytochemical screening tests were applied to identify the classes of compounds in the leaves extract of O.urticifolium.Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to characterize the chemical components in the essential oil.The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity as per of standard procedure.Results:Phytochemical screening of crude extract revealed that the presence of tannins,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids and phenols.The obtained oil yield is(0.33±0.11)%(v/w).Analysis of oil using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed a total of 22 components,the abundance of monoterpene and sesquiterpenes(98.99%).The percentage composition of monoterpene in the oil wasα-pinene(22.105%),eugenol(21.099%),while sesquiterpenesα-cubebene(11.341%),α-bisabolene(9.945%),α-caryophyllene(7.709%),α-caryophyllene oxide(5.754%),and copaene(3.594%).The oil inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,while no activity was shown to Salmonella typhi.Conclusions:The O.urticifolium is a rich source of various classes of chemical constituents and the antibacterial activity of the oil could be attributed mainly to these compounds.
文摘Objective:To isolate and characterize chemical constituents of the roots of Zanthoxylumchalybeum(Z.chalybeum).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds present in the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract.Column chromatographic separation technique was applied to separate the constituents of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract and various spectroscopic techniques[UV-vis,infrared radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)(^(1)H-NMR,^(13)C NMR,DEPT-135,COSY,gHSQC and gHMBC)]were used to determine the structures of pure compounds.Results:Phytochemical screening of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins and anthraquinones.Column chromatographic separation of the extract yielded a new coniferyl alcohol derivative,2,3-epoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyconiferyl alcohol(1)together with the known alkaloid,dihydrochelerythrine(2).Conclusions:The present work conducted on the CH2Cl2:CH3OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum identified various class of compounds present in the root extract.Complete characterization of two compounds were done using spectroscopic techniques of which a coniferyl alcohol derivative(1)was identified for the first time.
