Waste is the bridge linking resource consumption and greenhouse gas generation,and waste landfills are the main anthropogenic source of methane(CH_(4)).The United States(US)-China Joint Glasgow Declaration and the Glo...Waste is the bridge linking resource consumption and greenhouse gas generation,and waste landfills are the main anthropogenic source of methane(CH_(4)).The United States(US)-China Joint Glasgow Declaration and the Global Methane Pledge are committed to reducing tractable CH_(4)emissions;however,differences between the involved countries as well as their generation forecast processes have hampered cooperation.In this study,we provide a deep insight into CH_(4)emissions from municipal solid waste(MSW)landfills and identify the disparities in CH_(4)emissions with local socio-economic conditions.The US and China,the world’s two largest economies,generated approximately 3.73 and 1.48 million tonnes of CH_(4)from 1248 to 1955 landfills in 2012 using the FOD/bottom-up method,with corresponding 26.93 and 11.94 kg per tonne waste and emission value from each landfill ranging between 100 and 105 and 10^(−5)-10^(5)tonnes.The spatial distribution was also quantified and compared with national,state/province,and urban agglomeration perspectives based on historical MSW variations(1990-2015)to clarify the triangular relationship between the economic situation,waste properties,and landfill CH_(4)emissions.High-density CH_(4)emission regions spatially overlapped with highly developed urban agglomerations,positively correlated with the local gross domestic product(GDP)and population(p<0.01),with more emissions generated per thousand US dollars in the US(0.25 tonnes)than in China(0.16 tonnes).The US tertiary industry and China’s secondary industry contributed to high CH_(4)emissions from the waste sector.The increase in tertiary industry might reduce the waste sector’s CH_(4)emissions.This study will help to understand this new triangular relationship and predict future patterns of CH_(4)emissions.展开更多
Balancing urban and rural development is an important political goal in China.The failure of rural land privatization has led to a low level of rural economic development and a vast property income gap between citizen...Balancing urban and rural development is an important political goal in China.The failure of rural land privatization has led to a low level of rural economic development and a vast property income gap between citizens and farmers.This paper illustrates the reasons for property income inequality from the perspective of the land tenure system and the dualistic household registration system.After evaluating the segmentation of the rural land market and the rigid nature of rural land assets,a population-land coupling urbanization mechanism is proposed.The paper argues that China s land property system has externalized a high degree of geospatial and social urban and rural intertwinement.Major reform of the rural land property rights system is required to correct the situation(further development of the social security system and stable urbanization)and to increase property income potential for farmers.展开更多
Rapid economic development usually leads to serious environmental pollution problems.In order to solve the problem of pollutant emission in sustainable industrial development,it is urgent to examine the implementation...Rapid economic development usually leads to serious environmental pollution problems.In order to solve the problem of pollutant emission in sustainable industrial development,it is urgent to examine the implementation effect of emissions trading policy(ETP)and its impact on green industrial development.This study adopts China's ETP as a case study and selects provincial panel data from 2004 to 2018.We first use a non-radial,non-directed,slack-based measure-directional distance function(SBM-DDF)to measure industrial green innovation efficiency.Then we use a difference in differences(DID)model to empirically test the emissions reduction effect of China's policy and whether it promotes industrial green innovation.Thereafter,results show that:(1)the ETP reduces sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions indicating the effectiveness of the policy;(2)the policy significantly improves industrial green innovation efficiency,meaning it promotes the sustainable development of the economy;(3)heterogeneity analysis highlights that ETP produces greater benefits for the most polluted regions of China which have more strict environmental regulations.The study examines the effect of emissions trading policy implementation from a new perspective.The study also provides a reference point for China to further refine its policy mechanisms and for other countries to formulate suitable ETP.展开更多
Office buildings constitute a significant proportion of the non-residential building stock.In recent years,various rating tools have been developed to foster green office building development.The Green Building Counci...Office buildings constitute a significant proportion of the non-residential building stock.In recent years,various rating tools have been developed to foster green office building development.The Green Building Council of Australia(GBCA)has devel-oped the Green Star-Office rating tools for this purpose.There are an increasing number of stakeholders adopting these tools to showcase their efforts in sustain-able development.This research focuses on the challenges and barriers in obtain-ing GBCA ratings in Australian Office buildings.To accomplish this,the scoring sheets from the rating of 264 certified office buildings were collected and critically analysed.The findings indicated that credits related to the attributes of innovation,ecology and energy are comparatively difficult to achieve.It was also found in this study that a large number of projects did not apply for the specific credits of refrig-erant global warming potential,re-use of façade,topsoil and fill removal from site,and individual comfort control.This study provides a useful reference to both the property developer and the Green Building Council of Australia for green building developments in the future.In particular,the findings provide useful inputs to the development of the next generation of green building rating tools.展开更多
Job hopping affects the development of industries in terms of efficiency and quality of work. It is a problem for the Chinese construction industry, where excessive job hopping is detrimental to meeting the current da...Job hopping affects the development of industries in terms of efficiency and quality of work. It is a problem for the Chinese construction industry, where excessive job hopping is detrimental to meeting the current daunting challenges involved in the industry's transformation and efficiency improvement. To provide an exhaustive analysis of this effect, game theory is combined with social relationship networks to create an agent-based simulation model. Simulation results indicate that the frequent job moves of Chinese construction workers have a negative effect on their skill development, employment, and worker relationships, as well as results in sharp increase in employer labor costs. The findings point to the need to act for the benefit of workers and employers and maintain the development of the industry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077111,72088101,71810107001)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1900704)+2 种基金State Administration of Foreign Experts project(G2022037007L)Shanghai Ecological Environmental Protection Agency([2021]48)the Technology innovation and development project of the Inner Mongolia Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(2021PT0045-02-01).
文摘Waste is the bridge linking resource consumption and greenhouse gas generation,and waste landfills are the main anthropogenic source of methane(CH_(4)).The United States(US)-China Joint Glasgow Declaration and the Global Methane Pledge are committed to reducing tractable CH_(4)emissions;however,differences between the involved countries as well as their generation forecast processes have hampered cooperation.In this study,we provide a deep insight into CH_(4)emissions from municipal solid waste(MSW)landfills and identify the disparities in CH_(4)emissions with local socio-economic conditions.The US and China,the world’s two largest economies,generated approximately 3.73 and 1.48 million tonnes of CH_(4)from 1248 to 1955 landfills in 2012 using the FOD/bottom-up method,with corresponding 26.93 and 11.94 kg per tonne waste and emission value from each landfill ranging between 100 and 105 and 10^(−5)-10^(5)tonnes.The spatial distribution was also quantified and compared with national,state/province,and urban agglomeration perspectives based on historical MSW variations(1990-2015)to clarify the triangular relationship between the economic situation,waste properties,and landfill CH_(4)emissions.High-density CH_(4)emission regions spatially overlapped with highly developed urban agglomerations,positively correlated with the local gross domestic product(GDP)and population(p<0.01),with more emissions generated per thousand US dollars in the US(0.25 tonnes)than in China(0.16 tonnes).The US tertiary industry and China’s secondary industry contributed to high CH_(4)emissions from the waste sector.The increase in tertiary industry might reduce the waste sector’s CH_(4)emissions.This study will help to understand this new triangular relationship and predict future patterns of CH_(4)emissions.
基金the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71874155 and 71373231)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2-2050205-17-182).
文摘Balancing urban and rural development is an important political goal in China.The failure of rural land privatization has led to a low level of rural economic development and a vast property income gap between citizens and farmers.This paper illustrates the reasons for property income inequality from the perspective of the land tenure system and the dualistic household registration system.After evaluating the segmentation of the rural land market and the rigid nature of rural land assets,a population-land coupling urbanization mechanism is proposed.The paper argues that China s land property system has externalized a high degree of geospatial and social urban and rural intertwinement.Major reform of the rural land property rights system is required to correct the situation(further development of the social security system and stable urbanization)and to increase property income potential for farmers.
基金This work was supported by the National Social Science Fund projects[No.20BJY010]National Social Science Fund Postfinancing projects[No.19FJYB017]+5 种基金Sichuan-Tibet Railway Major Fundamental Science Problems Special Fund[No.71942006]Qinghai Natural Science Foundation[grant numbers 2020-JY-736]List of Key Science and Technology Projects in China's Transportation Industry in the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project[No.2018-GH-006 and grant numbers 2019-MS5-100]Shaanxi Social Science Fund[No.2017S004]Xi’an Construction Science and Technology Planning Project[No.SZJJ201915 and No.SZJJ201916]Fundamental Research for Funds for the Central Universities(Humanities and Social Sciences),Chang’an University[No.300102231641,300102230612,300102281669,300102230503].
文摘Rapid economic development usually leads to serious environmental pollution problems.In order to solve the problem of pollutant emission in sustainable industrial development,it is urgent to examine the implementation effect of emissions trading policy(ETP)and its impact on green industrial development.This study adopts China's ETP as a case study and selects provincial panel data from 2004 to 2018.We first use a non-radial,non-directed,slack-based measure-directional distance function(SBM-DDF)to measure industrial green innovation efficiency.Then we use a difference in differences(DID)model to empirically test the emissions reduction effect of China's policy and whether it promotes industrial green innovation.Thereafter,results show that:(1)the ETP reduces sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions indicating the effectiveness of the policy;(2)the policy significantly improves industrial green innovation efficiency,meaning it promotes the sustainable development of the economy;(3)heterogeneity analysis highlights that ETP produces greater benefits for the most polluted regions of China which have more strict environmental regulations.The study examines the effect of emissions trading policy implementation from a new perspective.The study also provides a reference point for China to further refine its policy mechanisms and for other countries to formulate suitable ETP.
文摘Office buildings constitute a significant proportion of the non-residential building stock.In recent years,various rating tools have been developed to foster green office building development.The Green Building Council of Australia(GBCA)has devel-oped the Green Star-Office rating tools for this purpose.There are an increasing number of stakeholders adopting these tools to showcase their efforts in sustain-able development.This research focuses on the challenges and barriers in obtain-ing GBCA ratings in Australian Office buildings.To accomplish this,the scoring sheets from the rating of 264 certified office buildings were collected and critically analysed.The findings indicated that credits related to the attributes of innovation,ecology and energy are comparatively difficult to achieve.It was also found in this study that a large number of projects did not apply for the specific credits of refrig-erant global warming potential,re-use of façade,topsoil and fill removal from site,and individual comfort control.This study provides a useful reference to both the property developer and the Green Building Council of Australia for green building developments in the future.In particular,the findings provide useful inputs to the development of the next generation of green building rating tools.
文摘Job hopping affects the development of industries in terms of efficiency and quality of work. It is a problem for the Chinese construction industry, where excessive job hopping is detrimental to meeting the current daunting challenges involved in the industry's transformation and efficiency improvement. To provide an exhaustive analysis of this effect, game theory is combined with social relationship networks to create an agent-based simulation model. Simulation results indicate that the frequent job moves of Chinese construction workers have a negative effect on their skill development, employment, and worker relationships, as well as results in sharp increase in employer labor costs. The findings point to the need to act for the benefit of workers and employers and maintain the development of the industry.
