Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is ...Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.展开更多
Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit interna...Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.展开更多
Background:Meeting 24-h movement guidelines by children and adolescents has been associated with improved indicators of health,although it has been under-studied in China.Hence,this study aimed to investigate the prev...Background:Meeting 24-h movement guidelines by children and adolescents has been associated with improved indicators of health,although it has been under-studied in China.Hence,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines,its correlates,and its relationships with body mass index in children and adolescents in China.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the 2017 Youth Study in China of 114,072 children and adolescents(mean age=13.75 years,49.18%boys)were used.Meeting 24-h movement guidelines(60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,2 h of daily leisure screen time,911 h and 810 h nightly sleep duration for 613-year-olds and 1417-year-olds,respectively)and height and weight of all participants were assessed.The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and World Health Organization weight status categories were determined.Generalized linear models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and the relationships of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines with overweight(OW)and obesity(OB).Results:Only 5.12%of Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines,and 22.44%were classified as OW/OB.Older children and adolescents were less likely to meet the 24-h movement guidelines.Parental education level and family income were positively related to meeting the 24-h movement guidelines.Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines showed lower odds ratios for OW/OB.Compared with participants meeting the 24-h movement guidelines,boys in 4th6th grades met none of the recommendations(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.061.40),met the screen time recommendation only(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.011.28),met the nightly sleep duration recommendation only(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.031.28),and had significantly higher odds ratios for OW/OB.Similar trends were observed for girls in 4th6th grades:meeting none of the guidelines(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.141.59),meeting sleep duration guidelines only(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.081.39),and meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity+nightly sleep duration guidelines(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.011.54).For girls in 7th9th grades,the following trend was observed:meeting none of the guidelines(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.011.67).Conclusion:Very few Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines.Age(negatively correlated),parental education level,and family income(both positively correlated)were correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines.Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB,especially in the youngest age group(Grades 46);and girls in the middle age group(Grades 79)were also more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB.Further research studies should explore additional correlates and determinants for meeting the 24-h movement guidelines.Also,future studies should use longitudinal or interventional designs to determine the relationships between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and OW/OB and other health indicators,while taking sex and age differences into account.展开更多
Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the lifespan.Consistent with this integrated movement behavior par...Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the lifespan.Consistent with this integrated movement behavior paradigm,a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age groups.The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors,or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines,and multiple health indicators across the lifespan.Methods:Five online databases(PsycINFO,PubMed,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,and Ovid MEDLINE)were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria,with no study design limits.The methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.Results:A total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria.A total of 31 studies examined adherence(meeting vs.not meeting)to 24-h movement guidelines,and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors.Findings indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were(1)not associated with adiposity among toddlers,(2)favorably associated with health-related quality of life,social-cognitive development,and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers,(3)favorably associated with global cognition,health-related quality of life,and healthy dietary patterns in children,and(4)favorably associated with adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,mental,social,and emotional health among children and youth.Significant associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of(1)adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers,(2)health-related quality of life among children,(3)adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,social,and emotional health among children and youth,(4)cardiometabolic health in adults,(5)adiposity and fitness among adults and older adults,and(6)mental health and risk of mortality among older adults.The quality of the available evidence ranged from poor to good.Conclusion:The current evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health at all ages and that meeting the current 24-h movement guidelines is associated with a number of desirable health indicators in children and youth.Future studies should employ longitudinal and experimental designs,include valid and reliable measures of 24-h movement behaviors,and examine a wide array of health indicators across all age groups.Such studies would confirm the results from the primarily cross-sectional evidence drawn from studies included in our review and further advance our understanding of the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and health.展开更多
Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the fea...Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the feasibility, objectivity, and reliability evidence for the assessment.Methods: An expert advisory group recommended a course format for the assessment that would require children to complete a series of dynamic movement skills. Criterion-referenced skill performance and completion time were the recommended forms of evaluation. Children, 8–12 years of age, self-reported their age and gender and then completed the study assessments while attending local schools or day camps. Face validity was previously established through a Delphi expert(n = 19, 21% female) review process. Convergent validity was evaluated by age and gender associations with assessment performance. Inter-and intra-rater(n = 53, 34% female) objectivity and test–retest(n = 60, 47% female) reliability were assessed through repeated test administration.Results: Median total score was 21 of 28 points(range 5–28). Median completion time was 17 s. Total scores were feasible for all 995 children who self-reported age and gender. Total score did not differ between inside and outside environments(95% confidence interval(CI) of difference:-0.7 to 0.6;p = 0.91) or with/without footwear(95%CI of difference:-2.5 to 1.9; p = 0.77). Older age(p < 0.001, η2= 0.15) and male gender(p < 0.001, η2= 0.02)were associated with a higher total score. Inter-rater objectivity evidence was excellent(intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) = 0.99) for completion time and substantial for skill score(ICC = 0.69) for 104 attempts by 53 children(34% female). Intra-rater objectivity was moderate(ICC = 0.52) for skill score and excellent for completion time(ICC = 0.99). Reliability was excellent for completion time over a short(2–4 days; ICC = 0.84) or long(8–14days; ICC = 0.82) interval. Skill score reliability was moderate(ICC = 0.46) over a short interval, and substantial(ICC = 0.74) over a long interval.Conclusion: The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment is a feasible measure of selected fundamental, complex and combined movement skills, which are an important building block for childhood physical literacy. Moderate-to-excellent objectivity was demonstrated for children 8–12 years of age. Test–retest reliability has been established over an interval of at least 1 week. The time and skill scores can be accurately estimated by 1 trained examiner.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more and less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the coronavirus disease...Purpose:The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more and less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)outbreak.Methods:Data for this study were from a nationally representative sample of 1472 Canadian parents(Meanage=45.12,SD=7.55)of children(511 years old)or youth(1217 years old).Data were collected in April 2020 via an online survey.Survey items assessed demographic,behavioral,social,micro-environmental,and macro-environmental characteristics.Four decision trees of adherence and non-adherence to all movement recommendations combined and each individual movement recommendation(physical activity(PA),screen time,and sleep)were generated.Results:Results revealed specific combinations of adherence and non-adherence characteristics.Characteristics associated with adherence to the recommendation(s)included high parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,annual household income ofCAD 100,000,increases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,being a boy,having parents younger than 43 years old,and small increases in children’s and youth’s sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak began.Characteristics associated with non-adherence to the recommendation(s)included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,youth aged 1217 years,decreases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,primary residences located in all provinces except Quebec,low parental perceived capability to support children’s and youth’s sleep and PA,and annual household income ofCAD 99,999.Conclusion:Our results show that specific characteristics interact to contribute to(non)adherence to the movement behavior recommendations.Results highlight the importance of targeting parents’perceived capability for the promotion of children’s and youth’s movement behaviors during challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic,paying particular attention to enhancing parental perceived capability to restrict screen time.展开更多
Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring...Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring and optimizing the health and quality of life(QoL)of children and adolescents.However,this topic has yet to be examined for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)specifically.The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and several QoLrelated indicators among a national sample of American children and adolescents with ASD.Methods:Data were taken from the 2020 U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health dataset.Participants(n=956)aged 617 years and currently diagnosed with ASD were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines.Outcomes were QoL indicators,including learning interest/curiosity,repeating grades,adaptive ability,victimization by bullying,and behavioral problems.Categorical variables were described with unweighted sample counts and weighted percentages.Age,sex,race,preterm birth status,medication,behavioral treatment,household poverty level,and the educational level of the primary caregivers were included as covariates.Odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were used to present the strength of association between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and QoL-related indicators.Results:Overall,452 participants(45.34%)met 1 of the 3 recommendations,216(22.65%)met 2 recommendations,whereas only 39 participants(5.04%)met all 3 recommendations.Compared with meeting none of the recommendations,meeting both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=3.92,95%CI:1.639.48,p<0.001)or all 3 recommendations(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.034.35,p=0.04)was associated with higher odds of showing learning interest/curiosity.Meeting both screen time and PA recommendations(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.040.61,p<0.05)or both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.070.87,p<0.05)was associated with lower odds of repeating any grades.With respect to adaptive ability,participants who met only the PA recommendation of the 24-HMB were less likely to have difficulties dressing or bathing(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.020.66,p<0.05)than those who did not.For participants who met all 3 recommendations(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.150.99,p=0.05),the odds of being victimized by bullying was lower.Participants who adhered to both sleep duration and PA recommendations were less likely to present with severe behavioral problems(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.040.71,p<0.05)than those who did not meet those guidelines.Conclusion:Significant associations were found between adhering to 24-HMB guidelines and selected QoL indicators.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle as a key factor in promoting and preserving the QoL of children with ASD.展开更多
Purpose.This study aimed to examine the levels and correlates of 24-h movement behaviors(i.e.,physical activity,sedentary time,and sleep),and different patterns of these behaviors in a nationally representative sample...Purpose.This study aimed to examine the levels and correlates of 24-h movement behaviors(i.e.,physical activity,sedentary time,and sleep),and different patterns of these behaviors in a nationally representative sample of South Koreans aged 12 years and older.This study also aimed to examine the sociodemographic correlates of 24?h movement behaviors stratified by age groups.Methods.Self-reported,repeated cross-sectional data from 10,708 participants in the 2014 and 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys were used.Key variables included moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,walking,active transportation,sedentary time,and sleep.Sociodemographic variables included age,sex,household income,area of residence,and education level.Descriptive statistics by sex and age as well as general linear models by age group were performed.Results.The proportions of individuals meeting the moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,and sleep guidelines were,respectively,21.6%,22.1%,and 32.5%in male youth;6.9%,4.5%,and 22.8%in female youth;55.5%,30.8%,and 54.0%in male adults;48.8%,14.4%,and 57.6%in female adults;44.0%,30.6%,and 45.5%in male older adults;and 29.5%,8.9%,and 37.3%in female older adults.The proportions of individuals showing the most ideal combinations of 24-h movement behaviors were only 3.2%in youth,0.4%in adults,and 0 in older adults.Universally,older age,female sex,or living in metro Seoul were associated with unfavorable patterns of 24-h movement behaviors across different age groups.However,the associations of income and education with movement behaviors were mixed across age groups.Conclusion.Overall,the proportion of South Koreans with a healthy 24-h movement behavior pattern is low.The sociodemographic correlates of different types of 24-h movement behaviors should be considered when designing targeted interventions for the promotion of healthy active living for South Koreans.展开更多
1.Light intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to ...1.Light intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidelines are recommendations for light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisurely pace of 3 km/h or less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).展开更多
A new paradigm employing 24-h movement guidelines that combines recommendations for movement behaviors across the whole day(physical activities of all intensities,sedentary behaviors,and sleep)is gaining momentum arou...A new paradigm employing 24-h movement guidelines that combines recommendations for movement behaviors across the whole day(physical activities of all intensities,sedentary behaviors,and sleep)is gaining momentum around the globe,and several jurisdictions are developing and releasing evidence-informed public health guidelines embracing this approach.1,2 The Sedentary Behavior Research Network(SBRN),the world’s largest network of researchers and health professionals focusing specifically on the health impact of sedentary behaviors,embraces this new paradigm and has worked to normalize the integration of sedentary behaviors into the movement-behavior paradigm.展开更多
Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For inst...Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels.Also,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice.Thus,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender inequalities.Methods:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019.MVPA was self-reported.Participants were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)adolescents.Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates.Analyses were stratified by country and region.Results:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week.This prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions were<77%.The prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)vs.Prevalence ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between regions.Gender differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest adolescents.Priorities for physical activity promotion among adolescents should include increasing access/opportunities for physical activity among those who do not achieve≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week and reducing gender inequalities.展开更多
Purpose:The objective of this scoping review was to summarize systematically the available literature investigating the relationships between the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and movement behaviors(physi...Purpose:The objective of this scoping review was to summarize systematically the available literature investigating the relationships between the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and movement behaviors(physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)of school-aged children(aged 511 years)and youth(aged 1217 years)in the first year of the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:Searches for published literature were conducted across 6 databases on 2 separate search dates(November 25,2020,and January 27,2021).Results were screened and extracted by 2 reviewers(DCP and KR)independently,using Covidence.Basic numeric analysis and content analysis were undertaken to present thematically the findings of included studies according to the associated impact on each movement behavior.Results:A total of 1486 records were extracted from database searches;of those,150 met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis.Of 150 articles,110 were empirical studies examining physical activity(n=77),sedentary behavior/screen time(n=58),and sleep(n=55).Results consistently reported declines in physical-activity time,increases in screen time and total sedentary behavior,shifts to later bed and wake times,and increases in sleep duration.The reported impacts on movement behaviors were greater for youth than for children.Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic is related to changes in the quantity and nature of physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep among children and youth.There is an urgent need for policy makers,practitioners,and researchers to develop solutions for attenuating adverse changes in physical activity and screen time among children and youth.展开更多
1.Background The importance of physical activity(PA)for health is unequivocal.^(1)Accordingly,population-based recommendations for exercise,and more recently public health guidelines for PA,have been developed and rel...1.Background The importance of physical activity(PA)for health is unequivocal.^(1)Accordingly,population-based recommendations for exercise,and more recently public health guidelines for PA,have been developed and released by authoritative groups for many decades.^(2)Such guidelines emerged with leadership from the exercise physiology discipline and were rooted in,and loyal to,the importance of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)or exercise.展开更多
1.Background The Olympic motto,"Faster,Higher,Stronger-Together",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic values...1.Background The Olympic motto,"Faster,Higher,Stronger-Together",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic values.Both the motto and values are multifaceted and holistic in nature,and all-encompassing in their reach while recognizing no single entity rises above the others.Collectively,these foundational statements anchor the Olympic movement in its quest to build a better world through sport.展开更多
1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconn...1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large Spanish prospective cohort.Methods:We analyz...Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large Spanish prospective cohort.Methods:We analyzed data from 14,288 participants of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra(SUN)Project,followed for a mean of 12.8 years(mean baseline age=38.3 years;60.1%women).Data were collected at baseline and through biennial follow-up questionnaires(up to 10 waves,depending on year of entry).The participants self-reported 24-h movement behaviors at baseline and were categorized based on the number of guidelines met(0-3).Behaviors were assessed at baseline only;changes in adherence during follow-up were not accounted for.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)for all-cause and cause-specific mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates.Results:Meeting a greater number of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline was associated with a progressively lower risk of all-cause mortality.Compared with those meeting none,the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.52(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.33-0.82)for meeting 1 guideline,0.47(95%CI:0.30-0.73)for meeting 2 guidelines,and 0.44(95%CI:0.28-0.71)for meeting all 3 guidelines.Only adherence to the physical activity guidelines was independently associated with a significantly lower mortality risk(HR=0.70;95%CI:0.55-0.89).A reduced risk was also observed for cancer and other-cause mortality among those meeting 2 or more guidelines.Conclusion:Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline,particularly physical activity,was associated with a lower risk of mortality.Promoting an integrated approach to movement behaviors may be an effective strategy for improving population health and longevity.展开更多
基金supported by a Project Grant(Grant No.PJT183705)an Early Career Investigator Prize(Grant No.ECP 184184)from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research+7 种基金a Prentice Institute Research Affiliate Fund Grant from the Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy(Grant No.G00004116)a Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington Division of Science Health Engineering Architecture and Design Innovation Faculty Strategic Research Grant(Grant No.FSRG-SHEADI-10724)The Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre(TPAK)/Thai Health Promotion Foundation provided funding for the cognitive interviews and pilot study in Thailand(Grant No.66-P1-0473)The University Pablo de Olavide provided a scholarship for 2 undergraduate students working on the project(codes PPI2207 and PPI2308)In the Czech Republicthe study was supported by Palacky University IGA(Grant No.IGA_FTK_2023_017)supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Healthsupported by the Key Project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD197)。
文摘Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.
基金supported by the Grant PID2020-120249RB-I00PID2023-148404OB-100funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+4 种基金by the Andalusian Government(Junta de Andalucía,Plan Andaluz de Investigación,ref.P20_00124)by the Erasmus+Sport Programme of the European Union within the project FitBack4Literacy(No.101089829)Additional support is provided by the University of Granada,Plan Propio de Inves-tigación,Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise,Nutrition and Health(UCEENS)by theCIBERobn Physiopa-thology of Obesity and Nutrition,and by the Spanish Network in Exercise and Health,EXERNET Network(RED2022-134800-Tand EXP_99828).
文摘Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.
基金the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16ZDA227)The first and corresponding authors(STC and YL)are supported by grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.19BTY077)+1 种基金the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.A1904)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Performance(Shanghai University of Sport,No.11DZ2261100)。
文摘Background:Meeting 24-h movement guidelines by children and adolescents has been associated with improved indicators of health,although it has been under-studied in China.Hence,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines,its correlates,and its relationships with body mass index in children and adolescents in China.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the 2017 Youth Study in China of 114,072 children and adolescents(mean age=13.75 years,49.18%boys)were used.Meeting 24-h movement guidelines(60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,2 h of daily leisure screen time,911 h and 810 h nightly sleep duration for 613-year-olds and 1417-year-olds,respectively)and height and weight of all participants were assessed.The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and World Health Organization weight status categories were determined.Generalized linear models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and the relationships of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines with overweight(OW)and obesity(OB).Results:Only 5.12%of Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines,and 22.44%were classified as OW/OB.Older children and adolescents were less likely to meet the 24-h movement guidelines.Parental education level and family income were positively related to meeting the 24-h movement guidelines.Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines showed lower odds ratios for OW/OB.Compared with participants meeting the 24-h movement guidelines,boys in 4th6th grades met none of the recommendations(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.061.40),met the screen time recommendation only(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.011.28),met the nightly sleep duration recommendation only(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.031.28),and had significantly higher odds ratios for OW/OB.Similar trends were observed for girls in 4th6th grades:meeting none of the guidelines(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.141.59),meeting sleep duration guidelines only(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.081.39),and meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity+nightly sleep duration guidelines(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.011.54).For girls in 7th9th grades,the following trend was observed:meeting none of the guidelines(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.011.67).Conclusion:Very few Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines.Age(negatively correlated),parental education level,and family income(both positively correlated)were correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines.Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB,especially in the youngest age group(Grades 46);and girls in the middle age group(Grades 79)were also more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB.Further research studies should explore additional correlates and determinants for meeting the 24-h movement guidelines.Also,future studies should use longitudinal or interventional designs to determine the relationships between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and OW/OB and other health indicators,while taking sex and age differences into account.
文摘Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the lifespan.Consistent with this integrated movement behavior paradigm,a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age groups.The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors,or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines,and multiple health indicators across the lifespan.Methods:Five online databases(PsycINFO,PubMed,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,and Ovid MEDLINE)were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria,with no study design limits.The methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.Results:A total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria.A total of 31 studies examined adherence(meeting vs.not meeting)to 24-h movement guidelines,and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors.Findings indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were(1)not associated with adiposity among toddlers,(2)favorably associated with health-related quality of life,social-cognitive development,and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers,(3)favorably associated with global cognition,health-related quality of life,and healthy dietary patterns in children,and(4)favorably associated with adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,mental,social,and emotional health among children and youth.Significant associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of(1)adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers,(2)health-related quality of life among children,(3)adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,social,and emotional health among children and youth,(4)cardiometabolic health in adults,(5)adiposity and fitness among adults and older adults,and(6)mental health and risk of mortality among older adults.The quality of the available evidence ranged from poor to good.Conclusion:The current evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health at all ages and that meeting the current 24-h movement guidelines is associated with a number of desirable health indicators in children and youth.Future studies should employ longitudinal and experimental designs,include valid and reliable measures of 24-h movement behaviors,and examine a wide array of health indicators across all age groups.Such studies would confirm the results from the primarily cross-sectional evidence drawn from studies included in our review and further advance our understanding of the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and health.
基金funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research awarded to Dr. Meghann Lloyd and Dr. Mark Tremblay (IHD 94356)
文摘Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the feasibility, objectivity, and reliability evidence for the assessment.Methods: An expert advisory group recommended a course format for the assessment that would require children to complete a series of dynamic movement skills. Criterion-referenced skill performance and completion time were the recommended forms of evaluation. Children, 8–12 years of age, self-reported their age and gender and then completed the study assessments while attending local schools or day camps. Face validity was previously established through a Delphi expert(n = 19, 21% female) review process. Convergent validity was evaluated by age and gender associations with assessment performance. Inter-and intra-rater(n = 53, 34% female) objectivity and test–retest(n = 60, 47% female) reliability were assessed through repeated test administration.Results: Median total score was 21 of 28 points(range 5–28). Median completion time was 17 s. Total scores were feasible for all 995 children who self-reported age and gender. Total score did not differ between inside and outside environments(95% confidence interval(CI) of difference:-0.7 to 0.6;p = 0.91) or with/without footwear(95%CI of difference:-2.5 to 1.9; p = 0.77). Older age(p < 0.001, η2= 0.15) and male gender(p < 0.001, η2= 0.02)were associated with a higher total score. Inter-rater objectivity evidence was excellent(intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) = 0.99) for completion time and substantial for skill score(ICC = 0.69) for 104 attempts by 53 children(34% female). Intra-rater objectivity was moderate(ICC = 0.52) for skill score and excellent for completion time(ICC = 0.99). Reliability was excellent for completion time over a short(2–4 days; ICC = 0.84) or long(8–14days; ICC = 0.82) interval. Skill score reliability was moderate(ICC = 0.46) over a short interval, and substantial(ICC = 0.74) over a long interval.Conclusion: The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment is a feasible measure of selected fundamental, complex and combined movement skills, which are an important building block for childhood physical literacy. Moderate-to-excellent objectivity was demonstrated for children 8–12 years of age. Test–retest reliability has been established over an interval of at least 1 week. The time and skill scores can be accurately estimated by 1 trained examiner.
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more and less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)outbreak.Methods:Data for this study were from a nationally representative sample of 1472 Canadian parents(Meanage=45.12,SD=7.55)of children(511 years old)or youth(1217 years old).Data were collected in April 2020 via an online survey.Survey items assessed demographic,behavioral,social,micro-environmental,and macro-environmental characteristics.Four decision trees of adherence and non-adherence to all movement recommendations combined and each individual movement recommendation(physical activity(PA),screen time,and sleep)were generated.Results:Results revealed specific combinations of adherence and non-adherence characteristics.Characteristics associated with adherence to the recommendation(s)included high parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,annual household income ofCAD 100,000,increases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,being a boy,having parents younger than 43 years old,and small increases in children’s and youth’s sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak began.Characteristics associated with non-adherence to the recommendation(s)included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,youth aged 1217 years,decreases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,primary residences located in all provinces except Quebec,low parental perceived capability to support children’s and youth’s sleep and PA,and annual household income ofCAD 99,999.Conclusion:Our results show that specific characteristics interact to contribute to(non)adherence to the movement behavior recommendations.Results highlight the importance of targeting parents’perceived capability for the promotion of children’s and youth’s movement behaviors during challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic,paying particular attention to enhancing parental perceived capability to restrict screen time.
基金supported by Start-up Research Grant of Shenzhen University(20200807163056003)Start-Up Research Grant(PeacockPlan:20191105534C).
文摘Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring and optimizing the health and quality of life(QoL)of children and adolescents.However,this topic has yet to be examined for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)specifically.The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and several QoLrelated indicators among a national sample of American children and adolescents with ASD.Methods:Data were taken from the 2020 U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health dataset.Participants(n=956)aged 617 years and currently diagnosed with ASD were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines.Outcomes were QoL indicators,including learning interest/curiosity,repeating grades,adaptive ability,victimization by bullying,and behavioral problems.Categorical variables were described with unweighted sample counts and weighted percentages.Age,sex,race,preterm birth status,medication,behavioral treatment,household poverty level,and the educational level of the primary caregivers were included as covariates.Odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were used to present the strength of association between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and QoL-related indicators.Results:Overall,452 participants(45.34%)met 1 of the 3 recommendations,216(22.65%)met 2 recommendations,whereas only 39 participants(5.04%)met all 3 recommendations.Compared with meeting none of the recommendations,meeting both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=3.92,95%CI:1.639.48,p<0.001)or all 3 recommendations(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.034.35,p=0.04)was associated with higher odds of showing learning interest/curiosity.Meeting both screen time and PA recommendations(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.040.61,p<0.05)or both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.070.87,p<0.05)was associated with lower odds of repeating any grades.With respect to adaptive ability,participants who met only the PA recommendation of the 24-HMB were less likely to have difficulties dressing or bathing(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.020.66,p<0.05)than those who did not.For participants who met all 3 recommendations(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.150.99,p=0.05),the odds of being victimized by bullying was lower.Participants who adhered to both sleep duration and PA recommendations were less likely to present with severe behavioral problems(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.040.71,p<0.05)than those who did not meet those guidelines.Conclusion:Significant associations were found between adhering to 24-HMB guidelines and selected QoL indicators.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle as a key factor in promoting and preserving the QoL of children with ASD.
文摘Purpose.This study aimed to examine the levels and correlates of 24-h movement behaviors(i.e.,physical activity,sedentary time,and sleep),and different patterns of these behaviors in a nationally representative sample of South Koreans aged 12 years and older.This study also aimed to examine the sociodemographic correlates of 24?h movement behaviors stratified by age groups.Methods.Self-reported,repeated cross-sectional data from 10,708 participants in the 2014 and 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys were used.Key variables included moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,walking,active transportation,sedentary time,and sleep.Sociodemographic variables included age,sex,household income,area of residence,and education level.Descriptive statistics by sex and age as well as general linear models by age group were performed.Results.The proportions of individuals meeting the moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,and sleep guidelines were,respectively,21.6%,22.1%,and 32.5%in male youth;6.9%,4.5%,and 22.8%in female youth;55.5%,30.8%,and 54.0%in male adults;48.8%,14.4%,and 57.6%in female adults;44.0%,30.6%,and 45.5%in male older adults;and 29.5%,8.9%,and 37.3%in female older adults.The proportions of individuals showing the most ideal combinations of 24-h movement behaviors were only 3.2%in youth,0.4%in adults,and 0 in older adults.Universally,older age,female sex,or living in metro Seoul were associated with unfavorable patterns of 24-h movement behaviors across different age groups.However,the associations of income and education with movement behaviors were mixed across age groups.Conclusion.Overall,the proportion of South Koreans with a healthy 24-h movement behavior pattern is low.The sociodemographic correlates of different types of 24-h movement behaviors should be considered when designing targeted interventions for the promotion of healthy active living for South Koreans.
文摘1.Light intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidelines are recommendations for light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisurely pace of 3 km/h or less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).
文摘A new paradigm employing 24-h movement guidelines that combines recommendations for movement behaviors across the whole day(physical activities of all intensities,sedentary behaviors,and sleep)is gaining momentum around the globe,and several jurisdictions are developing and releasing evidence-informed public health guidelines embracing this approach.1,2 The Sedentary Behavior Research Network(SBRN),the world’s largest network of researchers and health professionals focusing specifically on the health impact of sedentary behaviors,embraces this new paradigm and has worked to normalize the integration of sedentary behaviors into the movement-behavior paradigm.
基金supported by the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)with a PhD scholarship(CAPES process:88887.605034/2021-00,88887.605029/2021-00,and 88887.694146/2022-00,respectively)supported by the S?o Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)with a PhD scholarship(FAPESP process:2019/24124-7)。
文摘Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels.Also,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice.Thus,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender inequalities.Methods:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019.MVPA was self-reported.Participants were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)adolescents.Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates.Analyses were stratified by country and region.Results:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week.This prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions were<77%.The prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)vs.Prevalence ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between regions.Gender differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest adolescents.Priorities for physical activity promotion among adolescents should include increasing access/opportunities for physical activity among those who do not achieve≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week and reducing gender inequalities.
文摘Purpose:The objective of this scoping review was to summarize systematically the available literature investigating the relationships between the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and movement behaviors(physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)of school-aged children(aged 511 years)and youth(aged 1217 years)in the first year of the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:Searches for published literature were conducted across 6 databases on 2 separate search dates(November 25,2020,and January 27,2021).Results were screened and extracted by 2 reviewers(DCP and KR)independently,using Covidence.Basic numeric analysis and content analysis were undertaken to present thematically the findings of included studies according to the associated impact on each movement behavior.Results:A total of 1486 records were extracted from database searches;of those,150 met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis.Of 150 articles,110 were empirical studies examining physical activity(n=77),sedentary behavior/screen time(n=58),and sleep(n=55).Results consistently reported declines in physical-activity time,increases in screen time and total sedentary behavior,shifts to later bed and wake times,and increases in sleep duration.The reported impacts on movement behaviors were greater for youth than for children.Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic is related to changes in the quantity and nature of physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep among children and youth.There is an urgent need for policy makers,practitioners,and researchers to develop solutions for attenuating adverse changes in physical activity and screen time among children and youth.
基金supported in part by an anonymous donation to develop the Precision Child and Youth Mental Health Initiative
文摘1.Background The importance of physical activity(PA)for health is unequivocal.^(1)Accordingly,population-based recommendations for exercise,and more recently public health guidelines for PA,have been developed and released by authoritative groups for many decades.^(2)Such guidelines emerged with leadership from the exercise physiology discipline and were rooted in,and loyal to,the importance of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)or exercise.
文摘1.Background The Olympic motto,"Faster,Higher,Stronger-Together",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic values.Both the motto and values are multifaceted and holistic in nature,and all-encompassing in their reach while recognizing no single entity rises above the others.Collectively,these foundational statements anchor the Olympic movement in its quest to build a better world through sport.
文摘1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large Spanish prospective cohort.Methods:We analyzed data from 14,288 participants of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra(SUN)Project,followed for a mean of 12.8 years(mean baseline age=38.3 years;60.1%women).Data were collected at baseline and through biennial follow-up questionnaires(up to 10 waves,depending on year of entry).The participants self-reported 24-h movement behaviors at baseline and were categorized based on the number of guidelines met(0-3).Behaviors were assessed at baseline only;changes in adherence during follow-up were not accounted for.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)for all-cause and cause-specific mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates.Results:Meeting a greater number of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline was associated with a progressively lower risk of all-cause mortality.Compared with those meeting none,the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.52(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.33-0.82)for meeting 1 guideline,0.47(95%CI:0.30-0.73)for meeting 2 guidelines,and 0.44(95%CI:0.28-0.71)for meeting all 3 guidelines.Only adherence to the physical activity guidelines was independently associated with a significantly lower mortality risk(HR=0.70;95%CI:0.55-0.89).A reduced risk was also observed for cancer and other-cause mortality among those meeting 2 or more guidelines.Conclusion:Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline,particularly physical activity,was associated with a lower risk of mortality.Promoting an integrated approach to movement behaviors may be an effective strategy for improving population health and longevity.
