The human gut microbiota,a complex and diverse community of microorganisms,plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by influencing various physio-logical processes,including digestion,immune function,and dis...The human gut microbiota,a complex and diverse community of microorganisms,plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by influencing various physio-logical processes,including digestion,immune function,and disease susceptibi-lity.The balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria is essential for health,with dysbiosis-disruption of this balance-linked to numerous conditions such as metabolic disorders,autoimmune diseases,and cancers.This review highlights key genera such as Enterococcus,Ruminococcus,Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium,Escheri-chia coli,Akkermansia muciniphila,Firmicutes(including Clostridium and Lactoba-cillus),and Roseburia due to their well-established roles in immune regulation and metabolic processes,but other bacteria,including Clostridioides difficile,Salmonella,Helicobacter pylori,and Fusobacterium nucleatum,are also implicated in dysbiosis and various diseases.Pathogenic bacteria,including Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis,contribute to inflammation and cancer progression by disrupting immune responses and damaging tissues.The potential for microbiota-based therapies,such as probiotics,prebiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation,and dietary inter-ventions,to improve health outcomes is examined.Future research directions in the integration of multi-omics,the impact of diet and lifestyle on microbiota com-position,and advancing microbiota engineering techniques are also discussed.Understanding the gut microbiota’s role in health and disease is essential for for-mulating personalized,efficacious treatments and preventive strategies,thereby enhancing health outcomes and progressing microbiome research.展开更多
文摘The human gut microbiota,a complex and diverse community of microorganisms,plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by influencing various physio-logical processes,including digestion,immune function,and disease susceptibi-lity.The balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria is essential for health,with dysbiosis-disruption of this balance-linked to numerous conditions such as metabolic disorders,autoimmune diseases,and cancers.This review highlights key genera such as Enterococcus,Ruminococcus,Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium,Escheri-chia coli,Akkermansia muciniphila,Firmicutes(including Clostridium and Lactoba-cillus),and Roseburia due to their well-established roles in immune regulation and metabolic processes,but other bacteria,including Clostridioides difficile,Salmonella,Helicobacter pylori,and Fusobacterium nucleatum,are also implicated in dysbiosis and various diseases.Pathogenic bacteria,including Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis,contribute to inflammation and cancer progression by disrupting immune responses and damaging tissues.The potential for microbiota-based therapies,such as probiotics,prebiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation,and dietary inter-ventions,to improve health outcomes is examined.Future research directions in the integration of multi-omics,the impact of diet and lifestyle on microbiota com-position,and advancing microbiota engineering techniques are also discussed.Understanding the gut microbiota’s role in health and disease is essential for for-mulating personalized,efficacious treatments and preventive strategies,thereby enhancing health outcomes and progressing microbiome research.
