One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabiliti...One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabilities are not considered separately in 3D geo-cellular models and in the reservoir simulations. Conventional reservoir modeling extrapolates all of the small-scale data to full-field scale data without considering the impact of the small-scale geological details, and therefore carries forward inherent errors into the reservoir predictions as a consequence of ignoring the reservoir heterogeneity. Most reservoirs are geologically complex and heterogeneous and that greatly influences reservoir performance. A case study is taken from a CHOPS （cold heavy oil production with sands） field. An innovative method of reservoir heterogeneity estimation has been introduced to illustrate the complex reservoir heterogeneity honouring all of the small-scale geological details in the 3D geological model. This detailed near-wellbore modeling through a synthetic core can provide the realistic quantitative volumetric assumption of the production prediction and improve the EOR （enhanced oil recovery） processes.展开更多
The Chars Livelihoods Programme （CLP）＇s response has been to provide a comprehensive package of support, which aims to increase resilience to disasters and build women＇s empowerment. In 2012, CLP developed an inno...The Chars Livelihoods Programme （CLP）＇s response has been to provide a comprehensive package of support, which aims to increase resilience to disasters and build women＇s empowerment. In 2012, CLP developed an innovative approach to monitor women＇s empowerment. Understanding that empowerment is context specific, therefore CLP used qualitative approaches to understand how char households define empowerment. From this research, CLP developed a set of 10 （community and household level） indicators, which made up the chars empowerment scorecard. Results show that CLP has a considerable impact on women＇s empowennent. They also show that CLP has impacts at both the household and community level, driven by two main factors： increased knowledge （through social development training） and increased wealth （through CLP＇s Asset Transfer Project）. Further, impacts on empowerment are seen to occur relatively quickly and sustain over time. The effects of climate change are only likely to further compound problems for char-dwellers. By increasing women＇s empowerment, CLP is confident that they will be better able to build sustainable livelihoods and increase their resilience to future disasters.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION In a previous communication, the synthesis of some 2-oxo-3-indolyl derivatives has been reported. Ballantine et al. found that the reaction of ethyl 2-(2-oxo-3-indolylidene)-2-hydroxyacetate with prop...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION In a previous communication, the synthesis of some 2-oxo-3-indolyl derivatives has been reported. Ballantine et al. found that the reaction of ethyl 2-(2-oxo-3-indolylidene)-2-hydroxyacetate with propionic anhydride in the presence of pyridine furnished a red-brown crystalline product which was established as 3,4-dimethyl-2, 5-di-(N-propionyl-2-oxo-3-indolylidene)-2, 5-dihydrofuran. Similarly, treatment of isatin with ammonia furnished isamic acid.展开更多
文摘One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabilities are not considered separately in 3D geo-cellular models and in the reservoir simulations. Conventional reservoir modeling extrapolates all of the small-scale data to full-field scale data without considering the impact of the small-scale geological details, and therefore carries forward inherent errors into the reservoir predictions as a consequence of ignoring the reservoir heterogeneity. Most reservoirs are geologically complex and heterogeneous and that greatly influences reservoir performance. A case study is taken from a CHOPS （cold heavy oil production with sands） field. An innovative method of reservoir heterogeneity estimation has been introduced to illustrate the complex reservoir heterogeneity honouring all of the small-scale geological details in the 3D geological model. This detailed near-wellbore modeling through a synthetic core can provide the realistic quantitative volumetric assumption of the production prediction and improve the EOR （enhanced oil recovery） processes.
文摘The Chars Livelihoods Programme （CLP）＇s response has been to provide a comprehensive package of support, which aims to increase resilience to disasters and build women＇s empowerment. In 2012, CLP developed an innovative approach to monitor women＇s empowerment. Understanding that empowerment is context specific, therefore CLP used qualitative approaches to understand how char households define empowerment. From this research, CLP developed a set of 10 （community and household level） indicators, which made up the chars empowerment scorecard. Results show that CLP has a considerable impact on women＇s empowennent. They also show that CLP has impacts at both the household and community level, driven by two main factors： increased knowledge （through social development training） and increased wealth （through CLP＇s Asset Transfer Project）. Further, impacts on empowerment are seen to occur relatively quickly and sustain over time. The effects of climate change are only likely to further compound problems for char-dwellers. By increasing women＇s empowerment, CLP is confident that they will be better able to build sustainable livelihoods and increase their resilience to future disasters.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION In a previous communication, the synthesis of some 2-oxo-3-indolyl derivatives has been reported. Ballantine et al. found that the reaction of ethyl 2-(2-oxo-3-indolylidene)-2-hydroxyacetate with propionic anhydride in the presence of pyridine furnished a red-brown crystalline product which was established as 3,4-dimethyl-2, 5-di-(N-propionyl-2-oxo-3-indolylidene)-2, 5-dihydrofuran. Similarly, treatment of isatin with ammonia furnished isamic acid.
