Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination syst...Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination system for Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)at single-lane intersections,particularly in the context of left-hand side driving on roads.The goal is to facilitate smooth right turns for certain vehicles without creating bottlenecks.We consider that all approaching vehicles share relevant information through vehicular communications.The Intersection Coordination Unit(ICU)processes this information and communicates the optimal crossing or turning times to the vehicles.The primary objective of this coordination is to minimize overall traffic delays,which also helps improve the fuel consumption of vehicles.By considering information from upcoming vehicles at the intersection,the coordination system solves an optimization problem to determine the best timing for executing right turns,ultimately minimizing the total delay for all vehicles.The proposed coordination system is evaluated at a typical urban intersection,and its performance is compared to traditional traffic systems.Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed coordination system significantly enhances the average traffic speed and fuel consumption compared to the traditional traffic system in various scenarios.展开更多
Background:Chaetomorpha aerea,a marine green alga,has drawn attention because of its rich phytochemical constituents and therapeutic benefits.Using an integrated approach that combined in vitro,in vivo,and in silico a...Background:Chaetomorpha aerea,a marine green alga,has drawn attention because of its rich phytochemical constituents and therapeutic benefits.Using an integrated approach that combined in vitro,in vivo,and in silico approaches,this work examined the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antidiabetic qualities of acetone extract of C.aerea(AECA).Methods:Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of AECA were measured.Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays.In vitro protein denaturation and in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema models were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential,whereas antidiabetic activity was assessed using in vitroα-amylase inhibition and in vivo oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT).Molecular docking and ADME/T analysis were employed to further analyze bioactive compounds identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS).Result:Antioxidant activity demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of 107.44μg/mL for DPPH and 118.23μg/mL for ABTS.In vitro anti-inflammatory assays indicated a suppression of protein denaturation at a concentration of 102μg/mL(IC_(50)),where AECA(400 mg/kg)resulted in a 27%reduction in paw edema at 6 h in the mouse model.In vitro antidiabetic test indicatedα-amylase inhibition with an IC_(50) value of 70.72μg/mL,and in the OGTT,a significant lowering of blood glucose was recorded at 120 min in mice.Strong binding affinities were observed for stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol,identified using GC–MS,with values of−9.9 kcal/mol forα-amylase and−8.0 kcal/mol for cyclooxygenase-2.Conclusion:C.aerea serves as an effective natural remedy for oxidative stress,inflammation,and hyperglycemia.These findings advocate for further clinical and mechanistic investigations to optimize therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
Bangladesh, situated in tropical and subtropical regions, receives significant amount of solar energy, making it an ideal location for solar energy production. However, determining suitable sites in the country for so...Bangladesh, situated in tropical and subtropical regions, receives significant amount of solar energy, making it an ideal location for solar energy production. However, determining suitable sites in the country for solar based power plant establishment turns out to be a difficult task given its dense population. This study aims to the identification of such a potential site by assessing the stability of the Jamuna river Island to be proposed as a site for developing solar based power plant. The research concentrates on Fulchhari union of Gaibandha district, one of the three major islands in the Jamuna river, utilizing two GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. One is Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) for stability analysis, and another is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for suitability evaluation. For the stability analysis of the island, Landsat satellite imagery of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 covering a long term of 30 years period were investigated. Based on average change rates, the bankline of the island was divided into 2 accretion zones in the south and south-eastern direction, and 8 erosion zones. Along with the bankline changes, climatological, geomorphological, and environmental factors have been adopted to modeling process for suitability analysis. The optimal locations for solar based power plants have been demonstrated by a suitability map, where high and standard potential area is about 60% of the area of Fulchhari union. Production may be enhanced up to 5 times more with the consideration of utilizing the moderate optimum zone.展开更多
Driving behavior is one of the main reasons that causes bottleneck on the freeway or restricts the capacity of signalized intersections.This paper proposes a car-following scheme in a model predictive control(MPC)fram...Driving behavior is one of the main reasons that causes bottleneck on the freeway or restricts the capacity of signalized intersections.This paper proposes a car-following scheme in a model predictive control(MPC)framework to improve the traffic flow behavior,particularly in stopping and speeding up of individual vehicles in dense urban traffic under a connected vehicle(CV)environment.Using information received through vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication,the scheme predicts the future states of the preceding vehicle and computes the control input by solving a constrained optimization problem considering a finite future horizon.The objective function is to minimize the weighted costs due to speed deviation,control input,and unsafe gaps.The scheme shares the planned driving information with the following vehicles so that they can make better cooperative driving decision.The proposed car-following scheme is simulated in a typical driving scenario with multiple vehicles in dense traffic that has to stop at red signals in multiple intersections.The speeding up or queue clearing and stopping characteristics of the traffic using the proposed scheme is compared with the existing car-following scheme through numerical simulation.展开更多
Background: Recent studies suggested that vitamin D deficiency among children is widespread worldwide. Most of the Asian countries are suffering from high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, especially in children. Ho...Background: Recent studies suggested that vitamin D deficiency among children is widespread worldwide. Most of the Asian countries are suffering from high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, especially in children. However, the vitamin D deficiency of Bangladeshi children has not been investigated yet. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed. Children aged 0 month to 16 years attended Pediatrics’ clinics with minor illness were conveniently recruited. After obtaining informed written consent, venous blood was taken and serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Descriptive statistics were performed for age, sex, biochemical parameters. Socio-economic status (SES) was estimated using a wealth index, producing a weighted score. Scores were categorized into quintiles, with category 1 representing the poorest and category 5 the richest. Serum 25(OH)D was categorized: deficient as Results: 31.88% children of 0 - 1 year had deficient serum 25(OH)D level and 52.17% children had insufficient level. Among 2 - 5 years’ group, 38.16% were deficient and 50% were insufficient. Among the 6 - 11 years group, 41.02% were deficient and 52.56% were insufficient. Among 12 - 16 years group, 46.75% were deficient and 51.95% were insufficient. That means, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and insufficiency rate is found very high among Bangladeshi children. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children in Bangladesh is high. The study recommended that vitamin D supplementation in Bangladeshi children should be formally launched from first day of birth up to adolescence.展开更多
To elucidate reproductive isolating mechanisms in the Bangladesh coastal bullfrog Hoplobatrachus litoralis and its congeneric species, we performed crossing experiments using three species： H. litoralis, H. tigerinus...To elucidate reproductive isolating mechanisms in the Bangladesh coastal bullfrog Hoplobatrachus litoralis and its congeneric species, we performed crossing experiments using three species： H. litoralis, H. tigerinus and H. rugulosus. In addition, we conducted histological observations on spermatogenesis of the hybrids. The reciprocal hybrids between H. litoralis and H. tigerinus developed normally with somewhat lower viability at the metamorphosis stage compared with the controls. Most of the metamorphosed frogs became mature. On the other hand, almost all hybrids between female H. rugulosus and male H. litoralis or H. tigerinus died of underdevelopment at the tadpole stage, and only a few hybrids metamorphosed normally and survived to maturity. The inner structures of the testes of the control H. litoralis and H. tigerinus were completely normal, with seminiferous tubules filled with compact bundles of normal spermatozoa. Those of the reciprocal hybrids between H. litoralis and H. tigerinus were almost normal or slightly abnormal, with seminiferous tubules that contained pycnotic nuclei in addition to normal bundles of normal spermatozoa, which demonstrates slight abnormalities in spermatogenesis. In contrast, the hybrids between female H. rugulosus and male H. litoralis or H. tigerinus had no bundles of spermatozoa nor spermatids in the seminiferous tubules, which indicates entirely abnormal spermatogenesis. Meiotic chromosome figures in the reciprocal hybrids between H. litoralis and H. tigerinus showed slight abnormalities, with the occurrence of univalents and increase of rod-shaped bivalents. These results indicate that H. litoralis and H. tigerinus are not isolated from each other by hybrid inviability nor by hybrid sterility, although the hybrids showed somewhat abnormal spermatogenesis in hybrids and that H. rugulosus is isolated from both H. litoralis and H. tigerinus by incomplete hybrid inviability and complete hybrid sterility.展开更多
In this paper, the age-specific population of Bangladesh based on a linear first order (hyperbolic) partial differential equation which is known as Von-Foerster Equation is studied. Applying quadratic polynomial curve...In this paper, the age-specific population of Bangladesh based on a linear first order (hyperbolic) partial differential equation which is known as Von-Foerster Equation is studied. Applying quadratic polynomial curve fitting, the total population and population density of Bangladesh are projected for the years 2001 to 2050 based on the explicit upwind finite difference scheme for the age-structured population model based on given data (source: BBS & ICDDR, B) for initial value in the year 2001. For each age-group, the future birth rates and death rates are estimated by using quadratic polynomial curve fitting of the data for the years 2001 to 2012. Quadratic polynomial curve fitting is also used for the boundary value as the (0 - 4) age-group population based on the population size of the age-group for the years 2001 to 2012.展开更多
Plastic debris is an emerging environmental threat all over the world.But its effect and distribution in the marine ecosystem is barely known.Microplastics abundance in the marine vegetated area is about 2 to 3 times ...Plastic debris is an emerging environmental threat all over the world.But its effect and distribution in the marine ecosystem is barely known.Microplastics abundance in the marine vegetated area is about 2 to 3 times higher than the bare site in the ocean.Although seagrass meadows trap huge amount of microplastics over the ocean floor,a considerable amount of microplastics are also sink incorporating with the marine aggregates from the epipelagic zone of the ocean.Scavenging of microplastics by diatom aggregation decreases the sinking rate of them rather than cryptophyte.As we know,marine snow is the leading carbon source for zoobenthos,but the ubiquitous presence of microplastics damages cell of different microalgae which may alter the food webs of marine ecosystems.Additionally,microplastics releases immense amount of dissolved organic carbons(DOC)in the surrounding seawater that stimulates the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms as well as their functional activity.Plastic debris result in outbreaks of disease in the marine environment and coral reefs are highly affected by it.When coral reef comes in contact with microplastics,the disease infestation rate of the reef increases massively.Three major disease viz.,skeletal eroding band,white syndrome and black band of coral reef causes approximately 46%of reef mortality due to microplastics consumption.Due to complex structure and size,the corals accumulates huge amount of microplastics that increases growth of pathogens by hampering the coral immune system.Existing scientific evidence presents that exposure of microplastics in aquatic environments triggers a wide variety of toxic insult from feeding disruption to reproductive performance,disturbances in energy metabolism throughout the ocean.The present review focused on the ecotoxicological effect of microplastics on primary producers of ocean,its uptake,accumulation,and excretion,and its probable toxicity with risk assessment approaches.展开更多
A fluid dynamic traffic flow model based on a non-linear velocity-density function is considered. The model provides a quasi-linear first order hyperbolic partial differential equation which is appended with initial a...A fluid dynamic traffic flow model based on a non-linear velocity-density function is considered. The model provides a quasi-linear first order hyperbolic partial differential equation which is appended with initial and boundary data and turns out an initial boundary value problem (IBVP). A first order explicit finite difference scheme of the IBVP known as Lax-Friedrich’s scheme for our model is presented and a well-posedness and stability condition of the scheme is established. The numerical scheme is implemented in order to perform the numerical features of error estimation and rate of convergence. Fundamental diagram, density, velocity and flux profiles are presented.展开更多
Breast cancer(BC)continues to be the primary malignant neoplasm affecting women.For many years,traditional approaches such as chemotherapy,hormone therapy,radiation,and surgical interventions have been employed to tre...Breast cancer(BC)continues to be the primary malignant neoplasm affecting women.For many years,traditional approaches such as chemotherapy,hormone therapy,radiation,and surgical interventions have been employed to treat BC.However,these therapies often fall short due to considerable adverse effects and the development of multidrug resistance or tolerance.Spices and culinary herbs that have been utilized in culinary practices for millennia have also demonstrated therapeutic effects in traditional medicinal practices serving to both prevent and treat BC.This review aims to comprehensively explore the roles and underlying mechanisms through which spices and culinary herbs exert anti-BC properties.These natural ingredients exhibit diverse anti-BC effects that encompass diverse mechanisms,including the inhibition of BC cell proliferation,migration,metastasis,and angiogenesis,as well as the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.These actions are achieved by targeting signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),notch signaling,Hedgehog signaling,nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),and Wingless/int(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways that are predominantly overexpressed in breast tumors or are exploited by them to promote cancer progression.Additionally,compounds such as curcumin,allicin,gingerol,zerumbone,diosgenin,capsaicin,piperine,quercetin,malabaricone C,eugenol,cardamomin,carnosol,cinnamaldehyde,sinigrin present in these spices and herbs may be more effective with reduced side effects against BC compared to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.This review presents a concise overview of the potential contributions of spices,culinary herbs,and their potent bioactive constituents against BC,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action.展开更多
The Beta Distribution is widely used in engineering and industrial applications. Goodness-of-fit procedures are revisited. Shapiro-Francia statistic is implemented in Beta distribution. A comparative study between the...The Beta Distribution is widely used in engineering and industrial applications. Goodness-of-fit procedures are revisited. Shapiro-Francia statistic is implemented in Beta distribution. A comparative study between the Anderson-Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Francia, and Chi-square goodness-of-fit test in testing for Beta distribution is performed using simulation.展开更多
Nipah virus(NiV)is a zoonotic threat that has caused recurrent outbreaks in Bangladesh since 2001,raising significant public health concerns.This study provides a descriptive analysis of NiV outbreaks from 2001 to 202...Nipah virus(NiV)is a zoonotic threat that has caused recurrent outbreaks in Bangladesh since 2001,raising significant public health concerns.This study provides a descriptive analysis of NiV outbreaks from 2001 to 2024,examining trends in infection and death rates and their correlation with climatic factors such as temperature,humidity,and rainfall.The findings highlight significant spikes in NiV cases during specific years,with environmental factors,particularly temperature and precipitation,showing solid correlations with outbreak patterns.The study also explores the impact of population dynamics on transmission risks,including urbanization and density.By focusing on these factors,this research supports the development of targeted public health interventions in high-risk areas,particularly in Bangladesh's northwestern and central districts,where recurrent outbreaks have been observed.These insights improve surveillance and preventive strategies for mitigating future NiV outbreaks.展开更多
Materials design aims to identify the material features that provide optimal properties for various engineering applications,such as aerospace,automotive,and naval.One of the important but challenging problems for mat...Materials design aims to identify the material features that provide optimal properties for various engineering applications,such as aerospace,automotive,and naval.One of the important but challenging problems for materials design is to discover multiple polycrystalline microstructures with optimal properties.This paper proposes an end-to-end artificial intelligence(AI)-driven microstructure optimization framework for elastic properties of materials.In this work,the microstructure is represented by the Orientation Distribution Function(ODF)that determines the volume densities of crystallographic orientations.The framework was evaluated on two crystal systems,cubic and hexagonal,for Titanium(Ti)in Joint Automated Repository for Various Integrated Simulations(JARVIS)database and is expected to be widely applicable for materials with multiple crystal systems.The proposed framework can discover multiple polycrystalline microstructures without compromising the optimal property values and saving significant computational time.展开更多
Savar,a newly developed suburb of Dhaka,is rapidly urbanizing due to various socioeconomic and environmental factors.This study was conducted to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in Land Use and Land Cover(LULC)fo...Savar,a newly developed suburb of Dhaka,is rapidly urbanizing due to various socioeconomic and environmental factors.This study was conducted to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in Land Use and Land Cover(LULC)for the years 1980,2000,and 2020 and predict future LULC changes.Supervised classification algorithms and cellular automata model based on Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)were used to prepare LULC maps and future simulations.The methodology was designed to overcome limitations in traditional land use and land cover change modeling,including low accuracy,computational inefficiency,and limited adaptability to complex spatial patterns.The study revealed that the rate of built-up area increased significantly over 40 years while barren land and agricultural land decreased drastically.Future LULC simulation results illustrated that the built-up area would increase by 95.07 km2(33.29%)in 2040.The model’s prediction of the growth of built-up areas by 2040 demonstrated a significant rise in urban coverage with an accuracy rate of 41.14%.Therefore,this study will help us to understand the present and future urban land dynamics along with the trend of temporal and spatial LULC changes that assist planners,policymakers,and stakeholders in sustainable urban planning techniques and urban land management.展开更多
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)23K03898.
文摘Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination system for Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)at single-lane intersections,particularly in the context of left-hand side driving on roads.The goal is to facilitate smooth right turns for certain vehicles without creating bottlenecks.We consider that all approaching vehicles share relevant information through vehicular communications.The Intersection Coordination Unit(ICU)processes this information and communicates the optimal crossing or turning times to the vehicles.The primary objective of this coordination is to minimize overall traffic delays,which also helps improve the fuel consumption of vehicles.By considering information from upcoming vehicles at the intersection,the coordination system solves an optimization problem to determine the best timing for executing right turns,ultimately minimizing the total delay for all vehicles.The proposed coordination system is evaluated at a typical urban intersection,and its performance is compared to traditional traffic systems.Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed coordination system significantly enhances the average traffic speed and fuel consumption compared to the traditional traffic system in various scenarios.
文摘Background:Chaetomorpha aerea,a marine green alga,has drawn attention because of its rich phytochemical constituents and therapeutic benefits.Using an integrated approach that combined in vitro,in vivo,and in silico approaches,this work examined the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antidiabetic qualities of acetone extract of C.aerea(AECA).Methods:Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of AECA were measured.Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays.In vitro protein denaturation and in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema models were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential,whereas antidiabetic activity was assessed using in vitroα-amylase inhibition and in vivo oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT).Molecular docking and ADME/T analysis were employed to further analyze bioactive compounds identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS).Result:Antioxidant activity demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of 107.44μg/mL for DPPH and 118.23μg/mL for ABTS.In vitro anti-inflammatory assays indicated a suppression of protein denaturation at a concentration of 102μg/mL(IC_(50)),where AECA(400 mg/kg)resulted in a 27%reduction in paw edema at 6 h in the mouse model.In vitro antidiabetic test indicatedα-amylase inhibition with an IC_(50) value of 70.72μg/mL,and in the OGTT,a significant lowering of blood glucose was recorded at 120 min in mice.Strong binding affinities were observed for stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol,identified using GC–MS,with values of−9.9 kcal/mol forα-amylase and−8.0 kcal/mol for cyclooxygenase-2.Conclusion:C.aerea serves as an effective natural remedy for oxidative stress,inflammation,and hyperglycemia.These findings advocate for further clinical and mechanistic investigations to optimize therapeutic efficacy.
文摘Bangladesh, situated in tropical and subtropical regions, receives significant amount of solar energy, making it an ideal location for solar energy production. However, determining suitable sites in the country for solar based power plant establishment turns out to be a difficult task given its dense population. This study aims to the identification of such a potential site by assessing the stability of the Jamuna river Island to be proposed as a site for developing solar based power plant. The research concentrates on Fulchhari union of Gaibandha district, one of the three major islands in the Jamuna river, utilizing two GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. One is Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) for stability analysis, and another is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for suitability evaluation. For the stability analysis of the island, Landsat satellite imagery of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 covering a long term of 30 years period were investigated. Based on average change rates, the bankline of the island was divided into 2 accretion zones in the south and south-eastern direction, and 8 erosion zones. Along with the bankline changes, climatological, geomorphological, and environmental factors have been adopted to modeling process for suitability analysis. The optimal locations for solar based power plants have been demonstrated by a suitability map, where high and standard potential area is about 60% of the area of Fulchhari union. Production may be enhanced up to 5 times more with the consideration of utilizing the moderate optimum zone.
文摘Driving behavior is one of the main reasons that causes bottleneck on the freeway or restricts the capacity of signalized intersections.This paper proposes a car-following scheme in a model predictive control(MPC)framework to improve the traffic flow behavior,particularly in stopping and speeding up of individual vehicles in dense urban traffic under a connected vehicle(CV)environment.Using information received through vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication,the scheme predicts the future states of the preceding vehicle and computes the control input by solving a constrained optimization problem considering a finite future horizon.The objective function is to minimize the weighted costs due to speed deviation,control input,and unsafe gaps.The scheme shares the planned driving information with the following vehicles so that they can make better cooperative driving decision.The proposed car-following scheme is simulated in a typical driving scenario with multiple vehicles in dense traffic that has to stop at red signals in multiple intersections.The speeding up or queue clearing and stopping characteristics of the traffic using the proposed scheme is compared with the existing car-following scheme through numerical simulation.
文摘Background: Recent studies suggested that vitamin D deficiency among children is widespread worldwide. Most of the Asian countries are suffering from high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, especially in children. However, the vitamin D deficiency of Bangladeshi children has not been investigated yet. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed. Children aged 0 month to 16 years attended Pediatrics’ clinics with minor illness were conveniently recruited. After obtaining informed written consent, venous blood was taken and serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Descriptive statistics were performed for age, sex, biochemical parameters. Socio-economic status (SES) was estimated using a wealth index, producing a weighted score. Scores were categorized into quintiles, with category 1 representing the poorest and category 5 the richest. Serum 25(OH)D was categorized: deficient as Results: 31.88% children of 0 - 1 year had deficient serum 25(OH)D level and 52.17% children had insufficient level. Among 2 - 5 years’ group, 38.16% were deficient and 50% were insufficient. Among the 6 - 11 years group, 41.02% were deficient and 52.56% were insufficient. Among 12 - 16 years group, 46.75% were deficient and 51.95% were insufficient. That means, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and insufficiency rate is found very high among Bangladeshi children. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children in Bangladesh is high. The study recommended that vitamin D supplementation in Bangladeshi children should be formally launched from first day of birth up to adolescence.
基金supported by Grantsin-Aid for Scientific Research(C and B)(Nos.20510216 and 24310173)to M.Sumida from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Japan
文摘To elucidate reproductive isolating mechanisms in the Bangladesh coastal bullfrog Hoplobatrachus litoralis and its congeneric species, we performed crossing experiments using three species： H. litoralis, H. tigerinus and H. rugulosus. In addition, we conducted histological observations on spermatogenesis of the hybrids. The reciprocal hybrids between H. litoralis and H. tigerinus developed normally with somewhat lower viability at the metamorphosis stage compared with the controls. Most of the metamorphosed frogs became mature. On the other hand, almost all hybrids between female H. rugulosus and male H. litoralis or H. tigerinus died of underdevelopment at the tadpole stage, and only a few hybrids metamorphosed normally and survived to maturity. The inner structures of the testes of the control H. litoralis and H. tigerinus were completely normal, with seminiferous tubules filled with compact bundles of normal spermatozoa. Those of the reciprocal hybrids between H. litoralis and H. tigerinus were almost normal or slightly abnormal, with seminiferous tubules that contained pycnotic nuclei in addition to normal bundles of normal spermatozoa, which demonstrates slight abnormalities in spermatogenesis. In contrast, the hybrids between female H. rugulosus and male H. litoralis or H. tigerinus had no bundles of spermatozoa nor spermatids in the seminiferous tubules, which indicates entirely abnormal spermatogenesis. Meiotic chromosome figures in the reciprocal hybrids between H. litoralis and H. tigerinus showed slight abnormalities, with the occurrence of univalents and increase of rod-shaped bivalents. These results indicate that H. litoralis and H. tigerinus are not isolated from each other by hybrid inviability nor by hybrid sterility, although the hybrids showed somewhat abnormal spermatogenesis in hybrids and that H. rugulosus is isolated from both H. litoralis and H. tigerinus by incomplete hybrid inviability and complete hybrid sterility.
文摘In this paper, the age-specific population of Bangladesh based on a linear first order (hyperbolic) partial differential equation which is known as Von-Foerster Equation is studied. Applying quadratic polynomial curve fitting, the total population and population density of Bangladesh are projected for the years 2001 to 2050 based on the explicit upwind finite difference scheme for the age-structured population model based on given data (source: BBS & ICDDR, B) for initial value in the year 2001. For each age-group, the future birth rates and death rates are estimated by using quadratic polynomial curve fitting of the data for the years 2001 to 2012. Quadratic polynomial curve fitting is also used for the boundary value as the (0 - 4) age-group population based on the population size of the age-group for the years 2001 to 2012.
文摘Plastic debris is an emerging environmental threat all over the world.But its effect and distribution in the marine ecosystem is barely known.Microplastics abundance in the marine vegetated area is about 2 to 3 times higher than the bare site in the ocean.Although seagrass meadows trap huge amount of microplastics over the ocean floor,a considerable amount of microplastics are also sink incorporating with the marine aggregates from the epipelagic zone of the ocean.Scavenging of microplastics by diatom aggregation decreases the sinking rate of them rather than cryptophyte.As we know,marine snow is the leading carbon source for zoobenthos,but the ubiquitous presence of microplastics damages cell of different microalgae which may alter the food webs of marine ecosystems.Additionally,microplastics releases immense amount of dissolved organic carbons(DOC)in the surrounding seawater that stimulates the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms as well as their functional activity.Plastic debris result in outbreaks of disease in the marine environment and coral reefs are highly affected by it.When coral reef comes in contact with microplastics,the disease infestation rate of the reef increases massively.Three major disease viz.,skeletal eroding band,white syndrome and black band of coral reef causes approximately 46%of reef mortality due to microplastics consumption.Due to complex structure and size,the corals accumulates huge amount of microplastics that increases growth of pathogens by hampering the coral immune system.Existing scientific evidence presents that exposure of microplastics in aquatic environments triggers a wide variety of toxic insult from feeding disruption to reproductive performance,disturbances in energy metabolism throughout the ocean.The present review focused on the ecotoxicological effect of microplastics on primary producers of ocean,its uptake,accumulation,and excretion,and its probable toxicity with risk assessment approaches.
文摘A fluid dynamic traffic flow model based on a non-linear velocity-density function is considered. The model provides a quasi-linear first order hyperbolic partial differential equation which is appended with initial and boundary data and turns out an initial boundary value problem (IBVP). A first order explicit finite difference scheme of the IBVP known as Lax-Friedrich’s scheme for our model is presented and a well-posedness and stability condition of the scheme is established. The numerical scheme is implemented in order to perform the numerical features of error estimation and rate of convergence. Fundamental diagram, density, velocity and flux profiles are presented.
文摘Breast cancer(BC)continues to be the primary malignant neoplasm affecting women.For many years,traditional approaches such as chemotherapy,hormone therapy,radiation,and surgical interventions have been employed to treat BC.However,these therapies often fall short due to considerable adverse effects and the development of multidrug resistance or tolerance.Spices and culinary herbs that have been utilized in culinary practices for millennia have also demonstrated therapeutic effects in traditional medicinal practices serving to both prevent and treat BC.This review aims to comprehensively explore the roles and underlying mechanisms through which spices and culinary herbs exert anti-BC properties.These natural ingredients exhibit diverse anti-BC effects that encompass diverse mechanisms,including the inhibition of BC cell proliferation,migration,metastasis,and angiogenesis,as well as the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.These actions are achieved by targeting signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),notch signaling,Hedgehog signaling,nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),and Wingless/int(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways that are predominantly overexpressed in breast tumors or are exploited by them to promote cancer progression.Additionally,compounds such as curcumin,allicin,gingerol,zerumbone,diosgenin,capsaicin,piperine,quercetin,malabaricone C,eugenol,cardamomin,carnosol,cinnamaldehyde,sinigrin present in these spices and herbs may be more effective with reduced side effects against BC compared to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.This review presents a concise overview of the potential contributions of spices,culinary herbs,and their potent bioactive constituents against BC,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action.
文摘The Beta Distribution is widely used in engineering and industrial applications. Goodness-of-fit procedures are revisited. Shapiro-Francia statistic is implemented in Beta distribution. A comparative study between the Anderson-Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Francia, and Chi-square goodness-of-fit test in testing for Beta distribution is performed using simulation.
文摘Nipah virus(NiV)is a zoonotic threat that has caused recurrent outbreaks in Bangladesh since 2001,raising significant public health concerns.This study provides a descriptive analysis of NiV outbreaks from 2001 to 2024,examining trends in infection and death rates and their correlation with climatic factors such as temperature,humidity,and rainfall.The findings highlight significant spikes in NiV cases during specific years,with environmental factors,particularly temperature and precipitation,showing solid correlations with outbreak patterns.The study also explores the impact of population dynamics on transmission risks,including urbanization and density.By focusing on these factors,this research supports the development of targeted public health interventions in high-risk areas,particularly in Bangladesh's northwestern and central districts,where recurrent outbreaks have been observed.These insights improve surveillance and preventive strategies for mitigating future NiV outbreaks.
基金This work was supported primarily by National Science Foundation(NSF)CMMI awards 2053929/2053840Partial support from NIST award 70NANB19H005 and DOE awards DE-SC0019358,DE-SC0021399 is also acknowledged.
文摘Materials design aims to identify the material features that provide optimal properties for various engineering applications,such as aerospace,automotive,and naval.One of the important but challenging problems for materials design is to discover multiple polycrystalline microstructures with optimal properties.This paper proposes an end-to-end artificial intelligence(AI)-driven microstructure optimization framework for elastic properties of materials.In this work,the microstructure is represented by the Orientation Distribution Function(ODF)that determines the volume densities of crystallographic orientations.The framework was evaluated on two crystal systems,cubic and hexagonal,for Titanium(Ti)in Joint Automated Repository for Various Integrated Simulations(JARVIS)database and is expected to be widely applicable for materials with multiple crystal systems.The proposed framework can discover multiple polycrystalline microstructures without compromising the optimal property values and saving significant computational time.
文摘Savar,a newly developed suburb of Dhaka,is rapidly urbanizing due to various socioeconomic and environmental factors.This study was conducted to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in Land Use and Land Cover(LULC)for the years 1980,2000,and 2020 and predict future LULC changes.Supervised classification algorithms and cellular automata model based on Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)were used to prepare LULC maps and future simulations.The methodology was designed to overcome limitations in traditional land use and land cover change modeling,including low accuracy,computational inefficiency,and limited adaptability to complex spatial patterns.The study revealed that the rate of built-up area increased significantly over 40 years while barren land and agricultural land decreased drastically.Future LULC simulation results illustrated that the built-up area would increase by 95.07 km2(33.29%)in 2040.The model’s prediction of the growth of built-up areas by 2040 demonstrated a significant rise in urban coverage with an accuracy rate of 41.14%.Therefore,this study will help us to understand the present and future urban land dynamics along with the trend of temporal and spatial LULC changes that assist planners,policymakers,and stakeholders in sustainable urban planning techniques and urban land management.
