It is not easy for liquid cationic flocculant diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride(DM) homopolymer to simultaneously exhibit both low viscosity and high polymer content, which limited its application in offshore oilfield...It is not easy for liquid cationic flocculant diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride(DM) homopolymer to simultaneously exhibit both low viscosity and high polymer content, which limited its application in offshore oilfield.In this paper, sodium allylsulfonate(XS) and sodium formate were used in the aqueous solution polymerization of DM.An amphoteric flocculant(PDMXS) with the properties of high polymer content(about 55 wt%) and low viscosity(efflux time measured by an Apply 4 viscometer was less than 100 s) was prepared.The optimum reaction conditions were identified as follows: the mass ratio of XS/DM was 10 wt%, the concentration of sodium formate was 2000 mg·L^(-1), reaction temperature was 55 ℃, the concentration of KPS was 0.5 wt% and the reaction time was 4 h.The polymerization kinetics was discussed.The results showed that R_p∝ [M]^(1.97)[I]^(0.68)[CTA]^(0.71) and the apparent activation energy was 72.55 kJ·mol^(-1).展开更多
The past years have witnessed a phenomenal growth of the mobile payment market,but how mobile payment affects purchase behavior receives less attention from academics.Recent studies suggested that lower pain of paying...The past years have witnessed a phenomenal growth of the mobile payment market,but how mobile payment affects purchase behavior receives less attention from academics.Recent studies suggested that lower pain of paying may not fully clarify the relationship between mobile payment and increased purchases(i.e.,mobile payment effect).The current research first introduced price level in Study 1 and demonstrated that the pain of paying served as an underlying mechanism only in the high-price condition rather than the low-price condition.As such,Study 2 was conducted in a low-price context to address the uncovered mechanisms.We propose a new concept of“pleasure of payment”that is defined as an implicit and consumption-related hedonic response based on the cue theory of consumption.By tracking spontaneous attention to positive attributes(i.e.,benefits)of products,Study 2 demonstrated this implicit pleasure as a psychological mechanism for the mobile payment effect when the pain of paying was not at play.These findings have important implications for mobile payment in research and practice by identifying price level as a boundary condition for the role of pain of paying and understanding the positive downstream consequences of mobile payment usage on consumer psychology.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2016ZX05025003-003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51504201)
文摘It is not easy for liquid cationic flocculant diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride(DM) homopolymer to simultaneously exhibit both low viscosity and high polymer content, which limited its application in offshore oilfield.In this paper, sodium allylsulfonate(XS) and sodium formate were used in the aqueous solution polymerization of DM.An amphoteric flocculant(PDMXS) with the properties of high polymer content(about 55 wt%) and low viscosity(efflux time measured by an Apply 4 viscometer was less than 100 s) was prepared.The optimum reaction conditions were identified as follows: the mass ratio of XS/DM was 10 wt%, the concentration of sodium formate was 2000 mg·L^(-1), reaction temperature was 55 ℃, the concentration of KPS was 0.5 wt% and the reaction time was 4 h.The polymerization kinetics was discussed.The results showed that R_p∝ [M]^(1.97)[I]^(0.68)[CTA]^(0.71) and the apparent activation energy was 72.55 kJ·mol^(-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 71942004)the National Research Fund of China(grant AWS17J011 and grant BWS17J024).
文摘The past years have witnessed a phenomenal growth of the mobile payment market,but how mobile payment affects purchase behavior receives less attention from academics.Recent studies suggested that lower pain of paying may not fully clarify the relationship between mobile payment and increased purchases(i.e.,mobile payment effect).The current research first introduced price level in Study 1 and demonstrated that the pain of paying served as an underlying mechanism only in the high-price condition rather than the low-price condition.As such,Study 2 was conducted in a low-price context to address the uncovered mechanisms.We propose a new concept of“pleasure of payment”that is defined as an implicit and consumption-related hedonic response based on the cue theory of consumption.By tracking spontaneous attention to positive attributes(i.e.,benefits)of products,Study 2 demonstrated this implicit pleasure as a psychological mechanism for the mobile payment effect when the pain of paying was not at play.These findings have important implications for mobile payment in research and practice by identifying price level as a boundary condition for the role of pain of paying and understanding the positive downstream consequences of mobile payment usage on consumer psychology.
