Regenerative endodontic procedures(REPs)is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis.The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex,extend t...Regenerative endodontic procedures(REPs)is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis.The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex,extend the tooth longevity and restore the normal function.Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of REPs in promotion of root development through case reports,case series,cohort studies,and randomized controlled studies.However,variations in clinical protocols for REPs exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the research field of regenerative endodontics.The heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners,thus guidelines and considerations of REPs should be explicated.This expert consensus mainly discusses the biological foundation,the available clinical protocols and current status of REPs in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis,as well as the main complications of this treatment,aiming at refining the clinical management of REPs in accordance with the progress of basic researches and clinical studies,suggesting REPs may become a more consistently evidence-based option in dental treatment.展开更多
The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond...The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli.However,the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials.This review presents a redefinition of the term“Smart Biomaterial”and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration.To clarify the use of the term“smart biomaterials”,we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit,defining these materials as inert,active,responsive,and autonomous.Then,we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues,based on the materials’responses(external and internal stimuli)and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials.Finally,we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research(bench)to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies.展开更多
In breast cancer grading,the subtle differences between HE-stained pathological images and the insufficient number of data samples lead to grading inefficiency.With its rapid development,deep learning technology has b...In breast cancer grading,the subtle differences between HE-stained pathological images and the insufficient number of data samples lead to grading inefficiency.With its rapid development,deep learning technology has been widely used for automatic breast cancer grading based on pathological images.In this paper,we propose an integrated breast cancer grading framework based on a fusion deep learning model,which uses three different convolutional neural networks as submodels to extract feature information at different levels from pathological images.Then,the output features of each submodel are learned by the fusion network based on stacking to generate the final decision results.To validate the effectiveness and reliability of our proposed model,we perform dichotomous and multiclassification experiments on the Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(IDC)pathological image dataset and a generated dataset and compare its performance with those of the state-of-the-art models.The classification accuracy of the proposed fusion network is 93.8%,the recall is 93.5%,and the F1 score is 93.8%,which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli(e.g.,mechanical,chemical,electrical,or magnetic signals).The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and developme...Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli(e.g.,mechanical,chemical,electrical,or magnetic signals).The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and development of smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications in dentistry.These biomaterial systems offer improved efficacy and controllable bio-functionalities to prevent infections and extend the longevity of dental devices.This review article presents the current state-of-the-art of design,evaluation,advantages,and limitations of bioactive and stimuli-responsive and autonomous dental materials for antimicrobial applications.First,the importance and classification of smart biomaterials are discussed.Second,the categories of bioresponsive antibacterial dental materials are systematically itemized based on different stimuli,including pH,enzymes,light,magnetic field,and vibrations.For each category,their antimicrobial mechanism,applications,and examples are discussed.Finally,we examined the limitations and obstacles required to develop clinically relevant applications of these appealing technologies.展开更多
文摘Regenerative endodontic procedures(REPs)is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis.The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex,extend the tooth longevity and restore the normal function.Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of REPs in promotion of root development through case reports,case series,cohort studies,and randomized controlled studies.However,variations in clinical protocols for REPs exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the research field of regenerative endodontics.The heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners,thus guidelines and considerations of REPs should be explicated.This expert consensus mainly discusses the biological foundation,the available clinical protocols and current status of REPs in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis,as well as the main complications of this treatment,aiming at refining the clinical management of REPs in accordance with the progress of basic researches and clinical studies,suggesting REPs may become a more consistently evidence-based option in dental treatment.
基金support from a bridge grant from the Temple Office of the Vice President for Research(OVPR).
文摘The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli.However,the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials.This review presents a redefinition of the term“Smart Biomaterial”and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration.To clarify the use of the term“smart biomaterials”,we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit,defining these materials as inert,active,responsive,and autonomous.Then,we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues,based on the materials’responses(external and internal stimuli)and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials.Finally,we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research(bench)to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies.
文摘In breast cancer grading,the subtle differences between HE-stained pathological images and the insufficient number of data samples lead to grading inefficiency.With its rapid development,deep learning technology has been widely used for automatic breast cancer grading based on pathological images.In this paper,we propose an integrated breast cancer grading framework based on a fusion deep learning model,which uses three different convolutional neural networks as submodels to extract feature information at different levels from pathological images.Then,the output features of each submodel are learned by the fusion network based on stacking to generate the final decision results.To validate the effectiveness and reliability of our proposed model,we perform dichotomous and multiclassification experiments on the Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(IDC)pathological image dataset and a generated dataset and compare its performance with those of the state-of-the-art models.The classification accuracy of the proposed fusion network is 93.8%,the recall is 93.5%,and the F1 score is 93.8%,which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
文摘Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli(e.g.,mechanical,chemical,electrical,or magnetic signals).The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and development of smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications in dentistry.These biomaterial systems offer improved efficacy and controllable bio-functionalities to prevent infections and extend the longevity of dental devices.This review article presents the current state-of-the-art of design,evaluation,advantages,and limitations of bioactive and stimuli-responsive and autonomous dental materials for antimicrobial applications.First,the importance and classification of smart biomaterials are discussed.Second,the categories of bioresponsive antibacterial dental materials are systematically itemized based on different stimuli,including pH,enzymes,light,magnetic field,and vibrations.For each category,their antimicrobial mechanism,applications,and examples are discussed.Finally,we examined the limitations and obstacles required to develop clinically relevant applications of these appealing technologies.
