Plenter forests,also known as uneven-aged or continuous cover forests enhance forest resilience and resistance against disturbances compared to even-aged forests.They are considered as an adaptation option to mitigate...Plenter forests,also known as uneven-aged or continuous cover forests enhance forest resilience and resistance against disturbances compared to even-aged forests.They are considered as an adaptation option to mitigate climate change effects.In this study,we present a conceptual approach to determine the potentially suitable area for plenter forest management within central European mixed species forests and apply our approach to the case study area in Styria,the south-eastern Province of Austria.The concept is based on ecological and technicaleconomic constraints and considers expected future climate conditions and its impact on plenter forest management.For each 1 ha forest pixel,we assess the ecological conditions for plenter forest management according to the autecological growth conditions of silver fir,and at least one additional shade tolerant tree species.The technical-economic constraints are defined by slope(≤30%)and distance to the next forest road(≤100 m)to ensure cost-efficient harvesting.The results show that under current climate conditions 28.1%or 305,349 ha of the forests in Styria are potentially suitable for plenter forest management.For the years 2071–2100 and under the climate change scenario RCP 4.5,the potential area decreases to 286,098 ha(26.3%of the total forest area)and for the scenario RCP 8.5 to 208,421 ha(19.1%of the total forest area).The main reason for these changes is the unfavourable growing conditions for silver fir in the lowlands,while in the higher elevations silver fir is likely to expand.Our results may serve forest managers to identify areas suitable for plenter forests and assist in the transformation of even-aged pure forests to uneven-aged forests to increase resistance,resilience,and biodiversity under climate change.展开更多
Rear-edge populations of montane species are known to be vulnerable to environmental change,which could affect them by habitat reduction and isolation.Habitat requirements of two cold-adapted boreo-alpine owl species...Rear-edge populations of montane species are known to be vulnerable to environmental change,which could affect them by habitat reduction and isolation.Habitat requirements of two cold-adapted boreo-alpine owl species—Boreal Owl(Aegolius funereus)and Pygmy Owl(Glaucidium passerinum)—have been studied in refugial montane populations in the western Rhodopes,South Bulgaria.Data on owl presence and forest stand attributes recorded in situ have been used to identify significant predictors for owl occurrence.The results revealed Boreal Owl’s preference for comparatively dense forests(high canopy closure values),big trees(diameter at breast height≥50 cm)and large amount of fallen dead wood in penultimate stage of decay.For Pygmy Owl the only significant explanatory variable was the total amount of fallen dead wood.Results suggest preference of both owl species for forests with structural elements typical of old-growth forests(i.e.,veteran trees,deadwood),the Pygmy Owl being less prone to inhabit managed forests.Being at the rear edge of their Palearctic breeding range in Europe both Boreal and Pygmy Owls are of high conservation value on the Balkan Peninsula.Hence,additional efforts are needed for their conservation in the light of climate change and resulting alteration of forest structural parameters.Current findings can be used for adjusting forest management practices in order to ensure both,sustainable profit from timber and continuous species survival.展开更多
基金part of the project“Areas of Forest Innovation Climate Smart Forestry”(project nr.101726),WP Modelling Plenter Forest vs.Even-aged Forest,funded by the Austrian Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry,Regions and Water Managementfunded by the province of Styria(Austria),the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry,Regions and Water Management and the European Union via the projects“Waldtypisierung Steiermark-FORSITE”(LE14-20)and“FORSITEⅡ-Investigation of the ecological base line information for a dynamic forest site classification in Upper Austria,Lower Austria and Burgenland”(101746)financial support came from BOKU University。
文摘Plenter forests,also known as uneven-aged or continuous cover forests enhance forest resilience and resistance against disturbances compared to even-aged forests.They are considered as an adaptation option to mitigate climate change effects.In this study,we present a conceptual approach to determine the potentially suitable area for plenter forest management within central European mixed species forests and apply our approach to the case study area in Styria,the south-eastern Province of Austria.The concept is based on ecological and technicaleconomic constraints and considers expected future climate conditions and its impact on plenter forest management.For each 1 ha forest pixel,we assess the ecological conditions for plenter forest management according to the autecological growth conditions of silver fir,and at least one additional shade tolerant tree species.The technical-economic constraints are defined by slope(≤30%)and distance to the next forest road(≤100 m)to ensure cost-efficient harvesting.The results show that under current climate conditions 28.1%or 305,349 ha of the forests in Styria are potentially suitable for plenter forest management.For the years 2071–2100 and under the climate change scenario RCP 4.5,the potential area decreases to 286,098 ha(26.3%of the total forest area)and for the scenario RCP 8.5 to 208,421 ha(19.1%of the total forest area).The main reason for these changes is the unfavourable growing conditions for silver fir in the lowlands,while in the higher elevations silver fir is likely to expand.Our results may serve forest managers to identify areas suitable for plenter forests and assist in the transformation of even-aged pure forests to uneven-aged forests to increase resistance,resilience,and biodiversity under climate change.
文摘Rear-edge populations of montane species are known to be vulnerable to environmental change,which could affect them by habitat reduction and isolation.Habitat requirements of two cold-adapted boreo-alpine owl species—Boreal Owl(Aegolius funereus)and Pygmy Owl(Glaucidium passerinum)—have been studied in refugial montane populations in the western Rhodopes,South Bulgaria.Data on owl presence and forest stand attributes recorded in situ have been used to identify significant predictors for owl occurrence.The results revealed Boreal Owl’s preference for comparatively dense forests(high canopy closure values),big trees(diameter at breast height≥50 cm)and large amount of fallen dead wood in penultimate stage of decay.For Pygmy Owl the only significant explanatory variable was the total amount of fallen dead wood.Results suggest preference of both owl species for forests with structural elements typical of old-growth forests(i.e.,veteran trees,deadwood),the Pygmy Owl being less prone to inhabit managed forests.Being at the rear edge of their Palearctic breeding range in Europe both Boreal and Pygmy Owls are of high conservation value on the Balkan Peninsula.Hence,additional efforts are needed for their conservation in the light of climate change and resulting alteration of forest structural parameters.Current findings can be used for adjusting forest management practices in order to ensure both,sustainable profit from timber and continuous species survival.
