The advancement of self-driving technologies facilitates the emergence of autonomous minibuses(ABs)in public transportation,which could provide flexible,reliable,and safe mobility services.This study develops an AB ro...The advancement of self-driving technologies facilitates the emergence of autonomous minibuses(ABs)in public transportation,which could provide flexible,reliable,and safe mobility services.This study develops an AB routing and scheduling model considering each passenger’s arrival reliability and travel risk.Firstly,to guarantee each passenger’s arrival on time,the arrival reliability(a predetermined threshold of on-time arrival probability ofα=0.9)is included in the constraints.Secondly,three objectives,including system costs,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and travel risk,are optimized in the model.To assess the travel risk of ABs,an enhanced method based on kernel density estimation(KDE)is proposed.Thirdly,an advanced multi-objective adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm(MOALNS)is designed to find the Pareto optimal set.Finally,experiments are conducted in Shanghai to validate model performance.Results show that it can decrease GHG emissions(−2.12%)and risk(−9.47%),while only increasing costs by 2.02%.Furthermore,the proposed arrival reliability constraint can improve an average of 14.70%of passengers to meet their arrival reliability requirement(α=0.9).展开更多
1.Introduction The on-demand automated bus(OAB)is a flexible,passenger-centric mobility service that uses small,electric,self-driving(mini)buses for public transport(Buics and Prayogo,2023).It is a typical integration...1.Introduction The on-demand automated bus(OAB)is a flexible,passenger-centric mobility service that uses small,electric,self-driving(mini)buses for public transport(Buics and Prayogo,2023).It is a typical integration of autonomous driving and shared mobility.Frequently associated with electrification,OAB's operation in the real world could contribute substantially to decarbonization efforts.The transport sector has been one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonize.The urgency to reduce CO_(2) emissions,however,has put significant pressure on governments to adopt and implement measures and technologies to address transport emissions.The significant policy focus on electrification has seen large investments in the battery and vehicle industry,as well as the energy sector.It has also syphoned significant public funds to encourage people to shift toward electricity.However,some of these pathways remain critical for decarbonization.Creutzig et al.(2018)showed that the shift to electrification of the transport system will not be fast enough or sufficient to achieve effective reductions in CO_(2)emissions.Indeed,electric vehicle uptake is still low in many countries across the world despite statements that point toward the“end”of internal combustion engine vehicles.It is therefore important to extend the discussion and efforts to include all elements of the transport system,including the much-needed modal shift to public transport.OABs could act as an important public transport mode with electrification and low carbon emissions.展开更多
So far we have plenty of evidence that show how active travel,defined broadly here as walking and cycling,and encompassing multimodality with public transport and the use of a variety of micromobility options,affect p...So far we have plenty of evidence that show how active travel,defined broadly here as walking and cycling,and encompassing multimodality with public transport and the use of a variety of micromobility options,affect positively the environment and public health,reduce car congestion in urban roads,and is the most effective solution towards decarbonisation.However,in many parts of the world and in many cities we still see a gap in the transport policies that prioritize active travel,with most policies still focusing on the car and its supporting infrastructures of more and wider roads,more parking and so on.Even the decarbonisation discourse is riddled with references to the electric,maybe shared,autonomous car as being the sustainable solution for the future.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71971162 and 52372339).
文摘The advancement of self-driving technologies facilitates the emergence of autonomous minibuses(ABs)in public transportation,which could provide flexible,reliable,and safe mobility services.This study develops an AB routing and scheduling model considering each passenger’s arrival reliability and travel risk.Firstly,to guarantee each passenger’s arrival on time,the arrival reliability(a predetermined threshold of on-time arrival probability ofα=0.9)is included in the constraints.Secondly,three objectives,including system costs,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and travel risk,are optimized in the model.To assess the travel risk of ABs,an enhanced method based on kernel density estimation(KDE)is proposed.Thirdly,an advanced multi-objective adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm(MOALNS)is designed to find the Pareto optimal set.Finally,experiments are conducted in Shanghai to validate model performance.Results show that it can decrease GHG emissions(−2.12%)and risk(−9.47%),while only increasing costs by 2.02%.Furthermore,the proposed arrival reliability constraint can improve an average of 14.70%of passengers to meet their arrival reliability requirement(α=0.9).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372339)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022-5-YB-07).
文摘1.Introduction The on-demand automated bus(OAB)is a flexible,passenger-centric mobility service that uses small,electric,self-driving(mini)buses for public transport(Buics and Prayogo,2023).It is a typical integration of autonomous driving and shared mobility.Frequently associated with electrification,OAB's operation in the real world could contribute substantially to decarbonization efforts.The transport sector has been one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonize.The urgency to reduce CO_(2) emissions,however,has put significant pressure on governments to adopt and implement measures and technologies to address transport emissions.The significant policy focus on electrification has seen large investments in the battery and vehicle industry,as well as the energy sector.It has also syphoned significant public funds to encourage people to shift toward electricity.However,some of these pathways remain critical for decarbonization.Creutzig et al.(2018)showed that the shift to electrification of the transport system will not be fast enough or sufficient to achieve effective reductions in CO_(2)emissions.Indeed,electric vehicle uptake is still low in many countries across the world despite statements that point toward the“end”of internal combustion engine vehicles.It is therefore important to extend the discussion and efforts to include all elements of the transport system,including the much-needed modal shift to public transport.OABs could act as an important public transport mode with electrification and low carbon emissions.
文摘So far we have plenty of evidence that show how active travel,defined broadly here as walking and cycling,and encompassing multimodality with public transport and the use of a variety of micromobility options,affect positively the environment and public health,reduce car congestion in urban roads,and is the most effective solution towards decarbonisation.However,in many parts of the world and in many cities we still see a gap in the transport policies that prioritize active travel,with most policies still focusing on the car and its supporting infrastructures of more and wider roads,more parking and so on.Even the decarbonisation discourse is riddled with references to the electric,maybe shared,autonomous car as being the sustainable solution for the future.
