The potential for biotechnological applications in crop improvement programs requires identifying genotypes that allow cell/tissue culture with predictable plant regeneration. In the past, many genotypes of wheat (Tri...The potential for biotechnological applications in crop improvement programs requires identifying genotypes that allow cell/tissue culture with predictable plant regeneration. In the past, many genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been examined for potential use in tissue culture studies. The present research work has also been designed to study in vitro callogenesis expression and regeneration potential of wheat cultivars under controlled laboratory conditions. Seeds of four elite commercial high yielding cultivars of wheat namely: NARC-2011, AAS-2011, PAK-2013 and GAL-2013, were collected from the Crop Science Institute National Agricultural Research Center (CSI-NARC) Islamabad, as the source of plant material for in vitro studies. The seeds were surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite solutions for 10 minutes with continuous shaking under laminar air flow hood. After that seeds were placed on MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) based callus induction and regeneration medium with various concentrations of 2, 4-D and BAP in separate test tubes. Maximum callus induction frequency of 90% for Pak-13 and AAS-11, followed by 87% and 83% for Gla-13 and NARC-11, respectively, was recorded at 4 mg/l and 6 mg/l of 2, 4-D. Similarly, maximum regeneration of 90% for AAS-11 and Pak-13, followed by 80% and 87% for NARC-11 and Gla-13 respectively, was recorded on MS basal medium containing 1.5 mg/l of BAP. An increasing trend in regeneration from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l of BAP was observed but it gradually decreased with increasing concentration of BAP from 1.5 mg/l for all wheat cultivars. The callus formed under light was golden brown, dry nodule and smooth compact and less embryogenic while under dark conditions, it was white to yellowish white, dry nodule and compact and more embryogenic. Best results for callus induction and regeneration were obtained at temperature (24°C ± 1°C) for all wheat cultivars.展开更多
Studies were initiated to explore the role of nucellus tissues and growth regulators in plantlets regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of Kinnow mandarin [Citrus reticulata L. (Blanco)]. Nucellus tissues were cultur...Studies were initiated to explore the role of nucellus tissues and growth regulators in plantlets regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of Kinnow mandarin [Citrus reticulata L. (Blanco)]. Nucellus tissues were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins, cytokinins and malt extract for primary callus induction. The best response for primary callus induction (90%) was obtained when MS medium was supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D and 500 mg/l malt extract. Best results for embryogenic callus induction (80%) were obtained in C<sub>8</sub> medium. The induction of somatic embryos was highest when MS medium was supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP and maturation of somatic embryos occurred when MS medium was supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l BAP. Maximum plantlets were regenerated (92%) from the somatic embryos on half strength MS medium with no hormones. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in different potting mixtures and highest survival rate (100%) was achieved in potting mixture containing sand and peat moss (2:1).展开更多
Smoke produced from burning of plant material elicits a striking increase in seed germination in various plant species. In present work, effect of plant derived smoke exposure on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds ger...Smoke produced from burning of plant material elicits a striking increase in seed germination in various plant species. In present work, effect of plant derived smoke exposure on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds germination and post germination response has been studied in laboratory. Plant derived smoke was generated by burning of plant material (leaf, straws etc.) in a special designed furnace. Non-imbibed and imbibed seeds of wheat were exposed to plant derived smoke for 1 hr time duration. Best results were observed in non-imbibed seeds treated with plant derived smoke while imbibed seeds showed poor response to germination percentage, germination index, seedling vigor index and root shoot length. It has been proved from present study that plant derived smoke has stimulatory effect on germination & post germination response of non-imbibed seeds while it may cause inhibitory effect in imbibed seeds of wheat.展开更多
In this article,to reduce the complexity and improve the generalization ability of current gesture recognition systems,we propose a novel SE-CNN attention architecture for sEMG-based hand gesture recognition.The propo...In this article,to reduce the complexity and improve the generalization ability of current gesture recognition systems,we propose a novel SE-CNN attention architecture for sEMG-based hand gesture recognition.The proposed algorithm introduces a temporal squeeze-and-excite block into a simple CNN architecture and then utilizes it to recalibrate the weights of the feature outputs from the convolutional layer.By enhancing important features while suppressing useless ones,the model realizes gesture recognition efficiently.The last procedure of the proposed algorithm is utilizing a simple attention mechanism to enhance the learned representations of sEMG signals to performmulti-channel sEMG-based gesture recognition tasks.To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm,we conduct experiments involving multi-gesture datasets Ninapro DB4 and Ninapro DB5 for both inter-session validation and subject-wise cross-validation.After a series of comparisons with the previous models,the proposed algorithm effectively increases the robustness with improved gesture recognition performance and generalization ability.展开更多
The rapid identification of pathogens is crucial in controlling the food quality and safety.The proposed system for the rapid and label-free identification of pathogens is based on the principle of laser scattering fr...The rapid identification of pathogens is crucial in controlling the food quality and safety.The proposed system for the rapid and label-free identification of pathogens is based on the principle of laser scattering from the bacterial microbes.The clinical prototype consists of three parts:the laser beam,photodetectors,and the data acquisition system.The bacterial testing sample was mixed with 10 mL distilled water and placed inside the machine chamber.When the bacterial microbes pass by the laser beam,the scattering of light occurs due to variation in size,shape,and morphology.Due to this reason,different types of pathogens show their unique light scattering patterns.The photo-detectors were arranged at the surroundings of the sample at different angles to collect the scattered light.The photodetectors convert the scattered light intensity into a voltage waveform.The waveform features were acquired by using the power spectral characteristics,and the dimensionality of extracted features was reduced by applying minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion(mRMR).A support vector machine(SVM)classifier was developed by training the selected power spectral features for the classification of three different bacterial microbes.The resulting average identification accuracies of E.faecalis,E.coli and S.aureus were 99%,87%,and 94%,respectively.The ove rall experimental results yield a higher accuracy of 93.6%,indicating that the proposed device has the potential for label-free identification of pathogens with simplicity,rapidity,and cost-effectiveness.展开更多
Hydro-Pericardium Hepatitis (HPH) is an emerging infectious disease of commercial poultry, caused by different serotypes of Fowl Adeno Virus. The vertical transmission of the virus into the progeny may results in deva...Hydro-Pericardium Hepatitis (HPH) is an emerging infectious disease of commercial poultry, caused by different serotypes of Fowl Adeno Virus. The vertical transmission of the virus into the progeny may results in devastating damage, causing huge economic losses to its farmers. In present study, molecular typing is performed on basis of partially conserved hexon gene sequences, using a unique set of primers having common reverse oligo for simultaneous detection of FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11. A total of 14 fowl adeno virus strains were isolated from 100 suspected adeno virus liver samples, collected from different districts in Pakistan, between 2018 and 2019. FASTA’s sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that out of the 14, one isolate which belonged to group A showed 27% similarity with FAdV-1, while three isolates showed 99%, 95% & 45% similarity to FAdV-4 (Group C). Whereas, ten isolates showed more than 99% similarity to FAdV-11 (Group D). The serotypes FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 are prevailing in the breeder and broilers. These results hold great importance in rapid, reliable and simultaneous detection of the three FAdV serotypes. Therefore, fowl adeno virus vaccine production for commercial poultry shall be according to the prevalent field serotypes.展开更多
Objectives:To detect Leishmania species in human patients,animal reservoirs and Phlebotomus sandflies in Waziristan,Pakistan.Methods:Tissue smears and aspirates from 448 cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)suspected patients w...Objectives:To detect Leishmania species in human patients,animal reservoirs and Phlebotomus sandflies in Waziristan,Pakistan.Methods:Tissue smears and aspirates from 448 cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)suspected patients were analyzed.To sort out role of the reservoir hosts,skin scrapings,spleen and liver samples from 104 rodents were collected.Furthermore,buffy coat samples were obtained from 60 domestic animals.Sandflies were also trapped.All human,animals and sandfly samples were tested by microscopy,kinetoplastic PCR and internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1)PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for detection of Leishmania species.Results:An overall prevalence of 3.83%and 5.21%through microscopy and ITS1 PCR respectively was found.However,the statistically non-significant correlation was found between area,gender,and number of lesions.The presence of rodents,sandflies,domestic animals and internally displaced people increased the risk of CL.Using ITS1-PCR-RFLP,Leishmania tropica(L.tropica)was confirmed in 106 samples while 25 of the isolates were diagnosed as Leishmania major(L.major).Similarly,3/104 rodents were positive for L.major and 14 pools of DNA samples containing Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies were positive for L.tropica.None of samples from domestic animals were positive for leishmaniasis.Conclusions:In the present study,L.tropica and L.major are found to be the main causative agents of CL in study area.Movement of internally displaced people from CL endemic areas presents a risk for nearby CL free areas.To the best of our knowledge,we report for the first time L.major infection in rodents(Rattus rattus)and L.tropica in Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies trapped in Waziristan,Pakistan.展开更多
Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems a...Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.展开更多
Withania somnifera is highly medicinal plant species of Pakistan floristically placed in the Western Himalayan Province, Himalaya Range of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and in the Soon valley (Salt Range) of Punjab Pakistan....Withania somnifera is highly medicinal plant species of Pakistan floristically placed in the Western Himalayan Province, Himalaya Range of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and in the Soon valley (Salt Range) of Punjab Pakistan. It grows in high altitude of 5500 feet in the Himalayas. Its English name is Winter Cherry and its Urdu name is Asghand/Kutilal. It is the low lying shrub of about 1.50 m in height with erect branching. It grows in dry arid regions of Pakistan, India, China and Bangladesh. Its flowers are bisexual, small, axillary, greenish, solitary and few-flowered cymes. Chemical analysis of Ashwagandha showed that it has alkaloids and steroidal lactones (withanolides) as the main chemical constituent. W. somnifera has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List. However, in Pakistan, W. somnifera is falling under criteria A of endangered category. Asghand (W. somnifera) acquires much therapeutic potential which include sedative, narcotic, thyroid stimulation, anti-inflammatory, hypnotic, anti-stress, general tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. There are number of threats responsible for the decrease of W. somnifera number in western Himalayan range and salt range of Punjab Pakistan which may include deforestation over exploitation and climatic changes. Conservation strategies need to be adopted for improving the population pool of W. somnifera. There is also the dire need to conserve this important medicinal plant species with some standard biotechnological approaches and conservation strategies in future.展开更多
Traffic hijacking is a common attack perpetrated on networked systems, where attackers eavesdrop on user transactions, manipulate packet data, and divert traffic to illegitimate locations. Similar attacks can also be ...Traffic hijacking is a common attack perpetrated on networked systems, where attackers eavesdrop on user transactions, manipulate packet data, and divert traffic to illegitimate locations. Similar attacks can also be unleashed in a NoC (Network on Chip) based system where the NoC comes from a third-party vendor and can be engrafted with hardware Trojans. Unlike the attackers on a traditional network, those Trojans are usually small and have limited capacity. This paper targets such a hardware Trojan;Specifically, the Trojan aims to divert traffic packets to unauthorized locations on the NoC. To detect this kind of traffic hijacking, we propose an authentication scheme in which the source and destination addresses are tagged. We develop a custom design for the packet tagging and authentication such that the implementation costs can be greatly reduced. Our experiments on a set of applications show that on average the detection circuitry incurs about 3.37% overhead in area, 2.61% in power, and 0.097% in performance when compared to the baseline design.展开更多
The rapid detection of microparticles exhibits a broad range of applications in the field of science and technology.The proposed method differentiates and identifies the 2μm and 5μm sized particles using a laser lig...The rapid detection of microparticles exhibits a broad range of applications in the field of science and technology.The proposed method differentiates and identifies the 2μm and 5μm sized particles using a laser light scattering.The detection method is based on measuring forward light scattering from the particles and then classifying the acquired data using support vector machines.The device is composed of a microfluidic chip linked with photosensors and a laser device using optical fiber.Connecting the photosensors and laser device using optical fibers makes the device more diminutive in size and portable.The prepared sample containing microspheres was passed through the channel,and the surrounding photosensors measured the scattered light.The time-domain features were evaluated from the acquired scattered light,and then the SVM classifier was trained to distinguish the particle’s data.The real-time detection of the particles was performed with an overall classification accuracy of 96.06%.The optimum conditions were evaluated to detect the particles with a minimum concentration of 0.2μg/m L.The developed system is anticipated to be helpful in developing rapid testing devices for detecting pathogens ranging between 2μm to 10μm.展开更多
Previous work （Hussain et al. （2013）. Chemical Engineering Science, 101, 35） has pointed out that the conventional, one-dimensional population balance equation for aggregation can be expanded to accurately reprodu...Previous work （Hussain et al. （2013）. Chemical Engineering Science, 101, 35） has pointed out that the conventional, one-dimensional population balance equation for aggregation can be expanded to accurately reproduce the results of discrete simulations of spray fluidized bed agglomeration. However, some parameters had to be imported from the discrete simulation （Monte-Carlo）. The present paper shows how the expanded population balance can be run without importing parameters from the Monte-Carlo simulation. The expanded population balance still reproduces the results of Monte-Carlo simulations accurately, taking into account key micro-scale phenomena （sessile droplet drying, efficiency of collisions）, but with much lower computational cost. Required input parameters are just the drying time of sessile droplets （calculated in advance）, and the prefactor of an equation that correlates particle collision frequency with fluidized bed expansion. In this way, the expanded population balance is, apart from autonomous, also （nearly） predictive. Its performance is demonstrated by comparisons with both Monte-Carlo results and experimental data for various operating conditions （binder mass flow rate, gas temperature）. Despite formally being a one-dimensional expression, the expanded population balance captures additional properties, such as the number of wet particles and the number of droplets in the system, which are even difficult to measure in exoeriments.展开更多
Medicinal plants are the nature’s gift for the humanity to treat various ailments and to spend a prosperous healthy life.There are almost 300 species of Ajuga.Among them,Ajuga bracteosa Wall.ex Benth(A.bracteosa)is a...Medicinal plants are the nature’s gift for the humanity to treat various ailments and to spend a prosperous healthy life.There are almost 300 species of Ajuga.Among them,Ajuga bracteosa Wall.ex Benth(A.bracteosa)is an important medicinal plant of Himalaya regions.Its medicinal potential is due to the presence of various pharmacologically active compounds such as neo-clerodane diterpenoids,flavonol glycosides,iridoid glycosides,ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide and phytoecdysones.The aim of this review article was to gather information about A.bracteosa which is currently scattered in form of various publications.This review article tried to attract the attention from people for therapeutic potential of A.bracteosa.The present review comprises upto date information of botanical aspects,active ingredients,traditional uses,and pharmacological activities such as antitumor,antimicrobial,antimalarial,anti-inflammatory,cardiotonic activity,antiarthritic activity,antioxidant activity and in vitro production of secondary metabolites for pharmaceuticals.Due to remarkable medicinal potential and commercialization,this species is indexed into critically endangered category and it is facing extremely high risk of extinction.Conservation practices and management techniques should be carried out to protect this important species from extinction.Recent biotechnological approaches will be quite helpful for its conservation.展开更多
Viola canescens Wall.ex Roxb.is a perennial herb belonging to family Violaceae,and it is almost cosmopolitan in distribution.This plant is widely used in Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems for curing various ailment...Viola canescens Wall.ex Roxb.is a perennial herb belonging to family Violaceae,and it is almost cosmopolitan in distribution.This plant is widely used in Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems for curing various ailments,most commonly for cough and cold.Phytochemical studies releaved that this plant is rich in secondary metabolites.This plant revealed significant antimicrobial,anti-inflamatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,laxative,analgesic as well as antitumor activities.Due to all these important pharmacological activities,market demand of Viola canescens is increasing day by day and this plant is facing tremendous over exploitation and becomes a threatened plant according to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.The present review compiles that the ethnobotanical,phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the plant need to be conserved.展开更多
文摘The potential for biotechnological applications in crop improvement programs requires identifying genotypes that allow cell/tissue culture with predictable plant regeneration. In the past, many genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been examined for potential use in tissue culture studies. The present research work has also been designed to study in vitro callogenesis expression and regeneration potential of wheat cultivars under controlled laboratory conditions. Seeds of four elite commercial high yielding cultivars of wheat namely: NARC-2011, AAS-2011, PAK-2013 and GAL-2013, were collected from the Crop Science Institute National Agricultural Research Center (CSI-NARC) Islamabad, as the source of plant material for in vitro studies. The seeds were surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite solutions for 10 minutes with continuous shaking under laminar air flow hood. After that seeds were placed on MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) based callus induction and regeneration medium with various concentrations of 2, 4-D and BAP in separate test tubes. Maximum callus induction frequency of 90% for Pak-13 and AAS-11, followed by 87% and 83% for Gla-13 and NARC-11, respectively, was recorded at 4 mg/l and 6 mg/l of 2, 4-D. Similarly, maximum regeneration of 90% for AAS-11 and Pak-13, followed by 80% and 87% for NARC-11 and Gla-13 respectively, was recorded on MS basal medium containing 1.5 mg/l of BAP. An increasing trend in regeneration from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l of BAP was observed but it gradually decreased with increasing concentration of BAP from 1.5 mg/l for all wheat cultivars. The callus formed under light was golden brown, dry nodule and smooth compact and less embryogenic while under dark conditions, it was white to yellowish white, dry nodule and compact and more embryogenic. Best results for callus induction and regeneration were obtained at temperature (24°C ± 1°C) for all wheat cultivars.
文摘Studies were initiated to explore the role of nucellus tissues and growth regulators in plantlets regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of Kinnow mandarin [Citrus reticulata L. (Blanco)]. Nucellus tissues were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins, cytokinins and malt extract for primary callus induction. The best response for primary callus induction (90%) was obtained when MS medium was supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D and 500 mg/l malt extract. Best results for embryogenic callus induction (80%) were obtained in C<sub>8</sub> medium. The induction of somatic embryos was highest when MS medium was supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP and maturation of somatic embryos occurred when MS medium was supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l BAP. Maximum plantlets were regenerated (92%) from the somatic embryos on half strength MS medium with no hormones. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in different potting mixtures and highest survival rate (100%) was achieved in potting mixture containing sand and peat moss (2:1).
文摘Smoke produced from burning of plant material elicits a striking increase in seed germination in various plant species. In present work, effect of plant derived smoke exposure on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds germination and post germination response has been studied in laboratory. Plant derived smoke was generated by burning of plant material (leaf, straws etc.) in a special designed furnace. Non-imbibed and imbibed seeds of wheat were exposed to plant derived smoke for 1 hr time duration. Best results were observed in non-imbibed seeds treated with plant derived smoke while imbibed seeds showed poor response to germination percentage, germination index, seedling vigor index and root shoot length. It has been proved from present study that plant derived smoke has stimulatory effect on germination & post germination response of non-imbibed seeds while it may cause inhibitory effect in imbibed seeds of wheat.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB1303200)NSFC(81871444,62071241,62075098,and 62001240)+1 种基金Leading-Edge Technology and Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20192004D)Jiangsu Graduate Scientific Research Innovation Programme(KYCX20_1391,KYCX21_1557).
文摘In this article,to reduce the complexity and improve the generalization ability of current gesture recognition systems,we propose a novel SE-CNN attention architecture for sEMG-based hand gesture recognition.The proposed algorithm introduces a temporal squeeze-and-excite block into a simple CNN architecture and then utilizes it to recalibrate the weights of the feature outputs from the convolutional layer.By enhancing important features while suppressing useless ones,the model realizes gesture recognition efficiently.The last procedure of the proposed algorithm is utilizing a simple attention mechanism to enhance the learned representations of sEMG signals to performmulti-channel sEMG-based gesture recognition tasks.To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm,we conduct experiments involving multi-gesture datasets Ninapro DB4 and Ninapro DB5 for both inter-session validation and subject-wise cross-validation.After a series of comparisons with the previous models,the proposed algorithm effectively increases the robustness with improved gesture recognition performance and generalization ability.
基金the National Key Special Science Program(No.2017YFA0205301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61527806,61971187,61901168,81902153,61971216 and 61401217)+3 种基金the Clinical Advanced Technology of Social Development Projects in Jiangsu Province(No.BE2018695)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20140900)key project supported by Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation,Nanjing Department of Health(Nos.ZKX18029 and ZKX18016)the joint fund of Southeast University and Nanjing Medical University。
文摘The rapid identification of pathogens is crucial in controlling the food quality and safety.The proposed system for the rapid and label-free identification of pathogens is based on the principle of laser scattering from the bacterial microbes.The clinical prototype consists of three parts:the laser beam,photodetectors,and the data acquisition system.The bacterial testing sample was mixed with 10 mL distilled water and placed inside the machine chamber.When the bacterial microbes pass by the laser beam,the scattering of light occurs due to variation in size,shape,and morphology.Due to this reason,different types of pathogens show their unique light scattering patterns.The photo-detectors were arranged at the surroundings of the sample at different angles to collect the scattered light.The photodetectors convert the scattered light intensity into a voltage waveform.The waveform features were acquired by using the power spectral characteristics,and the dimensionality of extracted features was reduced by applying minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion(mRMR).A support vector machine(SVM)classifier was developed by training the selected power spectral features for the classification of three different bacterial microbes.The resulting average identification accuracies of E.faecalis,E.coli and S.aureus were 99%,87%,and 94%,respectively.The ove rall experimental results yield a higher accuracy of 93.6%,indicating that the proposed device has the potential for label-free identification of pathogens with simplicity,rapidity,and cost-effectiveness.
文摘Hydro-Pericardium Hepatitis (HPH) is an emerging infectious disease of commercial poultry, caused by different serotypes of Fowl Adeno Virus. The vertical transmission of the virus into the progeny may results in devastating damage, causing huge economic losses to its farmers. In present study, molecular typing is performed on basis of partially conserved hexon gene sequences, using a unique set of primers having common reverse oligo for simultaneous detection of FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11. A total of 14 fowl adeno virus strains were isolated from 100 suspected adeno virus liver samples, collected from different districts in Pakistan, between 2018 and 2019. FASTA’s sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that out of the 14, one isolate which belonged to group A showed 27% similarity with FAdV-1, while three isolates showed 99%, 95% & 45% similarity to FAdV-4 (Group C). Whereas, ten isolates showed more than 99% similarity to FAdV-11 (Group D). The serotypes FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 are prevailing in the breeder and broilers. These results hold great importance in rapid, reliable and simultaneous detection of the three FAdV serotypes. Therefore, fowl adeno virus vaccine production for commercial poultry shall be according to the prevalent field serotypes.
基金project entitled PCR and RFLP analysis of Leishmania species from suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and animal reservoirs in Waziristan funded by Relief International,Pakistan(DOSFY15)
文摘Objectives:To detect Leishmania species in human patients,animal reservoirs and Phlebotomus sandflies in Waziristan,Pakistan.Methods:Tissue smears and aspirates from 448 cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)suspected patients were analyzed.To sort out role of the reservoir hosts,skin scrapings,spleen and liver samples from 104 rodents were collected.Furthermore,buffy coat samples were obtained from 60 domestic animals.Sandflies were also trapped.All human,animals and sandfly samples were tested by microscopy,kinetoplastic PCR and internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1)PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for detection of Leishmania species.Results:An overall prevalence of 3.83%and 5.21%through microscopy and ITS1 PCR respectively was found.However,the statistically non-significant correlation was found between area,gender,and number of lesions.The presence of rodents,sandflies,domestic animals and internally displaced people increased the risk of CL.Using ITS1-PCR-RFLP,Leishmania tropica(L.tropica)was confirmed in 106 samples while 25 of the isolates were diagnosed as Leishmania major(L.major).Similarly,3/104 rodents were positive for L.major and 14 pools of DNA samples containing Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies were positive for L.tropica.None of samples from domestic animals were positive for leishmaniasis.Conclusions:In the present study,L.tropica and L.major are found to be the main causative agents of CL in study area.Movement of internally displaced people from CL endemic areas presents a risk for nearby CL free areas.To the best of our knowledge,we report for the first time L.major infection in rodents(Rattus rattus)and L.tropica in Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies trapped in Waziristan,Pakistan.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Shenzhen International cooperation projects under Grant Nos.(GJHZ20190819151403615)the Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(61801307).
文摘Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.
文摘Withania somnifera is highly medicinal plant species of Pakistan floristically placed in the Western Himalayan Province, Himalaya Range of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and in the Soon valley (Salt Range) of Punjab Pakistan. It grows in high altitude of 5500 feet in the Himalayas. Its English name is Winter Cherry and its Urdu name is Asghand/Kutilal. It is the low lying shrub of about 1.50 m in height with erect branching. It grows in dry arid regions of Pakistan, India, China and Bangladesh. Its flowers are bisexual, small, axillary, greenish, solitary and few-flowered cymes. Chemical analysis of Ashwagandha showed that it has alkaloids and steroidal lactones (withanolides) as the main chemical constituent. W. somnifera has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List. However, in Pakistan, W. somnifera is falling under criteria A of endangered category. Asghand (W. somnifera) acquires much therapeutic potential which include sedative, narcotic, thyroid stimulation, anti-inflammatory, hypnotic, anti-stress, general tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. There are number of threats responsible for the decrease of W. somnifera number in western Himalayan range and salt range of Punjab Pakistan which may include deforestation over exploitation and climatic changes. Conservation strategies need to be adopted for improving the population pool of W. somnifera. There is also the dire need to conserve this important medicinal plant species with some standard biotechnological approaches and conservation strategies in future.
文摘Traffic hijacking is a common attack perpetrated on networked systems, where attackers eavesdrop on user transactions, manipulate packet data, and divert traffic to illegitimate locations. Similar attacks can also be unleashed in a NoC (Network on Chip) based system where the NoC comes from a third-party vendor and can be engrafted with hardware Trojans. Unlike the attackers on a traditional network, those Trojans are usually small and have limited capacity. This paper targets such a hardware Trojan;Specifically, the Trojan aims to divert traffic packets to unauthorized locations on the NoC. To detect this kind of traffic hijacking, we propose an authentication scheme in which the source and destination addresses are tagged. We develop a custom design for the packet tagging and authentication such that the implementation costs can be greatly reduced. Our experiments on a set of applications show that on average the detection circuitry incurs about 3.37% overhead in area, 2.61% in power, and 0.097% in performance when compared to the baseline design.
基金supported by the Natural Science Youth Foundation of China (No. 61801307)the Scientific ResearchFund of the Shenzhen International Cooperation Projects (No.GJHZ20190819151403615)。
文摘The rapid detection of microparticles exhibits a broad range of applications in the field of science and technology.The proposed method differentiates and identifies the 2μm and 5μm sized particles using a laser light scattering.The detection method is based on measuring forward light scattering from the particles and then classifying the acquired data using support vector machines.The device is composed of a microfluidic chip linked with photosensors and a laser device using optical fiber.Connecting the photosensors and laser device using optical fibers makes the device more diminutive in size and portable.The prepared sample containing microspheres was passed through the channel,and the surrounding photosensors measured the scattered light.The time-domain features were evaluated from the acquired scattered light,and then the SVM classifier was trained to distinguish the particle’s data.The real-time detection of the particles was performed with an overall classification accuracy of 96.06%.The optimum conditions were evaluated to detect the particles with a minimum concentration of 0.2μg/m L.The developed system is anticipated to be helpful in developing rapid testing devices for detecting pathogens ranging between 2μm to 10μm.
基金financial support provided by the German Science Foundation(DFG) within the framework of graduate school GRK-1554by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation(research fellowship for Jitendra Kumar)
文摘Previous work （Hussain et al. （2013）. Chemical Engineering Science, 101, 35） has pointed out that the conventional, one-dimensional population balance equation for aggregation can be expanded to accurately reproduce the results of discrete simulations of spray fluidized bed agglomeration. However, some parameters had to be imported from the discrete simulation （Monte-Carlo）. The present paper shows how the expanded population balance can be run without importing parameters from the Monte-Carlo simulation. The expanded population balance still reproduces the results of Monte-Carlo simulations accurately, taking into account key micro-scale phenomena （sessile droplet drying, efficiency of collisions）, but with much lower computational cost. Required input parameters are just the drying time of sessile droplets （calculated in advance）, and the prefactor of an equation that correlates particle collision frequency with fluidized bed expansion. In this way, the expanded population balance is, apart from autonomous, also （nearly） predictive. Its performance is demonstrated by comparisons with both Monte-Carlo results and experimental data for various operating conditions （binder mass flow rate, gas temperature）. Despite formally being a one-dimensional expression, the expanded population balance captures additional properties, such as the number of wet particles and the number of droplets in the system, which are even difficult to measure in exoeriments.
文摘Medicinal plants are the nature’s gift for the humanity to treat various ailments and to spend a prosperous healthy life.There are almost 300 species of Ajuga.Among them,Ajuga bracteosa Wall.ex Benth(A.bracteosa)is an important medicinal plant of Himalaya regions.Its medicinal potential is due to the presence of various pharmacologically active compounds such as neo-clerodane diterpenoids,flavonol glycosides,iridoid glycosides,ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide and phytoecdysones.The aim of this review article was to gather information about A.bracteosa which is currently scattered in form of various publications.This review article tried to attract the attention from people for therapeutic potential of A.bracteosa.The present review comprises upto date information of botanical aspects,active ingredients,traditional uses,and pharmacological activities such as antitumor,antimicrobial,antimalarial,anti-inflammatory,cardiotonic activity,antiarthritic activity,antioxidant activity and in vitro production of secondary metabolites for pharmaceuticals.Due to remarkable medicinal potential and commercialization,this species is indexed into critically endangered category and it is facing extremely high risk of extinction.Conservation practices and management techniques should be carried out to protect this important species from extinction.Recent biotechnological approaches will be quite helpful for its conservation.
文摘Viola canescens Wall.ex Roxb.is a perennial herb belonging to family Violaceae,and it is almost cosmopolitan in distribution.This plant is widely used in Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems for curing various ailments,most commonly for cough and cold.Phytochemical studies releaved that this plant is rich in secondary metabolites.This plant revealed significant antimicrobial,anti-inflamatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,laxative,analgesic as well as antitumor activities.Due to all these important pharmacological activities,market demand of Viola canescens is increasing day by day and this plant is facing tremendous over exploitation and becomes a threatened plant according to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.The present review compiles that the ethnobotanical,phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the plant need to be conserved.
