District Ghizer is a rugged mountainous territory which experiences several landslides each year. There are 16 major landslide areas and 53 villages that are at high risk to hazards. Keeping in view the severity of na...District Ghizer is a rugged mountainous territory which experiences several landslides each year. There are 16 major landslide areas and 53 villages that are at high risk to hazards. Keeping in view the severity of natural hazards, the present study was designed to generate landslide susceptibility map based on twelve causative factors viz., slope, aspect, elevation, drainage network, Stream Power Index (SPI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), lithological units, fault lines, rainfall, road network, land cover and soil texture. Soil texture was determined by particle size analysis and data for other factors were acquired from freely available sources. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to identify major landslide causative factors in the district Ghizer. Further, a temporal assessment from 1999 till 2015 was generated to assess the impact of land cover change on landslides. It indicated that the barren soil/ exposed rocks and glaciers have reduced while the vegetation and water classes have shown increment. The total area that lies in moderate to very high landslide susceptible zones was 74.38%, while slope is the main landslide causative factor in the district Ghizer. Validation of the susceptibility map showed 88.1% of the landslides in the study area had occurred in the moderate to very high susceptible zones.展开更多
Hypochromic microcytic anaemia includes iron deficiency, anaemia of chronic disorders, beta thalassemia trait and sideroblastic anaemia. To rule out the cause of hypochromic microcytic anaemia is a diagnostic difficul...Hypochromic microcytic anaemia includes iron deficiency, anaemia of chronic disorders, beta thalassemia trait and sideroblastic anaemia. To rule out the cause of hypochromic microcytic anaemia is a diagnostic difficulty. The conventional laboratory tests used for diagnosis have few disadvantages. Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) is the most reliable method for assessment of body iron. Eighty four children were included in this study. They were further divided into four groups: iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), beta thalassemia trait (β TT) and controls. Children withIDAand ACD were diagnosed on the basis of history and serum iron profile. Subjects with β TT had HbA2 > 3.5%. sTfR were performed on all subjects. Level of sTfR in patients withIDAwas 5.79 μg/ml ± 1.3 μg/ml. In patients with anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), β thalassemia trait and controls mean sTfR were 2.18 μg/ml ± 0.6 μg/ml, 2.1μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml and 2.0 μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml respectively. These results show level of sTfR was raised in IDA when compared with controls or ACD and β TT (p展开更多
文摘District Ghizer is a rugged mountainous territory which experiences several landslides each year. There are 16 major landslide areas and 53 villages that are at high risk to hazards. Keeping in view the severity of natural hazards, the present study was designed to generate landslide susceptibility map based on twelve causative factors viz., slope, aspect, elevation, drainage network, Stream Power Index (SPI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), lithological units, fault lines, rainfall, road network, land cover and soil texture. Soil texture was determined by particle size analysis and data for other factors were acquired from freely available sources. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to identify major landslide causative factors in the district Ghizer. Further, a temporal assessment from 1999 till 2015 was generated to assess the impact of land cover change on landslides. It indicated that the barren soil/ exposed rocks and glaciers have reduced while the vegetation and water classes have shown increment. The total area that lies in moderate to very high landslide susceptible zones was 74.38%, while slope is the main landslide causative factor in the district Ghizer. Validation of the susceptibility map showed 88.1% of the landslides in the study area had occurred in the moderate to very high susceptible zones.
文摘Hypochromic microcytic anaemia includes iron deficiency, anaemia of chronic disorders, beta thalassemia trait and sideroblastic anaemia. To rule out the cause of hypochromic microcytic anaemia is a diagnostic difficulty. The conventional laboratory tests used for diagnosis have few disadvantages. Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) is the most reliable method for assessment of body iron. Eighty four children were included in this study. They were further divided into four groups: iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), beta thalassemia trait (β TT) and controls. Children withIDAand ACD were diagnosed on the basis of history and serum iron profile. Subjects with β TT had HbA2 > 3.5%. sTfR were performed on all subjects. Level of sTfR in patients withIDAwas 5.79 μg/ml ± 1.3 μg/ml. In patients with anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), β thalassemia trait and controls mean sTfR were 2.18 μg/ml ± 0.6 μg/ml, 2.1μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml and 2.0 μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml respectively. These results show level of sTfR was raised in IDA when compared with controls or ACD and β TT (p
