Since its discovery in the 1920’s the relaxin peptide hormone family has not only grown in number to now seven members （relaxin-1, relaxin-2, relaxin-3, insulin-like peptide （INSL） 3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6）, but...Since its discovery in the 1920’s the relaxin peptide hormone family has not only grown in number to now seven members （relaxin-1, relaxin-2, relaxin-3, insulin-like peptide （INSL） 3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6）, but ever more effects, suchs as vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-apoptopic, anti-fibriotic and anti-inflammatory, have been linked to them. While relaxin-2 has mainly been investigated in the context of cardiac protection, most comprehensively in the RELAX-AHF and RELAX AHF2 studies, a small number of studies have furthermore assessed the potential neuroprotective effects of especially relaxin-2 and other members of the relaxin family. In this short review we summarise and discuss recent efforts to utilize relaxin hormones for neuroprotection and point out potential future fields of research and translational applications. While many questions still need to be answered, the promising results of the available studies definitely warrant future well-designed studies on neuroprotection by relaxin peptides.展开更多
Antibiotic residues in wastewater promote the emergence of resistant bacteria,posing a serious potential threat to human health and ecosystems.Effective degradation strategies are crucial for removing antibiotics from...Antibiotic residues in wastewater promote the emergence of resistant bacteria,posing a serious potential threat to human health and ecosystems.Effective degradation strategies are crucial for removing antibiotics from wastewater.In this study,a photocatalytic polymer membrane was used to treat three antibiotics,i.e.,sulfamethoxazole,chloramphenicol,and ofloxacin.In parallel with chemical analysis,the acute and chronic toxicity of the antibiotics and their degradation mixtures to the freshwater green alga Scenedesmus vacuolatus was assessed.Photocatalytic membrane treatment of 10 mg/L aqueous solutions(and 1100 mg/L for ofloxacin)achieved complete parent-compound removal,with half-lives ranging from 6.2-102.3 min.Toxicity measured at successive irradiation times revealed initial detoxification followed by increased toxicity due to transformation products and by-products caused by membrane photoaging,limiting the total detoxification effectiveness.The results underscore the promise of photocatalytic membranes for antibiotic removal while highlighting the critical importance of photostable polymer-photocatalyst materials to prevent secondary ecotoxicological effects in water treatment applications.These results further demonstrate the need to combine chemical and toxicological methods to validate new technologies for wastewater treatment.展开更多
For number concentration measurements of superfine particles a condensation nucleus counter （CNC） is frequently used. The combination of a new CNC module with a white light aerosol spectrometer and a passive collect...For number concentration measurements of superfine particles a condensation nucleus counter （CNC） is frequently used. The combination of a new CNC module with a white light aerosol spectrometer and a passive collector makes possible accurate time-resolved determination of particle number within the overall size range of 10 nm to 40 μm and at concentrations up to 10^5 particles/cm^3. With the aerosol spectrometer a high time-resolved particle size determination is also possible in the size range of 0.3-40 μm up to the same high number concentrations of 10^5 particles/cm^3.展开更多
文摘Since its discovery in the 1920’s the relaxin peptide hormone family has not only grown in number to now seven members （relaxin-1, relaxin-2, relaxin-3, insulin-like peptide （INSL） 3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6）, but ever more effects, suchs as vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-apoptopic, anti-fibriotic and anti-inflammatory, have been linked to them. While relaxin-2 has mainly been investigated in the context of cardiac protection, most comprehensively in the RELAX-AHF and RELAX AHF2 studies, a small number of studies have furthermore assessed the potential neuroprotective effects of especially relaxin-2 and other members of the relaxin family. In this short review we summarise and discuss recent efforts to utilize relaxin hormones for neuroprotection and point out potential future fields of research and translational applications. While many questions still need to be answered, the promising results of the available studies definitely warrant future well-designed studies on neuroprotection by relaxin peptides.
文摘Antibiotic residues in wastewater promote the emergence of resistant bacteria,posing a serious potential threat to human health and ecosystems.Effective degradation strategies are crucial for removing antibiotics from wastewater.In this study,a photocatalytic polymer membrane was used to treat three antibiotics,i.e.,sulfamethoxazole,chloramphenicol,and ofloxacin.In parallel with chemical analysis,the acute and chronic toxicity of the antibiotics and their degradation mixtures to the freshwater green alga Scenedesmus vacuolatus was assessed.Photocatalytic membrane treatment of 10 mg/L aqueous solutions(and 1100 mg/L for ofloxacin)achieved complete parent-compound removal,with half-lives ranging from 6.2-102.3 min.Toxicity measured at successive irradiation times revealed initial detoxification followed by increased toxicity due to transformation products and by-products caused by membrane photoaging,limiting the total detoxification effectiveness.The results underscore the promise of photocatalytic membranes for antibiotic removal while highlighting the critical importance of photostable polymer-photocatalyst materials to prevent secondary ecotoxicological effects in water treatment applications.These results further demonstrate the need to combine chemical and toxicological methods to validate new technologies for wastewater treatment.
文摘For number concentration measurements of superfine particles a condensation nucleus counter （CNC） is frequently used. The combination of a new CNC module with a white light aerosol spectrometer and a passive collector makes possible accurate time-resolved determination of particle number within the overall size range of 10 nm to 40 μm and at concentrations up to 10^5 particles/cm^3. With the aerosol spectrometer a high time-resolved particle size determination is also possible in the size range of 0.3-40 μm up to the same high number concentrations of 10^5 particles/cm^3.
