Much attention is being given to estimating cement-related CO2 emissions in China. However, scant explicit and systematical exploration is being done on regional and national CO2 emission volumes. The aim of this work...Much attention is being given to estimating cement-related CO2 emissions in China. However, scant explicit and systematical exploration is being done on regional and national CO2 emission volumes. The aim of this work is therefore to provide an improved bottom-up spatial-integration system, relevant to CO2 emissions at factory level, to allow a more accurate estimation of the CO2 emissions from cement production. Based on this system, the sampling data of cement production lines were integrated as regional- and national-level information. The integration results showed that each ton of clinker produced 883 kg CO2, of which the process, fuel, and electricity emissions accounted for 58.70%, 35.97%, and 5.33%, respectively. The volume of CO2 emissions from clinker and cement production reached 1202 Mt and 1284 Mt, respectively, in 2013. A discrepancy was identified between the clinker emission factors relevant to the two main production processes （i.e., the new suspension preheating and pre-calcining kiln （NSP） and the vertical shaft kiln （VSK））, probably relevant to the energy efficiency of the two technologies. An analysis of the spatial characteristics indi- cated that the spatial distribution of the clinker emission factors mainly corresponded to that of the NSP process. The discrepancy of spatial pattern largely complied with the economic and population distribution pattern of China. The study could fill the knowledge gaps and provide role players with a useful spatial integration system that should facilitate the accurate estimation of carbon and corresponding regional mitigation strategies in China.展开更多
This paper analyzes panel data from 2003–2012 to identify the factors driving the expansion of construction land in Ningbo city;it uses panel data,regional-level,and year-by-year regression models.The results indicat...This paper analyzes panel data from 2003–2012 to identify the factors driving the expansion of construction land in Ningbo city;it uses panel data,regional-level,and year-by-year regression models.The results indicate the following：（1） For each 1% increase in the size of the economy,urban population,and industrial structure adjustment coefficient,the amount of construction land increased by 0.35%,0.52% and –1%,respectively.（2） The factors driving the expansion of urban construction land differed across regions.In more highly developed areas such as Yuyao,Cixi,Fenghua and the downtown area,population growth was the most obvious driving factor with coefficients of 4.880,1.383,3.036 and 0.583,respectively,in those areas.Here,the impact of industrial structure adjustment was lower than that of population growth（with coefficients of 1.235,0.307,0.145 and –0.242）,while economic development was an increasingly insignificant factor（with coefficients of –0.302,0.071,0.037 and 0.297）.On the other hand,economic development was the most important factor for the expansion of construction land in relatively less developed areas such as Xiangshan and Ninghai counties with coefficients of 0.413 and 0.195,respectively.Here,population growth（with coefficients of –0.538 and 0.132） and industrial structure adjustment（with coefficients of –0.097 and 0.067） were comparatively weaker driving factors.（3） The results of the year-by-year regression indicate the increased impact of economic development as a driving factor（from –1.531 in 2005 to 1.459 in 2012）.The influence of the population growth factor slowly declined（from 1.249 in 2005 to 0.044 in 2012） and from 2009 on was less influential than the economic development factor.The industrial structure coefficient remained negative and its influence diminished from year to year（from –5.312 in 2004 to –0.589 in 2012）.展开更多
基金Strategic Priority Research Programs-Climate Change： Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No.XDA 05010400, No.XDA 05010205 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.4117111Acknowledgements We thank Dr LIU Tiejun, Dr XU Chengdong, Dr GAO Tianming and Dr ZHONG Shuai for their great support during data calculation process, and thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.
文摘Much attention is being given to estimating cement-related CO2 emissions in China. However, scant explicit and systematical exploration is being done on regional and national CO2 emission volumes. The aim of this work is therefore to provide an improved bottom-up spatial-integration system, relevant to CO2 emissions at factory level, to allow a more accurate estimation of the CO2 emissions from cement production. Based on this system, the sampling data of cement production lines were integrated as regional- and national-level information. The integration results showed that each ton of clinker produced 883 kg CO2, of which the process, fuel, and electricity emissions accounted for 58.70%, 35.97%, and 5.33%, respectively. The volume of CO2 emissions from clinker and cement production reached 1202 Mt and 1284 Mt, respectively, in 2013. A discrepancy was identified between the clinker emission factors relevant to the two main production processes （i.e., the new suspension preheating and pre-calcining kiln （NSP） and the vertical shaft kiln （VSK））, probably relevant to the energy efficiency of the two technologies. An analysis of the spatial characteristics indi- cated that the spatial distribution of the clinker emission factors mainly corresponded to that of the NSP process. The discrepancy of spatial pattern largely complied with the economic and population distribution pattern of China. The study could fill the knowledge gaps and provide role players with a useful spatial integration system that should facilitate the accurate estimation of carbon and corresponding regional mitigation strategies in China.
基金National Key Research&Development Plan(2016YFA0602800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41171110)
文摘This paper analyzes panel data from 2003–2012 to identify the factors driving the expansion of construction land in Ningbo city;it uses panel data,regional-level,and year-by-year regression models.The results indicate the following：（1） For each 1% increase in the size of the economy,urban population,and industrial structure adjustment coefficient,the amount of construction land increased by 0.35%,0.52% and –1%,respectively.（2） The factors driving the expansion of urban construction land differed across regions.In more highly developed areas such as Yuyao,Cixi,Fenghua and the downtown area,population growth was the most obvious driving factor with coefficients of 4.880,1.383,3.036 and 0.583,respectively,in those areas.Here,the impact of industrial structure adjustment was lower than that of population growth（with coefficients of 1.235,0.307,0.145 and –0.242）,while economic development was an increasingly insignificant factor（with coefficients of –0.302,0.071,0.037 and 0.297）.On the other hand,economic development was the most important factor for the expansion of construction land in relatively less developed areas such as Xiangshan and Ninghai counties with coefficients of 0.413 and 0.195,respectively.Here,population growth（with coefficients of –0.538 and 0.132） and industrial structure adjustment（with coefficients of –0.097 and 0.067） were comparatively weaker driving factors.（3） The results of the year-by-year regression indicate the increased impact of economic development as a driving factor（from –1.531 in 2005 to 1.459 in 2012）.The influence of the population growth factor slowly declined（from 1.249 in 2005 to 0.044 in 2012） and from 2009 on was less influential than the economic development factor.The industrial structure coefficient remained negative and its influence diminished from year to year（from –5.312 in 2004 to –0.589 in 2012）.
