The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse ef...The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.展开更多
Various environmental stressors,such as salinity,heat,drought,and metals,present significant obstacles to crop productivity.This study delves into the adverse effects of metals,specifically focusing on cadmium(Cd),nic...Various environmental stressors,such as salinity,heat,drought,and metals,present significant obstacles to crop productivity.This study delves into the adverse effects of metals,specifically focusing on cadmium(Cd),nickel(Ni),mercury(Hg),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),lead(Pb),and copper(Cu)on plants.It explores the sources of these metals,examining both natural occurrences and human-induced activities,and investigates the mechanisms through which plants absorb them.Metal pollution,in particular,negatively affects plant and microbiome well-being,producing reactive oxygen species(ROS)that harm essential macromolecules.Traditional stress-resistant plant varieties necessitate substantial development,leading to the exploration of innovative approaches like nanotechnology.This examination underscores the diverse applications of nanoparticles(NPs),such as titanium oxide,copper oxide,zinc oxide,etc.,in alleviating metal stress and improving crop resilience.Nanoparticles possess advantageous characteristics,including increased reactivity,small size,and efficient transport within plants.The earlier information underscores the influence of nanoparticles on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of plants,addressing the limited information in this field,especially under metal toxicity.Mechanisms of NP action encompass chelation,antioxidant enzymatic activity,and the formation of complexes,presenting promising avenues for sustainable agriculture and enhanced food productivity.Future perspectives in nanoparticle strategies for metal toxicity emphasize tailored formulations and long-term ecological studies.Integration with precision agriculture and genetic engineering offers synergies,highlighting collaborative efforts and global cooperation for practical adoption.展开更多
Starch ofavocado seeds can be used as an alternative source of starch because it contains 80.1% starch. Natural starch can be made into a modified starch, for example dextrin. Dextrin can be made by using acid or enzy...Starch ofavocado seeds can be used as an alternative source of starch because it contains 80.1% starch. Natural starch can be made into a modified starch, for example dextrin. Dextrin can be made by using acid or enzyme hydrolysis. The purposes of this research were determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid （HCl）, the temperature and heating timein the optimum process of hydrolysis of starch into dextrin and to determine the quality of the resulting product dextrin terms of Indonesian National Standard 01-2593-1992. The methode was used in this research is hydrolisis with hydrochloric acid （HCl）. The results processing into starch avocado seed yield is 23.15%. HCl concentration, temperature and heating time significantly affect the value of dextrose equivalent （DE）, viscosity and part soluble in cold water. There is interaction between HCl concentration, temperature and heating time on the value of DE, viscosity and part soluble in cold water. Optimum conditions of process was obtained at a concentration of 0.15 N HCl, 30 minutes heating time and heating temperature of 90 ℃. Dextrose equivalent （DE） value is 19.61%. The value of solubility in cold water is 90.19%. Viscosity value is 1.61 ° E. Dextrin is not accordance with the standards of quality parameters Indonesian National Standard 01-2593-1992. Dextrin produced should be applied to non-food industry.展开更多
The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such...The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such as high production costs and suboptimal material characteristics.To enhance these characteristics,this study investigates bioplastics reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose(NCC)derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches(OPEFB),incorporating dispersing agents.The research employs a Central Composite Design from the Response SurfaceMethodology(RSM)with two factors:the type of dispersing agent(KCl and NaCl)and the NCC concentration fromOPEFB(1%-5%),along with the dispersing agent concentration(0.5%-3%).The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of food packaging bioplastics composed of a sago starch matrix,NCC from OPEFB,and dispersing agents.The novelty of this research lies in the development of food packaging bioplastics using sago starch reinforced withNCC fromOPEFB and the addition of dispersing agents(KCl andNaCl).The results indicate that incorporating NCC from OPEFB and dispersing agents significantly enhances the bioplastic’s properties,meeting the JIS 2-1707 standards for food packaging plastic films.The bioplastic was tested as packaging for gelamai(a traditional food from West Sumatra)through an organoleptic evaluation.Consumer acceptance in terms of taste,smell,and color remained satisfactory up to the 14th day.Further research is required to scale up production using the optimal formulation identified in this study.Additionally,this bioplastic is recommended for use as packaging for various food products.展开更多
文摘The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.
文摘Various environmental stressors,such as salinity,heat,drought,and metals,present significant obstacles to crop productivity.This study delves into the adverse effects of metals,specifically focusing on cadmium(Cd),nickel(Ni),mercury(Hg),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),lead(Pb),and copper(Cu)on plants.It explores the sources of these metals,examining both natural occurrences and human-induced activities,and investigates the mechanisms through which plants absorb them.Metal pollution,in particular,negatively affects plant and microbiome well-being,producing reactive oxygen species(ROS)that harm essential macromolecules.Traditional stress-resistant plant varieties necessitate substantial development,leading to the exploration of innovative approaches like nanotechnology.This examination underscores the diverse applications of nanoparticles(NPs),such as titanium oxide,copper oxide,zinc oxide,etc.,in alleviating metal stress and improving crop resilience.Nanoparticles possess advantageous characteristics,including increased reactivity,small size,and efficient transport within plants.The earlier information underscores the influence of nanoparticles on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of plants,addressing the limited information in this field,especially under metal toxicity.Mechanisms of NP action encompass chelation,antioxidant enzymatic activity,and the formation of complexes,presenting promising avenues for sustainable agriculture and enhanced food productivity.Future perspectives in nanoparticle strategies for metal toxicity emphasize tailored formulations and long-term ecological studies.Integration with precision agriculture and genetic engineering offers synergies,highlighting collaborative efforts and global cooperation for practical adoption.
文摘Starch ofavocado seeds can be used as an alternative source of starch because it contains 80.1% starch. Natural starch can be made into a modified starch, for example dextrin. Dextrin can be made by using acid or enzyme hydrolysis. The purposes of this research were determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid （HCl）, the temperature and heating timein the optimum process of hydrolysis of starch into dextrin and to determine the quality of the resulting product dextrin terms of Indonesian National Standard 01-2593-1992. The methode was used in this research is hydrolisis with hydrochloric acid （HCl）. The results processing into starch avocado seed yield is 23.15%. HCl concentration, temperature and heating time significantly affect the value of dextrose equivalent （DE）, viscosity and part soluble in cold water. There is interaction between HCl concentration, temperature and heating time on the value of DE, viscosity and part soluble in cold water. Optimum conditions of process was obtained at a concentration of 0.15 N HCl, 30 minutes heating time and heating temperature of 90 ℃. Dextrose equivalent （DE） value is 19.61%. The value of solubility in cold water is 90.19%. Viscosity value is 1.61 ° E. Dextrin is not accordance with the standards of quality parameters Indonesian National Standard 01-2593-1992. Dextrin produced should be applied to non-food industry.
基金the Industrial Human Resource Development Agency,Ministry of Industry in 2023。
文摘The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such as high production costs and suboptimal material characteristics.To enhance these characteristics,this study investigates bioplastics reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose(NCC)derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches(OPEFB),incorporating dispersing agents.The research employs a Central Composite Design from the Response SurfaceMethodology(RSM)with two factors:the type of dispersing agent(KCl and NaCl)and the NCC concentration fromOPEFB(1%-5%),along with the dispersing agent concentration(0.5%-3%).The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of food packaging bioplastics composed of a sago starch matrix,NCC from OPEFB,and dispersing agents.The novelty of this research lies in the development of food packaging bioplastics using sago starch reinforced withNCC fromOPEFB and the addition of dispersing agents(KCl andNaCl).The results indicate that incorporating NCC from OPEFB and dispersing agents significantly enhances the bioplastic’s properties,meeting the JIS 2-1707 standards for food packaging plastic films.The bioplastic was tested as packaging for gelamai(a traditional food from West Sumatra)through an organoleptic evaluation.Consumer acceptance in terms of taste,smell,and color remained satisfactory up to the 14th day.Further research is required to scale up production using the optimal formulation identified in this study.Additionally,this bioplastic is recommended for use as packaging for various food products.
