Eighty-one karst types and their main characteristics are described in this study,including the conditions of their development,the main characteristics of their karstification and their characteristic features.The cl...Eighty-one karst types and their main characteristics are described in this study,including the conditions of their development,the main characteristics of their karstification and their characteristic features.The classification includes the karst types of the Earth,a concise description of each karst type and the possibilities of belonging to several types of various karst areas.The classification of types is hierarchical in terms of groups,subgroups,types and subtypes.Karst can be classified according to their momentary state(the group of static karst types)and to their development(group of dynamic karst types).The group of static karst types has the azonal and zonal subgroups.Azonal karst types may be situated under any climate.These karst types are categorized according to their geological characteristics(age of karstification,constituting rock,extent of coveredness,structure),their elevation,expansion,the morphology of their surface,hydrology and to the effects occurring on the karst.Taking the above mentioned factors into consideration,the author distinguishes various types and describes their characteristics.Zonal karst types are also described(tundra karst,temperate karst,subtropical karst,tropical karst),karst types that can be distinguished based on their geomorphic evolution are identified and their characteristics are presented.展开更多
The surface karst of the Bakony Region is described. VES measurements were applied to study the cover and the morphology of the bedrock. A karstmorphological mapping was also performed. A relation was established betw...The surface karst of the Bakony Region is described. VES measurements were applied to study the cover and the morphology of the bedrock. A karstmorphological mapping was also performed. A relation was established between the karst types and block types in the mountains. The karstification of the mountains was affected by the block structure of the mountains, the mounds of the uneven bedrock, the presence of superficial deposits and their young denudation. As a result of the above mentioned facts, the karst of the mountains is varied. Soil-covered karst is wide spread in the mountains, but the specific features of this type (solution dolines) only occur on threshold surfaces at the margin of the mountains and on dolomite. The concealed karst was mainly formed on horsts elevated to summit position, but it can also be found on threshold surfaces and on horsts in summit position. Its features are subsidence dolines and depressions of superficial deposit. Cryptokarst and buried karst can be created by gravelly cover or basalt. Where the cover is gravel, epigenetic valleys develop with opened-up phreatic cavities. Where the cover is basalt, ponors develop at its margin, while inside, where the basalt thins out, caprock dolines are formed.展开更多
文摘Eighty-one karst types and their main characteristics are described in this study,including the conditions of their development,the main characteristics of their karstification and their characteristic features.The classification includes the karst types of the Earth,a concise description of each karst type and the possibilities of belonging to several types of various karst areas.The classification of types is hierarchical in terms of groups,subgroups,types and subtypes.Karst can be classified according to their momentary state(the group of static karst types)and to their development(group of dynamic karst types).The group of static karst types has the azonal and zonal subgroups.Azonal karst types may be situated under any climate.These karst types are categorized according to their geological characteristics(age of karstification,constituting rock,extent of coveredness,structure),their elevation,expansion,the morphology of their surface,hydrology and to the effects occurring on the karst.Taking the above mentioned factors into consideration,the author distinguishes various types and describes their characteristics.Zonal karst types are also described(tundra karst,temperate karst,subtropical karst,tropical karst),karst types that can be distinguished based on their geomorphic evolution are identified and their characteristics are presented.
文摘The surface karst of the Bakony Region is described. VES measurements were applied to study the cover and the morphology of the bedrock. A karstmorphological mapping was also performed. A relation was established between the karst types and block types in the mountains. The karstification of the mountains was affected by the block structure of the mountains, the mounds of the uneven bedrock, the presence of superficial deposits and their young denudation. As a result of the above mentioned facts, the karst of the mountains is varied. Soil-covered karst is wide spread in the mountains, but the specific features of this type (solution dolines) only occur on threshold surfaces at the margin of the mountains and on dolomite. The concealed karst was mainly formed on horsts elevated to summit position, but it can also be found on threshold surfaces and on horsts in summit position. Its features are subsidence dolines and depressions of superficial deposit. Cryptokarst and buried karst can be created by gravelly cover or basalt. Where the cover is gravel, epigenetic valleys develop with opened-up phreatic cavities. Where the cover is basalt, ponors develop at its margin, while inside, where the basalt thins out, caprock dolines are formed.
