The instantaneous formation of mechanically stable cerium vanadium oxide gels starting from soluble polyoxovanadates is reported together with initial application studies.Upon addition of phosphoric acid to solutions ...The instantaneous formation of mechanically stable cerium vanadium oxide gels starting from soluble polyoxovanadates is reported together with initial application studies.Upon addition of phosphoric acid to solutions containing a vanadium oxide source(e.g.(nBu_(4)N)_(4)[V_(4)O_(12)])and Ce^(3+),instantaneous formation(reaction time<1 s)of a vanadium oxide gel is observed.The gel shows unique mechanical and thermal stabilities(up to~180℃).High permeability of the gel is observed,allowing its use for long-term acid delivery into aqueous media or for the adsorption of organic aromatic dye pollutants from solution.A range of spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques provide insight into the gel formation and the gel composition:an intertwined 3D matrix of nanowires(d~10 nm)containing cerium,vanadium oxide and phosphate is identified as an inorganic matrix which enables the formation of the mechanically stable gel.展开更多
Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours.These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles,lack observab...Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours.These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles,lack observable,discriminatory morphological characters,and may not be amenable to in vitro culturing.As a result,species identification is frequently difficult.Molecular(DNA sequence)data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi,with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region being the most popular marker.However,international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality,making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi problematic.Here we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages.A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological metadata.The results-a total of 31,954 changes-are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi(http://unite.ut.ee),including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches,use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur,and related applications.The present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi,and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.展开更多
基金support by the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst(DAAD)EU COST Action CM1203,Ulm University,Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergFundación General CSIC(Programa ComFuturo)is gratefully acknowledged.The authors would like to acknowledge the use of The Advanced Microscopy Laboratory(LMA-INA).
文摘The instantaneous formation of mechanically stable cerium vanadium oxide gels starting from soluble polyoxovanadates is reported together with initial application studies.Upon addition of phosphoric acid to solutions containing a vanadium oxide source(e.g.(nBu_(4)N)_(4)[V_(4)O_(12)])and Ce^(3+),instantaneous formation(reaction time<1 s)of a vanadium oxide gel is observed.The gel shows unique mechanical and thermal stabilities(up to~180℃).High permeability of the gel is observed,allowing its use for long-term acid delivery into aqueous media or for the adsorption of organic aromatic dye pollutants from solution.A range of spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques provide insight into the gel formation and the gel composition:an intertwined 3D matrix of nanowires(d~10 nm)containing cerium,vanadium oxide and phosphate is identified as an inorganic matrix which enables the formation of the mechanically stable gel.
基金financial support from European Funds through COMPETENational Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)within projects PTDC/AGR-FOR/3807/2012-FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027979 and PEst-C/MAR/LA0017/2013+4 种基金supported by National Science Foundation Grant DBI 1046115supported by FFG,BMWFJ,BMVIT,ZIT,Zukunftsstiftung Tirol,and Land Steiermark within the Austrian COMET program FFG Grant 824186Financial support to JP was partially provided by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education(MNiSW),grant no.NN303_548839financial support from FAPEMIG and CNPqfunded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute through the Biomonitoring 2.0 project(OGI-050).
文摘Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours.These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles,lack observable,discriminatory morphological characters,and may not be amenable to in vitro culturing.As a result,species identification is frequently difficult.Molecular(DNA sequence)data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi,with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region being the most popular marker.However,international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality,making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi problematic.Here we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages.A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological metadata.The results-a total of 31,954 changes-are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi(http://unite.ut.ee),including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches,use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur,and related applications.The present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi,and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.
