Purpose: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross dis...Purpose: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross disparity between trauma services available in various parts of the country. Rural area in India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure. The present study is to study the trends of occurrence of RTA cases by month, week and time of accident occurrence as well as to research the types of vehicle involved in accidents and other various risk factors related to them.Methods: During 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017, a hospital-based and cross-sectional study of RTA victims was conducted. The patients were admitted in emergency department of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, when stabilized, they were shifted to the orthopaedics and surgery ward.Results: In the study, 654 road accident victims were included, of which the majority were males (77.5%) and the most of them belonged to rural (67%). RTA victims according to the month of occurrence majority were found in January (12.5%) and evening was time of a day with maximum accidents (32.1%). Mortality cases of RTA victims based on type of road user and it shows decreasing trend of mortality of motor-cyclists (54.2%) followed by pedestrian (25.1%).Conclusion: There should be control over people driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol and drivers over-speeding and rash driving on urban roads as well as rural village roads.展开更多
The Proton Improvement Plan(PIP)-II project is part of Fermilab’s upgrade of its proton accelerator complex,to provide a powerful,high-intensity proton beam to the laboratory’s upcoming research program.The project ...The Proton Improvement Plan(PIP)-II project is part of Fermilab’s upgrade of its proton accelerator complex,to provide a powerful,high-intensity proton beam to the laboratory’s upcoming research program.The project includes an 800 MeV superconducting(SC)linear accelerator(linac),with five flavours of cavities and cryomodules.The medium energy section of the linac contains two types of superconducting Single Spoke Resonator(SSR)RF cavities(SSR1 and SSR2),which are interleaved with strong solenoid focusing lenses.A unified design of the solenoid has been developed,with one solenoid design satisfying both SSR1 and SSR2 requirements.The integral focusing strength requirement of 4.5 T^(2)m with a full width half maximum(FWHM)of 180 mm indicates the peak field strength∼6.8 T in the magnet aperture,necessitating a superconducting design within the limits of NbTi as magnet wire strand.These are complex combined units that include one focusing solenoid with bucking coils to minimize fringe fields and four corrector coils each,with independent current leads to produce dipole and quadrupole fields.To simplify the current lead design and reduce complexity,the project opted conduction cooling for these magnets,thus requiring a redesign compared to previous prototype bath cooled units.Existing designs for high energy accelerators adopt bath cooled design of the solenoid focusing lenses for medium energy cryomodules.The present design explores a unique and technically superior solution for the cryomodule operation by decoupling the magnet and cavity cooling to certain extent.Reliability in cryomodule operations shall be studied after integration of magnets in the Linac beamline.Here we discuss the design requirements,challenges,electromagnetic design,superconducting wire selection and the results from magnetic measurements of the first pre-series units.展开更多
文摘Purpose: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross disparity between trauma services available in various parts of the country. Rural area in India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure. The present study is to study the trends of occurrence of RTA cases by month, week and time of accident occurrence as well as to research the types of vehicle involved in accidents and other various risk factors related to them.Methods: During 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017, a hospital-based and cross-sectional study of RTA victims was conducted. The patients were admitted in emergency department of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, when stabilized, they were shifted to the orthopaedics and surgery ward.Results: In the study, 654 road accident victims were included, of which the majority were males (77.5%) and the most of them belonged to rural (67%). RTA victims according to the month of occurrence majority were found in January (12.5%) and evening was time of a day with maximum accidents (32.1%). Mortality cases of RTA victims based on type of road user and it shows decreasing trend of mortality of motor-cyclists (54.2%) followed by pedestrian (25.1%).Conclusion: There should be control over people driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol and drivers over-speeding and rash driving on urban roads as well as rural village roads.
文摘The Proton Improvement Plan(PIP)-II project is part of Fermilab’s upgrade of its proton accelerator complex,to provide a powerful,high-intensity proton beam to the laboratory’s upcoming research program.The project includes an 800 MeV superconducting(SC)linear accelerator(linac),with five flavours of cavities and cryomodules.The medium energy section of the linac contains two types of superconducting Single Spoke Resonator(SSR)RF cavities(SSR1 and SSR2),which are interleaved with strong solenoid focusing lenses.A unified design of the solenoid has been developed,with one solenoid design satisfying both SSR1 and SSR2 requirements.The integral focusing strength requirement of 4.5 T^(2)m with a full width half maximum(FWHM)of 180 mm indicates the peak field strength∼6.8 T in the magnet aperture,necessitating a superconducting design within the limits of NbTi as magnet wire strand.These are complex combined units that include one focusing solenoid with bucking coils to minimize fringe fields and four corrector coils each,with independent current leads to produce dipole and quadrupole fields.To simplify the current lead design and reduce complexity,the project opted conduction cooling for these magnets,thus requiring a redesign compared to previous prototype bath cooled units.Existing designs for high energy accelerators adopt bath cooled design of the solenoid focusing lenses for medium energy cryomodules.The present design explores a unique and technically superior solution for the cryomodule operation by decoupling the magnet and cavity cooling to certain extent.Reliability in cryomodule operations shall be studied after integration of magnets in the Linac beamline.Here we discuss the design requirements,challenges,electromagnetic design,superconducting wire selection and the results from magnetic measurements of the first pre-series units.
