AIM To assess the effects of hepatitis E virus(HEV) on the production of type Ⅰ interferons(IFNs) and determine the underlying mechanisms.METHODS We measured the production of interferon(IFN)-alpha and-beta(-α/β) i...AIM To assess the effects of hepatitis E virus(HEV) on the production of type Ⅰ interferons(IFNs) and determine the underlying mechanisms.METHODS We measured the production of interferon(IFN)-alpha and-beta(-α/β) in genotype 3 HEV-infected C3 A cells at different time points(0, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression levels of IFN-stimulated gene(ISG)15 in HEVinfected C3A cells at different time points were tested by western blotting. The plasmid-expressing open reading frame 3(ORF3) or control plasmids(green fluorescent protein-expressing) were transfected into C3A cells, and the levels of IFN-α/β and ISG15 were evaluated, respectively. Furthermore, the plasmid-expressing ISG15 or small interfering RNA-inhibiting ISG15 was transfected into infected C3A cells. Then, the production of IFN-α/β was also measured by ELISA.RESULTS We showed that genotype 3 HEV could enhance the production of IFN-α/β and induce elevation of ISG15 in C3A cells. HEV ORF3 protein could enhance the production of IFN-α/β and the expression of ISG15. Additionally, ISG15 silencing enhanced the production of IFN-α/β. Overexpression of ISG15 resulted in the reduction of IFN-α/β.CONCLUSION HEV may promote production of IFN-α/β and expression of ISG15 via ORF3 in the early stages, and increased ISG15 subsequently inhibited the production of IFN-α/β.展开更多
The transformation of quantum dots(QDs)by organisms has attracted broad attention but remains unclear.Understanding of the metabolites helps to reveal the transformation pathway of QDs.Cd containingmetallothionein(MT)...The transformation of quantum dots(QDs)by organisms has attracted broad attention but remains unclear.Understanding of the metabolites helps to reveal the transformation pathway of QDs.Cd containingmetallothionein(MT)are the main species formed by Cd released from CdSe QDs in HepG2 cells,while speciation analysis of Cd containing MTs remains a challenge because MTs has several subisoforms and can bind with several metals.Herein,we built a hyphenated platform for speciation analysis of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment with CdSe/ZnS QDs.The Cd-containing MTs were separated in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)and subsequently online detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-Q-TOF-MS)parallelly.Four groups of Cd-containing metabolites were found by detecting Cd in ICP-MS.Their structures were identified in ESI-Q-TOF-MS and further confirmed with standards of four subisoforms of MT,including N-terminal acetylation MT2a,N-terminal acetylation MT1e,N-terminal acetylation MT1g and MT1m.Each group of them contains various stoichiometry of Cd/Zn.The metabolites of QDs remain same while the concentrations of each metabolite and its stoichiometry of Cd/Zn vary for different incubation concentration/time.This work provides a new parallel hyphenation technique of HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS with high separation resolution and powerful detection ability,and the obtained results provide detailed metabolism information of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment of CdSe/ZnS QDs,contributing to deep exploration of the functional mechanisms of QDs in organisms.展开更多
The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablatio...The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),we found that both nanoplastics and ZnO NPs caused more Cd to accumulate in zebrafish larvae,but with distinct pathways.Nanoplastics could adsorb Cd^(2+) and transfer it into the larvae through the“Trojan horse”effect.The coexposure of nanoplastics and Cd^(2+) caused Cd to accumulate in the abdomen where the nanoplastics were located without dissociation,showing a lower toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.ZnO NPs weakly adsorbed Cd^(2+),but they increased the Zn and Cd contents in larvae by enhancing the expression of metal transporters.The coexposure of ZnO and Cd^(2+) evenly distributed Cd in the larvae,revealing a more severe toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.Our results demonstrated the changing bioavailability and toxicity of Cd induced by different NPs.This also shows the vital role LA-ICP-MS plays in revealing the relationship between toxicity and bioavailability.In addition,the long-term effect of bioavailability on heavy metal toxicity and nanosafety deserves further investigation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has ...BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has examined the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.AIM To assess butorphanol's safety and efficacy for epidural labor analgesia.METHODS The PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Google Scholar databases will be searched from inception.Other types of literature,such as conference abstracts and references to pertinent reviews,will also be reviewed.We will include randomized controlled trials comparing butorphanol with other opioids combined with local anesthetics for epidural analgesia during labor.There will be no language restrictions.The primary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score for the first stage of labor,fetal effects,and Apgar score.Two independent reviewers will evaluate the full texts,extract data,and assess the risk of bias.Publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's or Begg's tests as well as visual analysis of a funnel plot,and heterogeneity will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test,P values,and I2 values.Meta-analysis,subgroup analysis,and sensitivity analysis will be performed using RevMan software version 5.4.This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)Protocols statement,and the PRISMA statement will be used for the systematic review.RESULTS This study provides reliable information regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.CONCLUSION To support clinical practice and development,this study provides evidence-based findings regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.展开更多
Existing personal thermal regulating fabrics fall short of meeting the demands for sustainable and protective outdoor temperature management.Here,a versatile and comfortable Janus fabric has been developed by embeddin...Existing personal thermal regulating fabrics fall short of meeting the demands for sustainable and protective outdoor temperature management.Here,a versatile and comfortable Janus fabric has been developed by embedding boron nitride nanosheets within a porous polyurethane matrix(BNNS@TPU)and introducing Ti3C2Tx MXene into another layer of TPU pores(MXene/TPU).The well-distributed BNNS in porous TPU matrix enhances refractive index difference,increases porosity and optimizes pore size distribution,resulting in an excellent solar reflectivity(R=94.22%),while the distinct distribution of MXene in porous TPU effectively improves solar absorptivity(α=93.57%)and enhances the conduction loss of electromagnetic waves due to multiple scattering and reflection effects.With a simple flip,Janus fabric can switch between sub-ambient cooling of~7.2℃ and super-ambient heating of~46.0℃ to adapt to changing weather and seasonal conditions.The fabric achieves an electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of 36 dB,protecting the human body from electromagnetic radiation,attributed to the hierarchical distribution of highly conductive MXene.Furthermore,Janus fabric offers excellent comfort,abrasion resistance,washability,and flame retardancy for practical wear.This study presents an effective strategy for developing personal thermal regulating fabrics with adaptability to environmental changes and resistance to electromagnetic radiation.展开更多
The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of p H impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly.Herein,a facile and sustainable strategy was ...The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of p H impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly.Herein,a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers(M-OMPs)without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst.The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously,and exhibited high removal efficiency(>99%)for Methylene Blue(MB)within a short time(10 min)at a concentration of 50 mg/L.What’s more,high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of p H 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles,further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.展开更多
It is essential to manufacture microwave absorbers with strong absorption as well as tunable absorption bands at a low filler content.However,it remains challenging for pure biomass material to reach this goal without...It is essential to manufacture microwave absorbers with strong absorption as well as tunable absorption bands at a low filler content.However,it remains challenging for pure biomass material to reach this goal without loading other components.MoSe_(2),as a transition metal chalcogenide with semiconductor properties,has emerged as a potential microwave absorber filler.Herein,bacterial cellulose(BC)-derived carbon nanofibers/MoSe_(2) nanocomposite was fabricated and phosphoric acid was used to dope phosphorus in BC,in which MoSe_(2) microspheres were dropped on the BC network like a dew-covered spider web.This unique network structure enhances conductive loss and multiple reflections of the incident wave.The collocation of BC and MoSe_(2) is helpful to impedance match and introduces interfacial/dipolar polarization loss;moreover,the P-doping of BC helps to tune the absorption bands.Overall,the optimal reflection loss of undoped one reaches−53.33 dB with only 20 wt.%filler content,whose main absorption peaks focus on X-band.Interestingly,after the P-doping of BC,the main absorption peaks move to Ku-band and the optimal reflection loss gets stronger(−66.84 dB)with the same filler loading.Strong absorption and tunable absorption bands can be realized,and thus wide frequency range is covered.This work is expected to enlighten future exploration of biomass carbon materials on high-performance microwave absorption materials.展开更多
Cellulose fibers play significant roles in building passive radiative cooling(PRC)and heating(PRH),benefiting from their porous structure and low thermal conductivity.However,the fixed structure and hydrophilic groups...Cellulose fibers play significant roles in building passive radiative cooling(PRC)and heating(PRH),benefiting from their porous structure and low thermal conductivity.However,the fixed structure and hydrophilic groups limit the regulation of optical and thermal properties.Herein,mechanically assisted solvent extraction strategy is proposed to regenerate cellulose acetate(CA)as pea-pod-like fibers.Different from natural fibers,photonic and thermal-storage particles are introduced into CA fibers to regulate optical selectivity and thermal properties.Further considering of building surface assembly,the biomimetic fibers are compressed into rigid bio-boards to achieve buildings thermal regulation.The results demonstrate that PRC bio-board can reflect~94%of solar radiation and emit~96%of thermal radiation and achieve~11℃(Isolar>1500 W/m^(2)and Tenvironment~35℃at daytime)and 6℃(nighttime)of cooling effects.The phase-change PRH bio-board integrates solar absorption(Asolar~96%),thermal insulation(Tshielding~30℃)and storage functions,which can heat building~12℃under Isolar~1000 W/m^(2)and slowly releases heat for>1200 s.According to evaluation,the bio-units can save over 45%of energy,1.042$/m^(2)cost and 4.978 kg/(m^(2)year)CO_(2)emission in Nanjing annually.It is believed that the results have positive effects on clarifying the structure–effect relationship and promoting the commercialization of thermal management materials.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81570540
文摘AIM To assess the effects of hepatitis E virus(HEV) on the production of type Ⅰ interferons(IFNs) and determine the underlying mechanisms.METHODS We measured the production of interferon(IFN)-alpha and-beta(-α/β) in genotype 3 HEV-infected C3 A cells at different time points(0, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression levels of IFN-stimulated gene(ISG)15 in HEVinfected C3A cells at different time points were tested by western blotting. The plasmid-expressing open reading frame 3(ORF3) or control plasmids(green fluorescent protein-expressing) were transfected into C3A cells, and the levels of IFN-α/β and ISG15 were evaluated, respectively. Furthermore, the plasmid-expressing ISG15 or small interfering RNA-inhibiting ISG15 was transfected into infected C3A cells. Then, the production of IFN-α/β was also measured by ELISA.RESULTS We showed that genotype 3 HEV could enhance the production of IFN-α/β and induce elevation of ISG15 in C3A cells. HEV ORF3 protein could enhance the production of IFN-α/β and the expression of ISG15. Additionally, ISG15 silencing enhanced the production of IFN-α/β. Overexpression of ISG15 resulted in the reduction of IFN-α/β.CONCLUSION HEV may promote production of IFN-α/β and expression of ISG15 via ORF3 in the early stages, and increased ISG15 subsequently inhibited the production of IFN-α/β.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21575107,21775113,21575108)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of NSFC(No.20921062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.114009)。
文摘The transformation of quantum dots(QDs)by organisms has attracted broad attention but remains unclear.Understanding of the metabolites helps to reveal the transformation pathway of QDs.Cd containingmetallothionein(MT)are the main species formed by Cd released from CdSe QDs in HepG2 cells,while speciation analysis of Cd containing MTs remains a challenge because MTs has several subisoforms and can bind with several metals.Herein,we built a hyphenated platform for speciation analysis of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment with CdSe/ZnS QDs.The Cd-containing MTs were separated in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)and subsequently online detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-Q-TOF-MS)parallelly.Four groups of Cd-containing metabolites were found by detecting Cd in ICP-MS.Their structures were identified in ESI-Q-TOF-MS and further confirmed with standards of four subisoforms of MT,including N-terminal acetylation MT2a,N-terminal acetylation MT1e,N-terminal acetylation MT1g and MT1m.Each group of them contains various stoichiometry of Cd/Zn.The metabolites of QDs remain same while the concentrations of each metabolite and its stoichiometry of Cd/Zn vary for different incubation concentration/time.This work provides a new parallel hyphenation technique of HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS with high separation resolution and powerful detection ability,and the obtained results provide detailed metabolism information of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment of CdSe/ZnS QDs,contributing to deep exploration of the functional mechanisms of QDs in organisms.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.22174103 and 21575107)。
文摘The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),we found that both nanoplastics and ZnO NPs caused more Cd to accumulate in zebrafish larvae,but with distinct pathways.Nanoplastics could adsorb Cd^(2+) and transfer it into the larvae through the“Trojan horse”effect.The coexposure of nanoplastics and Cd^(2+) caused Cd to accumulate in the abdomen where the nanoplastics were located without dissociation,showing a lower toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.ZnO NPs weakly adsorbed Cd^(2+),but they increased the Zn and Cd contents in larvae by enhancing the expression of metal transporters.The coexposure of ZnO and Cd^(2+) evenly distributed Cd in the larvae,revealing a more severe toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.Our results demonstrated the changing bioavailability and toxicity of Cd induced by different NPs.This also shows the vital role LA-ICP-MS plays in revealing the relationship between toxicity and bioavailability.In addition,the long-term effect of bioavailability on heavy metal toxicity and nanosafety deserves further investigation.
文摘BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has examined the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.AIM To assess butorphanol's safety and efficacy for epidural labor analgesia.METHODS The PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Google Scholar databases will be searched from inception.Other types of literature,such as conference abstracts and references to pertinent reviews,will also be reviewed.We will include randomized controlled trials comparing butorphanol with other opioids combined with local anesthetics for epidural analgesia during labor.There will be no language restrictions.The primary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score for the first stage of labor,fetal effects,and Apgar score.Two independent reviewers will evaluate the full texts,extract data,and assess the risk of bias.Publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's or Begg's tests as well as visual analysis of a funnel plot,and heterogeneity will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test,P values,and I2 values.Meta-analysis,subgroup analysis,and sensitivity analysis will be performed using RevMan software version 5.4.This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)Protocols statement,and the PRISMA statement will be used for the systematic review.RESULTS This study provides reliable information regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.CONCLUSION To support clinical practice and development,this study provides evidence-based findings regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.
基金the financial support of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(52173158 and 32171725)Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200107)+2 种基金Industrial prospect and key technology competition projects in Jiangsu Province(BE2021081)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_0091)Postgraduate Practical Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX22_0056).
文摘Existing personal thermal regulating fabrics fall short of meeting the demands for sustainable and protective outdoor temperature management.Here,a versatile and comfortable Janus fabric has been developed by embedding boron nitride nanosheets within a porous polyurethane matrix(BNNS@TPU)and introducing Ti3C2Tx MXene into another layer of TPU pores(MXene/TPU).The well-distributed BNNS in porous TPU matrix enhances refractive index difference,increases porosity and optimizes pore size distribution,resulting in an excellent solar reflectivity(R=94.22%),while the distinct distribution of MXene in porous TPU effectively improves solar absorptivity(α=93.57%)and enhances the conduction loss of electromagnetic waves due to multiple scattering and reflection effects.With a simple flip,Janus fabric can switch between sub-ambient cooling of~7.2℃ and super-ambient heating of~46.0℃ to adapt to changing weather and seasonal conditions.The fabric achieves an electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of 36 dB,protecting the human body from electromagnetic radiation,attributed to the hierarchical distribution of highly conductive MXene.Furthermore,Janus fabric offers excellent comfort,abrasion resistance,washability,and flame retardancy for practical wear.This study presents an effective strategy for developing personal thermal regulating fabrics with adaptability to environmental changes and resistance to electromagnetic radiation.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.21775113 and 21974100)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of NSFC(No.20921062)。
文摘The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of p H impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly.Herein,a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers(M-OMPs)without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst.The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously,and exhibited high removal efficiency(>99%)for Methylene Blue(MB)within a short time(10 min)at a concentration of 50 mg/L.What’s more,high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of p H 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles,further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51673040 and 21978048)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20171357 and BK20180366)+4 种基金Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp&Papermaking and Pollution Control(No.GD201802-5)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2242019k30042)Scientific Innovation Research Foundation of College Graduate in Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX19_0103)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.1107047002)Fund Project for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BA2018045).
文摘It is essential to manufacture microwave absorbers with strong absorption as well as tunable absorption bands at a low filler content.However,it remains challenging for pure biomass material to reach this goal without loading other components.MoSe_(2),as a transition metal chalcogenide with semiconductor properties,has emerged as a potential microwave absorber filler.Herein,bacterial cellulose(BC)-derived carbon nanofibers/MoSe_(2) nanocomposite was fabricated and phosphoric acid was used to dope phosphorus in BC,in which MoSe_(2) microspheres were dropped on the BC network like a dew-covered spider web.This unique network structure enhances conductive loss and multiple reflections of the incident wave.The collocation of BC and MoSe_(2) is helpful to impedance match and introduces interfacial/dipolar polarization loss;moreover,the P-doping of BC helps to tune the absorption bands.Overall,the optimal reflection loss of undoped one reaches−53.33 dB with only 20 wt.%filler content,whose main absorption peaks focus on X-band.Interestingly,after the P-doping of BC,the main absorption peaks move to Ku-band and the optimal reflection loss gets stronger(−66.84 dB)with the same filler loading.Strong absorption and tunable absorption bands can be realized,and thus wide frequency range is covered.This work is expected to enlighten future exploration of biomass carbon materials on high-performance microwave absorption materials.
基金supporting of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(52173158)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171725)Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_0091).
文摘Cellulose fibers play significant roles in building passive radiative cooling(PRC)and heating(PRH),benefiting from their porous structure and low thermal conductivity.However,the fixed structure and hydrophilic groups limit the regulation of optical and thermal properties.Herein,mechanically assisted solvent extraction strategy is proposed to regenerate cellulose acetate(CA)as pea-pod-like fibers.Different from natural fibers,photonic and thermal-storage particles are introduced into CA fibers to regulate optical selectivity and thermal properties.Further considering of building surface assembly,the biomimetic fibers are compressed into rigid bio-boards to achieve buildings thermal regulation.The results demonstrate that PRC bio-board can reflect~94%of solar radiation and emit~96%of thermal radiation and achieve~11℃(Isolar>1500 W/m^(2)and Tenvironment~35℃at daytime)and 6℃(nighttime)of cooling effects.The phase-change PRH bio-board integrates solar absorption(Asolar~96%),thermal insulation(Tshielding~30℃)and storage functions,which can heat building~12℃under Isolar~1000 W/m^(2)and slowly releases heat for>1200 s.According to evaluation,the bio-units can save over 45%of energy,1.042$/m^(2)cost and 4.978 kg/(m^(2)year)CO_(2)emission in Nanjing annually.It is believed that the results have positive effects on clarifying the structure–effect relationship and promoting the commercialization of thermal management materials.
