Wood density(WD)indicates important plant functions and plays a key role in carbon cycling of forest ecosystems by affecting wood decomposition.However,how WD varies globally and how it evolved through the evolutionar...Wood density(WD)indicates important plant functions and plays a key role in carbon cycling of forest ecosystems by affecting wood decomposition.However,how WD varies globally and how it evolved through the evolutionary history of angiosperms remain unclear.Here,by integrating data of WD,phylogeny and distributions for angiosperms worldwide,we estimated global spatiotemporal patterns of WD and their relationships with modern climate and paleoclimate.We found that mean WD decreased with latitude in the northern hemisphere but increased with latitude in the southern hemisphere.The interspecific WD variation within each geographic unit did not show clear latitudinal gradients.Temperature was the best predictor of the global geographic pattern in mean WD,while the geographic variation in mean WD across high-temperature regions could be explained by geographic variation in precipitation and precipitation seasonality(PS).Since the Cenozoic(66 million years ago(Mya)),WD increased first(until 20 Mya)and then decreased.In general,the Cenozoic WD was positively correlated with paleotemperature and negatively correlated with paleoprecipitation,especially during more arid periods.Interestingly,the evolutionary trends of WD on different continents differed,which corresponded to the divergence in WD patterns and their relationships with modern climate on different continents.Our results highlight the dominant effect of environmental temperature on global variation in angiosperm WD with an additional strong effect of PS.Our study also demonstrates the critical role of aridity and biogeographic idiosyncrasies in driving angiosperm WD evolution.展开更多
Aims Plant height is a key functional trait related to aboveground bio-mass,leaf photosynthesis and plant fitness.However,large-scale geographical patterns in community-average plant height(cAPH)of woody species and d...Aims Plant height is a key functional trait related to aboveground bio-mass,leaf photosynthesis and plant fitness.However,large-scale geographical patterns in community-average plant height(cAPH)of woody species and drivers of these patterns across different life forms remain hotly debated.Moreover,whether cAPH could be used as a predictor of ecosystem primary productivity is unknown.Methods We compiled mature height and distributions of 11422 woody spe-cies in eastern Eurasia,and estimated geographic patterns in cAPH for different taxonomic groups and life forms.then we evaluated the effects of environmental(including current climate and historical climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM))and evolutionary factors on cAPH.Lastly,we compared the predictive power of cAPH on primary productivity with that of LiDAR-derived canopy-height data from a global survey.Important Findings Geographic patterns of cAPH and their drivers differed among taxonomic groups and life forms.the strongest predictor for cAPH of all woody species combined,angiosperms,all dicots and deciduous dicots was actual evapotranspiration,while temperature was the strongest pre-dictor for cAPH of monocots and tree,shrub and evergreen dicots,and water availability for gymnosperms.Historical climate change since the LGM had only weak effects on cAPH.No phylogenetic signal was detected in family-wise average height,which was also unrelated to the tested environmental factors.Finally,we found a strong correlation between cAPH and ecosystem primary productivity.Primary productivity showed a weaker relationship with cAPH of the tallest species within a grid cell and no relationship with LiDAR-derived canopy height reported in the global survey.Our findings suggest that current climate rather than historical climate change and evolutionary history determine the geographical patterns in cAPH.However,the relative effects of climatic factors representing environmental energy and water availability on spatial variations of cAPH vary among plant life forms.Moreover,our results also suggest that cAPH can be used as a good predictor of ecosystem primary productivity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32125026,31988102)the National Key Research Development Program of China(2022YFF0802300).
文摘Wood density(WD)indicates important plant functions and plays a key role in carbon cycling of forest ecosystems by affecting wood decomposition.However,how WD varies globally and how it evolved through the evolutionary history of angiosperms remain unclear.Here,by integrating data of WD,phylogeny and distributions for angiosperms worldwide,we estimated global spatiotemporal patterns of WD and their relationships with modern climate and paleoclimate.We found that mean WD decreased with latitude in the northern hemisphere but increased with latitude in the southern hemisphere.The interspecific WD variation within each geographic unit did not show clear latitudinal gradients.Temperature was the best predictor of the global geographic pattern in mean WD,while the geographic variation in mean WD across high-temperature regions could be explained by geographic variation in precipitation and precipitation seasonality(PS).Since the Cenozoic(66 million years ago(Mya)),WD increased first(until 20 Mya)and then decreased.In general,the Cenozoic WD was positively correlated with paleotemperature and negatively correlated with paleoprecipitation,especially during more arid periods.Interestingly,the evolutionary trends of WD on different continents differed,which corresponded to the divergence in WD patterns and their relationships with modern climate on different continents.Our results highlight the dominant effect of environmental temperature on global variation in angiosperm WD with an additional strong effect of PS.Our study also demonstrates the critical role of aridity and biogeographic idiosyncrasies in driving angiosperm WD evolution.
基金This work was partly funded by the National Key Research Development Program of China(#2017YFA0605101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(#31522012,#31470564,#31621091)Chinese Academy of Sciences-Peking University Pioneer Collaboration Team.Y.L.thanks for the support from Chinese Scholarship Council(CSC).X.X.thanks for the Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities(YJ201721).
文摘Aims Plant height is a key functional trait related to aboveground bio-mass,leaf photosynthesis and plant fitness.However,large-scale geographical patterns in community-average plant height(cAPH)of woody species and drivers of these patterns across different life forms remain hotly debated.Moreover,whether cAPH could be used as a predictor of ecosystem primary productivity is unknown.Methods We compiled mature height and distributions of 11422 woody spe-cies in eastern Eurasia,and estimated geographic patterns in cAPH for different taxonomic groups and life forms.then we evaluated the effects of environmental(including current climate and historical climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM))and evolutionary factors on cAPH.Lastly,we compared the predictive power of cAPH on primary productivity with that of LiDAR-derived canopy-height data from a global survey.Important Findings Geographic patterns of cAPH and their drivers differed among taxonomic groups and life forms.the strongest predictor for cAPH of all woody species combined,angiosperms,all dicots and deciduous dicots was actual evapotranspiration,while temperature was the strongest pre-dictor for cAPH of monocots and tree,shrub and evergreen dicots,and water availability for gymnosperms.Historical climate change since the LGM had only weak effects on cAPH.No phylogenetic signal was detected in family-wise average height,which was also unrelated to the tested environmental factors.Finally,we found a strong correlation between cAPH and ecosystem primary productivity.Primary productivity showed a weaker relationship with cAPH of the tallest species within a grid cell and no relationship with LiDAR-derived canopy height reported in the global survey.Our findings suggest that current climate rather than historical climate change and evolutionary history determine the geographical patterns in cAPH.However,the relative effects of climatic factors representing environmental energy and water availability on spatial variations of cAPH vary among plant life forms.Moreover,our results also suggest that cAPH can be used as a good predictor of ecosystem primary productivity.
