Medical history summary:The child has suffered from episodic joint pain in the lower extremities since childhood,with occurrences ranging from 1 to 3 times daily,predominantly during rainy,cold,and humid weather,as we...Medical history summary:The child has suffered from episodic joint pain in the lower extremities since childhood,with occurrences ranging from 1 to 3 times daily,predominantly during rainy,cold,and humid weather,as well as in the afternoons and evenings.Symptoms and signs:The primary manifestation is episodic pain in the distal extremities,predominantly in the lower limbs,knees,and ankles.Occasionally,the pain may ascend to the elbows,wrists,and palms,and may occasionally affect the proximal extremities and waist.Diagnostic methods:Nerve biopsy and related pathological examinations,along with whole exome sequencing,are helpful for diagnosis,particularly the detection of variants in the SCN11A gene.Treatment approaches:(1)Pharmacotherapy:Sodium channel blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen can alleviate pain.(2)Neuromodulation techniques:Techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)and spinal cord stimulation(SCS)can be employed to improve symptoms.(3)Psychotherapy:Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT),relaxation training,or psychological counseling can enhance the patient’s coping abilities.Clinical outcome:Pain relief can be achieved with analgesic medication in children,and pain symptoms generally persist until adulthood,gradually diminishing or even disappearing.Patients can reduce the frequency of episodes by staying warm and avoiding cold and damp conditions.展开更多
Fertilization is essential for high yield and quality in Chinese herbs.Grona styracifolia(Osbeck)H.Ohashi,a distinctive medicinal plant in the Lingnan region,currently encounters cultivation issues stemming from the o...Fertilization is essential for high yield and quality in Chinese herbs.Grona styracifolia(Osbeck)H.Ohashi,a distinctive medicinal plant in the Lingnan region,currently encounters cultivation issues stemming from the overuse of chemical fertilizers.Adopting organic and microbial fertilizers presents a sustainable solution for its cultivation management.This study compared a no-fertilization control group with eight treatment groups using various concentrations of compound,organic,compound microbial,and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizers to evaluate their effects on G.styracifolia and soil microbial communities.The results demonstrated that the different fertilization treatments significantly enhanced plant growth and quality of G.styracifolia,while also increasing the activity of soil enzymes such as urease,invertase,and cellulase,as well as the levels of effective soil nutrients.Comprehensive affiliation function analysis demonstrated that applying Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizer(15 g/kg)exhibited optimal performance in enhancing the growth of G.styracifolia and improving soil fertility parameters.Microbial sequencing of the soil indicated that under the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizer(15 g/kg),the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Ascomycota increased significantly by 27.42%and 74.91%,respectively(p<0.05).The application of microbial-based fertilizers significantly enriched the abundance of Mortierellomycota.Furthermore,LEfSe analysis identified distinct microbial biomarkers associated with different fertilizers.Additionally,redundancy analysis identified Invertase and available potassium(AK)as the primary drivers of soil bacterial and fungal community structures,respectively.This study demonstrated that the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizer(15 g/kg)significantly enhanced soil fertility and restructured microbial communities.These improvements led to increased yield and quality of G.styracifolia,providing a scientific foundation for sustainable cultivation.展开更多
Droplet controllable manipulation over a wide temperature range has promising applications in microelectronic heat dissipation, inkjet printing, and high temperature microfluidic system. However, the fabrication of a ...Droplet controllable manipulation over a wide temperature range has promising applications in microelectronic heat dissipation, inkjet printing, and high temperature microfluidic system. However, the fabrication of a platform for controllable droplet manipulation using the methods commonly used in industry remains a tremendously challenge. The popular method of controlling droplets is highly dependent on external energy input and has relatively poor controllability in terms of droplet motion behaviors and manipulation environment, such as distance, velocity, direction and a wide temperature range. Here, we report a facile and industrially applicable method for preparing Al superhydrophobic (S-phobic) surfaces, which enables controlled droplet bouncing, evaporation, and transport over a wide temperature range. Systematic mechanistic studies are also investigated. Extreme wettability surfaces were prepared on Al substrate by a composite process of electrochemical mask etching and micro-milling. To investigate the evaporation process and thermal coupling characteristics, controlled evaporation and controlled bouncing of droplet in a wide temperature range were conducted. Based on the evaporation regulation and bouncing mechanism of droplets on an extreme wettability surface, by using Laplace pressure gradients and temperature gradients, we realized controlled transport of droplets with confluence, split-flow, and gravity-resistant transport over a wide temperature range, offering a potential platform for a series of applications, such as new drug candidates and water collection.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become the represent-atives of next generation of photovoltaics;nevertheless,their stability is insufficient for large scale deployment,particularly the reverse bias stability.Here,we ...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become the represent-atives of next generation of photovoltaics;nevertheless,their stability is insufficient for large scale deployment,particularly the reverse bias stability.Here,we propose a transparent conducting oxide(TCO)and low-cost metal composite electrode to improve the stability of PSCs without sacrificing the efficiency.The TCO can block ion migrations and chemical reactions between the metal and perovskite,while the metal greatly enhances the conductivity of the composite electrode.As a result,composite electrode-PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.7%(certified 23.2%)and exhibited excellent stability,maintaining 95%of the initial PCE when applying a reverse bias of 4.0 V for 60 s and over 92%of the initial PCE after 1000 h continuous light soaking.This composite electrode strategy can be extended to different combinations of TCOs and metals.It opens a new avenue for improving the stability of PSCs.展开更多
Synthetic nitrogen(N)fertilizer has made a great contribution to the improvement of soil fertility and productivity,but excessive application of synthetic N fertilizer may cause agroecosystem risks,such as soil acidif...Synthetic nitrogen(N)fertilizer has made a great contribution to the improvement of soil fertility and productivity,but excessive application of synthetic N fertilizer may cause agroecosystem risks,such as soil acidification,groundwater contamination and biodiversity reduction.Meanwhile,organic substitution has received increasing attention for its ecologically and environmentally friendly and productivity benefits.However,the linkages between manure substitution,crop yield and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain uncertain.To bridge this gap,a three-year field experiment was conducted with five fertilization regimes:i)Control,non-fertilization;CF,conventional synthetic fertilizer application;CF_(1/2)M_(1/2),1/2 N input via synthetic fertilizer and 1/2 N input via manure;CF_(1/4)M_(3/4),1/4 N input synthetic fertilizer and 3/4 N input via manure;M,manure application.All fertilization treatments were designed to have equal N input.Our results showed that all manure substituted treatments achieved high soil fertility indexes(SFI)and productivities by increasing the soil organic carbon(SOC),total N(TN)and available phosphorus(AP)concentrations,and by altering the bacterial community diversity and composition compared with CF.SOC,AP,and the soil C:N ratio were mainly responsible for microbial community variations.The co-occurrence network revealed that SOC and AP had strong positive associations with Rhodospirillales and Burkholderiales,while TN and C:N ratio had positive and negative associations with Micromonosporaceae,respectively.These specific taxa are implicated in soil macroelement turnover.Random Forest analysis predicted that both biotic(bacterial composition and Micromonosporaceae)and abiotic(AP,SOC,SFI,and TN)factors had significant effects on crop yield.The present work strengthens our understanding of the effects of manure substitution on crop yield and provides theoretical support for optimizing fertilization strategies.展开更多
An efficient metal-free strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant benzo[α]carbazoles from the derivatives of readily available 2-phenylindole and bio-renewable acetol in an aqueous biphasic system was d...An efficient metal-free strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant benzo[α]carbazoles from the derivatives of readily available 2-phenylindole and bio-renewable acetol in an aqueous biphasic system was developed. This protocol employed a sulfone-containing Bronsted acidic ionic liquid as the catalyst, which could be used for five times without a noticeable decrease in its activity and selectivity. Various substituted 2-phenylindoles and α-hydroxyketones participated in the reaction smoothly, with water as the sole byproduct. Mechanistically, the reaction involved the conventional carbon-nucleophile-induced Heyns-type rearrangement and downstream intramolecular olefination.展开更多
Chemodivergent reactions of 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde and anilines were described,which were established on the basis of either a C—C bond cleavage or a rearrangement process of a reaction inte rmediate.These reactio...Chemodivergent reactions of 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde and anilines were described,which were established on the basis of either a C—C bond cleavage or a rearrangement process of a reaction inte rmediate.These reactions proceeded in a condition-determined manner with good functional group tolerance.In the first model,2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde reacted with aniline to form a new C—N bond,in the presence of O_(2),via a C—C bond cleavage reaction.However,in the second model,by performing the reaction in the absence of O_(2),Heyns rearrangement occurred and generated a new C—O bond to form methyl phenylglycinate.Such condition-determined reactions not only offered the new way for valueadded conversion of biomass-derived platform molecule,2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde,but also provided efficient methods for the synthesis of N-arylformamides and methyl phenylglycinates.展开更多
While phthalate acid esters(PAEs)cannot fluoresce alone,they can be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy after chelation with bovine serum albumin(BSA).In this study,the types of amino acid residues at the active sit...While phthalate acid esters(PAEs)cannot fluoresce alone,they can be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy after chelation with bovine serum albumin(BSA).In this study,the types of amino acid residues at the active site of PAEs chelated with BSA were determined using molecular docking technology.A modification scheme of BSA with higher detection sensitivity fluorescence spectroscopy for PAEs was proposed based on the docking results and constructed for a novel BSA structure with a higher detection sensitivity of fluorescence spectroscopy using a homologous modeling method.Density functional theory(DFT)was employed to explore the influence before and after BSA modification on PAEs’detection through fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the docking scores between BSAs and dimethyl phthalate(DMP),dibutyl phthalate(DBP)and di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP)were increased up to 26.45%,16.82%and 16.30%,respectively,indicating that the active site modification of BSA could enhance the binding affinity between BSA and PAEs.The fluorescence intensity of PAEs chelated with modified BSAs were calculated.The fluorescence intensity of fluorescence spectroscopy for DMP,DBP and DNOP chelated with BSAs after modification was increased up to 2.8-,104.51-and 62.43-fold,respectively,which achieved the purpose of theoretically modifying BSA to improve the detection sensitivity of fluorescence spectroscopy for PAEs.展开更多
Acid-catalyzed tandem reactions were established by employing a novel class of 2-arylglycerol derivative,5-aryl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol,as versatile 1,3-biselectrophile.In the reactions,5-aryl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol works like atrop...Acid-catalyzed tandem reactions were established by employing a novel class of 2-arylglycerol derivative,5-aryl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol,as versatile 1,3-biselectrophile.In the reactions,5-aryl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol works like atropaldehydes or 2-aryl malondialdehydes,and can react with 2-naphthols andβ-keto amides,allowing the synthesis of 4H-chromenes and 5-aryl-2-pyridinones.High yields,good functional group tolerance,broad substrate scope and simple reaction operation make this protocol attractive.展开更多
The development of low-cost and high-performance ZnO Schottky photodetectors (PDs) has drawn intensive attention,but still a challenge due to their poor conductivity and low light utilization efficiency.Here,we introd...The development of low-cost and high-performance ZnO Schottky photodetectors (PDs) has drawn intensive attention,but still a challenge due to their poor conductivity and low light utilization efficiency.Here,we introduce Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) into ZnO films to fabricate Schottky UV PDs via facile spin-coated method.The fabricated ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)/ZnO compound film shows outstanding performance on photocurrent,responsivity,noise equivalent power (NEP),normalized detection rate (D~*),and linear dynamic region (LDR),compared with the original Zn O device.The photocurrent is significantly increased by 466%,and the responsivity is improved by one order of magnitude.In addition,it exhibits relatively low NEP (5.99×10^(-11)W),strong D~*(2.53×10~9 Jones),and high LDR (28 dB).The superior performance is ascribed to the enhanced conductivity and light absorption of ZnO film after introduction of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) modification layer,leading to simultaneously faster electron transfer,lower the radiation recombination of electron and holes on the ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)/ZnO compound film.This work provides a facile way to develop low-cost and highperformance ZnO Schottky PDs.展开更多
Droplet transport still faces numerous challenges,such as a limited transport distance,large volume loss,and liquid contamination.Inspired by the principle of‘synergistic biomimetics’,we propose a design for a platf...Droplet transport still faces numerous challenges,such as a limited transport distance,large volume loss,and liquid contamination.Inspired by the principle of‘synergistic biomimetics’,we propose a design for a platform that enables droplets to be self-propelled.The orchid leaf-like three-dimensional driving structure provides driving forces for the liquid droplets,whereas the lotus leaf-like superhydrophobic surface prevents liquid adhesion,and the bamboo-like nodes enable long-distance transport.During droplet transport,no external energy input is required,no fluid adhesion or residue is induced,and no contamination or mass loss of the fluid is caused.We explore the influence of various types and parameters of wedge structures on droplet transportation,the deceleration of droplet speed at nodal points,and the distribution of internal pressure.The results indicate that the transport platform exhibits insensitivity to pH value and temperature.It allows droplets to be transported with varying curvatures in a spatial environment,making it applicable in tasks like target collection,as well as load,fused,anti-gravity,and long-distance transport.The maximum droplet transport speed reached(58±5)mm·s^(−1),whereas the transport distance extended to(136±4)mm.The developed platform holds significant application prospects in the fields of biomedicine and chemistry,such as high-throughput screening of drugs,genomic bioanalysis,microfluidic chip technology for drug delivery,and analysis of biological samples.展开更多
The interfaces of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are well known to be rich in deep-level carrier traps,which serve as non-radiative recombination centers and limit the open-circuit voltage(Voc)and power conversion effici...The interfaces of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are well known to be rich in deep-level carrier traps,which serve as non-radiative recombination centers and limit the open-circuit voltage(Voc)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs.Defect chemistry and surface passivators have been researched extensively and mainly focused on the neutralization of uncoordinated lead or anion defects.Herein,a novel brominated passivator 2-bromophenethylammonium iodide(2-Br-PEAI)is introduced for a multi-functional passivation effect at the perovskite interface.The brominated species readily form 2D perovskite on top of the 3D perovskite and multi-interact with the 3D perovskite surface.Apart from the halide vacancy filling and anion bonding ability,the Br atoms on the benzene ring can interact with the FA cations via strong hydrogen bonding N-H…Br and interact with the[PbI_(6)]^(4−)inorganic framework.The interface defects in the PSCs are well passivated,minimizing non-radiative recombination and enhancing device performance.As a result,a champion PCE of 24.22%was achieved with high V_(oc)and fill factor.In addition,modified devices also showed enhanced operational stability(retention of>95%initial PCE after 400 h)and humidity resistance(>90%initial PCE maintained after 1500 h under~50%RH).展开更多
Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide.Fusarium head blight severely reduces wheat yield and quality.Cultivation of a novel type of cleistogamous wheat mutant,ZK001,which was created by static magne...Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide.Fusarium head blight severely reduces wheat yield and quality.Cultivation of a novel type of cleistogamous wheat mutant,ZK001,which was created by static magnetic field treatment,is a new strategy for controlling Fusarium head blight.However,little is known about the mechanism of cleistogamy in wheat.The present study demonstrated that anthers of ZK001 were retained on the glumes at all flowering stages,whereas those of YM18 were extruded from the paleae and lemmae.There was a clear difference in the morphological characteristics of lodicules between YM18 and ZK001.Lodicule calcium and potassium contents were significantly higher in YM18 than in ZK001 from white to yellow anther stages.In Fusarium head blight resistance,the diseased kernel rate and deoxynivalenol content of ZK001 were markedly lower than those of YM18 and QM725.Comparative transcriptome analysis of YM18 and ZK001 was performed to identify regulatory mechanisms of cleistogamy.The main differentially expressed genes identified in the spikelets of YM18 and ZK001 at the green anther stage were associated with cell walls,carbohydrates,phytohormones,water channel,and ion binding,transport,and homeostasis.These differentially expressed genes may play an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis,osmotic pressure,and lodicule development.The results indicate that ZK001 lost the ability to push the lemmae and paleae apart during the flowering stage because of the thin lodicules.ZK001 was speculated to provide structural barriers for Fusarium head blight during the flowering stage.The thin lodicule of ZK001 results from low levels of soluble sugar,calcium ions,and potassium ions in the lodicules.These levels are regulated by differentially expressed genes.展开更多
High power conversion efficiency(PCE)flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)are highly desired power sources for aerospace crafts and flexible electronics.However,their PCEs still lag far behind their rigid counterpart...High power conversion efficiency(PCE)flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)are highly desired power sources for aerospace crafts and flexible electronics.However,their PCEs still lag far behind their rigid counterparts.Herein,we report a high PCE FPSC by controllable growth of a SnO_(2)electron transport layer through constant pH chemical bath deposition(CBD).The application of SnSO_(4)as tin source enables us to perform CBD without strong acid,which in turn makes it applicable to acid-sensitive flexible indium tin oxide.Furthermore,a mild and controllable growth environment leads to uniform particle growth and dense SnO_(2)deposition with full coverage and reproducibility,resulting in a record PCE of up to 25.09%(certified 24.90%)for FPSCs to date.The as-fabricated FPSCs exhibited high durability,maintaining over 90% of their initial PCE after 10000 bending cycles.展开更多
A thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of information learning is proposed,which is applicable to stochastic thermodynamic systems with multiple internal degrees of freedom.The learning rate,entropy produ...A thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of information learning is proposed,which is applicable to stochastic thermodynamic systems with multiple internal degrees of freedom.The learning rate,entropy production rate and entropy flow from the system to the environment under coarse-grained dynamics are derived.The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality is applied to demonstrate the lower bound on the entropy production rate of an internal state.The inequality of the entropy production rate is tighter than the Clausius inequality,leading to a derivative of the upper bound on the efficiency of learning.The results are verified in cellular networks with information processes.展开更多
A combat system-of-systems (CSoS) is a network of independent entities that interact to provide overall operational capabilities.Enhancing the resilience of CSoS is garnering increasing attention due to its practical ...A combat system-of-systems (CSoS) is a network of independent entities that interact to provide overall operational capabilities.Enhancing the resilience of CSoS is garnering increasing attention due to its practical value in optimizing network architectures,improving network security and refining operational planning.Accordingly,we present a unified framework called CSoS space-time resilience enhancement (CSoS-STRE) to enhance the resilience of CSoS.Specifically,we develop a spatial combat network model and a space-time resilience optimization model that captures the complex spatial relationships between entities and reformulates the resilience enhancement problem as a linear optimization model with spatial features.Moreover,we extend the model to include obstacles.Next,a resilience-oriented recovery optimization method based on the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (R-INSGA) is proposed to determine the optimal recovery sequence for the damaged entities.This method incorporates spatial features while providing the optimal travel paths for multiple recovery teams.Finally,the feasibility,effectiveness,and superiority of the CSoS-STRE are demonstrated through a case study,providing valuable insights for guiding recovery and developing more resilient CSoS.展开更多
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI),a major complication in liver surgery and transplantation,is characterized by oxidative stress and an increased inflammatory response.Unfortunately,current strategies for the ...Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI),a major complication in liver surgery and transplantation,is characterized by oxidative stress and an increased inflammatory response.Unfortunately,current strategies for the prevention or treatment of HIRI are limited.This study presents CMM,an innovative nanotherapeutic platform that integrates melatonin(Me)within cerium-based metal-organic frameworks(Ce-MOFs).CMM demonstrated outstanding biocompatibility,liver accumulation,catalase and superoxide dismutase activities,along with inflammation regulation.CMM significantly reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,preserved mitochondrial function,inhibited the BAX/BCL-2 apoptotic pathway,and protected hepatocytes.Furthermore,CMM reprogrammed pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation,which significantly decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6.In the HIRI mouse model,CMM demonstrated robust hepatocyte protection and inhibition of inflammation.Additionally,RNA-seq analysis revealed that CMM modulated key inflammatory and antioxidant pathways,including cytokine signaling and glutathione metabolism.These findings underscore the potential of CMM to interrupt the oxidative stress-inflammation feedback loop,indicating its promise as an innovative treatment for HIRI.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the linear elasticity problem based on the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. An O（h2） order superclose property for the stress and displacement and a global superconvergence result...In this paper, we consider the linear elasticity problem based on the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. An O（h2） order superclose property for the stress and displacement and a global superconvergence result of the displacement are established by employing a Clement interpolation, an integral identity and appropriate postprocessing techniques.展开更多
文摘Medical history summary:The child has suffered from episodic joint pain in the lower extremities since childhood,with occurrences ranging from 1 to 3 times daily,predominantly during rainy,cold,and humid weather,as well as in the afternoons and evenings.Symptoms and signs:The primary manifestation is episodic pain in the distal extremities,predominantly in the lower limbs,knees,and ankles.Occasionally,the pain may ascend to the elbows,wrists,and palms,and may occasionally affect the proximal extremities and waist.Diagnostic methods:Nerve biopsy and related pathological examinations,along with whole exome sequencing,are helpful for diagnosis,particularly the detection of variants in the SCN11A gene.Treatment approaches:(1)Pharmacotherapy:Sodium channel blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen can alleviate pain.(2)Neuromodulation techniques:Techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)and spinal cord stimulation(SCS)can be employed to improve symptoms.(3)Psychotherapy:Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT),relaxation training,or psychological counseling can enhance the patient’s coping abilities.Clinical outcome:Pain relief can be achieved with analgesic medication in children,and pain symptoms generally persist until adulthood,gradually diminishing or even disappearing.Patients can reduce the frequency of episodes by staying warm and avoiding cold and damp conditions.
基金funded by Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province Project(20215007)TraditionalChineseMedicine Bureau OfGuangdong Province Project(20232088)+1 种基金Agricultural and Rural Department of Guangdong Province Project(156012)Guangdong Rural Science and Technology Commissioner Project(KTP20210111).
文摘Fertilization is essential for high yield and quality in Chinese herbs.Grona styracifolia(Osbeck)H.Ohashi,a distinctive medicinal plant in the Lingnan region,currently encounters cultivation issues stemming from the overuse of chemical fertilizers.Adopting organic and microbial fertilizers presents a sustainable solution for its cultivation management.This study compared a no-fertilization control group with eight treatment groups using various concentrations of compound,organic,compound microbial,and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizers to evaluate their effects on G.styracifolia and soil microbial communities.The results demonstrated that the different fertilization treatments significantly enhanced plant growth and quality of G.styracifolia,while also increasing the activity of soil enzymes such as urease,invertase,and cellulase,as well as the levels of effective soil nutrients.Comprehensive affiliation function analysis demonstrated that applying Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizer(15 g/kg)exhibited optimal performance in enhancing the growth of G.styracifolia and improving soil fertility parameters.Microbial sequencing of the soil indicated that under the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizer(15 g/kg),the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Ascomycota increased significantly by 27.42%and 74.91%,respectively(p<0.05).The application of microbial-based fertilizers significantly enriched the abundance of Mortierellomycota.Furthermore,LEfSe analysis identified distinct microbial biomarkers associated with different fertilizers.Additionally,redundancy analysis identified Invertase and available potassium(AK)as the primary drivers of soil bacterial and fungal community structures,respectively.This study demonstrated that the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizer(15 g/kg)significantly enhanced soil fertility and restructured microbial communities.These improvements led to increased yield and quality of G.styracifolia,providing a scientific foundation for sustainable cultivation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFE0116900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.52275420 and 52130503)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.2020WK2011)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20200409).
文摘Droplet controllable manipulation over a wide temperature range has promising applications in microelectronic heat dissipation, inkjet printing, and high temperature microfluidic system. However, the fabrication of a platform for controllable droplet manipulation using the methods commonly used in industry remains a tremendously challenge. The popular method of controlling droplets is highly dependent on external energy input and has relatively poor controllability in terms of droplet motion behaviors and manipulation environment, such as distance, velocity, direction and a wide temperature range. Here, we report a facile and industrially applicable method for preparing Al superhydrophobic (S-phobic) surfaces, which enables controlled droplet bouncing, evaporation, and transport over a wide temperature range. Systematic mechanistic studies are also investigated. Extreme wettability surfaces were prepared on Al substrate by a composite process of electrochemical mask etching and micro-milling. To investigate the evaporation process and thermal coupling characteristics, controlled evaporation and controlled bouncing of droplet in a wide temperature range were conducted. Based on the evaporation regulation and bouncing mechanism of droplets on an extreme wettability surface, by using Laplace pressure gradients and temperature gradients, we realized controlled transport of droplets with confluence, split-flow, and gravity-resistant transport over a wide temperature range, offering a potential platform for a series of applications, such as new drug candidates and water collection.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21872080)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803304)+2 种基金supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20221080065,20223080044)The State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment(Nos.SKLD21Z03 and SKLD20M03)the Chinese Thousand Talents Program for Young Professionals.
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become the represent-atives of next generation of photovoltaics;nevertheless,their stability is insufficient for large scale deployment,particularly the reverse bias stability.Here,we propose a transparent conducting oxide(TCO)and low-cost metal composite electrode to improve the stability of PSCs without sacrificing the efficiency.The TCO can block ion migrations and chemical reactions between the metal and perovskite,while the metal greatly enhances the conductivity of the composite electrode.As a result,composite electrode-PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.7%(certified 23.2%)and exhibited excellent stability,maintaining 95%of the initial PCE when applying a reverse bias of 4.0 V for 60 s and over 92%of the initial PCE after 1000 h continuous light soaking.This composite electrode strategy can be extended to different combinations of TCOs and metals.It opens a new avenue for improving the stability of PSCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301403-2)the Major Special Project of Anhui Province,China(2021d06050003)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2022B638)the Special Project of Zhongke Bengbu Technology Transfer Center,China(ZKBB202103)the Grant of the President Foundation of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences(YZJJ2023QN37)。
文摘Synthetic nitrogen(N)fertilizer has made a great contribution to the improvement of soil fertility and productivity,but excessive application of synthetic N fertilizer may cause agroecosystem risks,such as soil acidification,groundwater contamination and biodiversity reduction.Meanwhile,organic substitution has received increasing attention for its ecologically and environmentally friendly and productivity benefits.However,the linkages between manure substitution,crop yield and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain uncertain.To bridge this gap,a three-year field experiment was conducted with five fertilization regimes:i)Control,non-fertilization;CF,conventional synthetic fertilizer application;CF_(1/2)M_(1/2),1/2 N input via synthetic fertilizer and 1/2 N input via manure;CF_(1/4)M_(3/4),1/4 N input synthetic fertilizer and 3/4 N input via manure;M,manure application.All fertilization treatments were designed to have equal N input.Our results showed that all manure substituted treatments achieved high soil fertility indexes(SFI)and productivities by increasing the soil organic carbon(SOC),total N(TN)and available phosphorus(AP)concentrations,and by altering the bacterial community diversity and composition compared with CF.SOC,AP,and the soil C:N ratio were mainly responsible for microbial community variations.The co-occurrence network revealed that SOC and AP had strong positive associations with Rhodospirillales and Burkholderiales,while TN and C:N ratio had positive and negative associations with Micromonosporaceae,respectively.These specific taxa are implicated in soil macroelement turnover.Random Forest analysis predicted that both biotic(bacterial composition and Micromonosporaceae)and abiotic(AP,SOC,SFI,and TN)factors had significant effects on crop yield.The present work strengthens our understanding of the effects of manure substitution on crop yield and provides theoretical support for optimizing fertilization strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21761132014,21872060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2016YXZD033)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019kfyXJJS072)Opening fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure(2017MCF01K)~~
文摘An efficient metal-free strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant benzo[α]carbazoles from the derivatives of readily available 2-phenylindole and bio-renewable acetol in an aqueous biphasic system was developed. This protocol employed a sulfone-containing Bronsted acidic ionic liquid as the catalyst, which could be used for five times without a noticeable decrease in its activity and selectivity. Various substituted 2-phenylindoles and α-hydroxyketones participated in the reaction smoothly, with water as the sole byproduct. Mechanistically, the reaction involved the conventional carbon-nucleophile-induced Heyns-type rearrangement and downstream intramolecular olefination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(Nos.2171101076,21872060 and 21902054)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019kfyXJJS072)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2019CFB219)。
文摘Chemodivergent reactions of 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde and anilines were described,which were established on the basis of either a C—C bond cleavage or a rearrangement process of a reaction inte rmediate.These reactions proceeded in a condition-determined manner with good functional group tolerance.In the first model,2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde reacted with aniline to form a new C—N bond,in the presence of O_(2),via a C—C bond cleavage reaction.However,in the second model,by performing the reaction in the absence of O_(2),Heyns rearrangement occurred and generated a new C—O bond to form methyl phenylglycinate.Such condition-determined reactions not only offered the new way for valueadded conversion of biomass-derived platform molecule,2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde,but also provided efficient methods for the synthesis of N-arylformamides and methyl phenylglycinates.
文摘While phthalate acid esters(PAEs)cannot fluoresce alone,they can be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy after chelation with bovine serum albumin(BSA).In this study,the types of amino acid residues at the active site of PAEs chelated with BSA were determined using molecular docking technology.A modification scheme of BSA with higher detection sensitivity fluorescence spectroscopy for PAEs was proposed based on the docking results and constructed for a novel BSA structure with a higher detection sensitivity of fluorescence spectroscopy using a homologous modeling method.Density functional theory(DFT)was employed to explore the influence before and after BSA modification on PAEs’detection through fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the docking scores between BSAs and dimethyl phthalate(DMP),dibutyl phthalate(DBP)and di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP)were increased up to 26.45%,16.82%and 16.30%,respectively,indicating that the active site modification of BSA could enhance the binding affinity between BSA and PAEs.The fluorescence intensity of PAEs chelated with modified BSAs were calculated.The fluorescence intensity of fluorescence spectroscopy for DMP,DBP and DNOP chelated with BSAs after modification was increased up to 2.8-,104.51-and 62.43-fold,respectively,which achieved the purpose of theoretically modifying BSA to improve the detection sensitivity of fluorescence spectroscopy for PAEs.
基金The National Key Research and Development Project(No.2022YFE0124100)Ordos Key Research and Development Project(No.2022EEDSKJZDZX003)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21872060,21902054,21761132014,and 22072049)the Open Research Fund(No.2022JYBKF01)of Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage(HUST),Ministry of Education,are acknowledged for the financial supportProgram for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(No.2019QYTD06)is also acknowledgedsupported by The Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device。
文摘Acid-catalyzed tandem reactions were established by employing a novel class of 2-arylglycerol derivative,5-aryl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol,as versatile 1,3-biselectrophile.In the reactions,5-aryl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol works like atropaldehydes or 2-aryl malondialdehydes,and can react with 2-naphthols andβ-keto amides,allowing the synthesis of 4H-chromenes and 5-aryl-2-pyridinones.High yields,good functional group tolerance,broad substrate scope and simple reaction operation make this protocol attractive.
基金support from Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. LY19F050007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11604298)Zhoushan Science and Technology Project (Nos. 2019C21029, 2019C21017)。
文摘The development of low-cost and high-performance ZnO Schottky photodetectors (PDs) has drawn intensive attention,but still a challenge due to their poor conductivity and low light utilization efficiency.Here,we introduce Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) into ZnO films to fabricate Schottky UV PDs via facile spin-coated method.The fabricated ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)/ZnO compound film shows outstanding performance on photocurrent,responsivity,noise equivalent power (NEP),normalized detection rate (D~*),and linear dynamic region (LDR),compared with the original Zn O device.The photocurrent is significantly increased by 466%,and the responsivity is improved by one order of magnitude.In addition,it exhibits relatively low NEP (5.99×10^(-11)W),strong D~*(2.53×10~9 Jones),and high LDR (28 dB).The superior performance is ascribed to the enhanced conductivity and light absorption of ZnO film after introduction of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) modification layer,leading to simultaneously faster electron transfer,lower the radiation recombination of electron and holes on the ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)/ZnO compound film.This work provides a facile way to develop low-cost and highperformance ZnO Schottky PDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.52275420)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3403304)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province[Grant No.2022JJ30136].
文摘Droplet transport still faces numerous challenges,such as a limited transport distance,large volume loss,and liquid contamination.Inspired by the principle of‘synergistic biomimetics’,we propose a design for a platform that enables droplets to be self-propelled.The orchid leaf-like three-dimensional driving structure provides driving forces for the liquid droplets,whereas the lotus leaf-like superhydrophobic surface prevents liquid adhesion,and the bamboo-like nodes enable long-distance transport.During droplet transport,no external energy input is required,no fluid adhesion or residue is induced,and no contamination or mass loss of the fluid is caused.We explore the influence of various types and parameters of wedge structures on droplet transportation,the deceleration of droplet speed at nodal points,and the distribution of internal pressure.The results indicate that the transport platform exhibits insensitivity to pH value and temperature.It allows droplets to be transported with varying curvatures in a spatial environment,making it applicable in tasks like target collection,as well as load,fused,anti-gravity,and long-distance transport.The maximum droplet transport speed reached(58±5)mm·s^(−1),whereas the transport distance extended to(136±4)mm.The developed platform holds significant application prospects in the fields of biomedicine and chemistry,such as high-throughput screening of drugs,genomic bioanalysis,microfluidic chip technology for drug delivery,and analysis of biological samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21872080)State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment(No.SKLD21Z03,SKLD20M03)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.043240004).
文摘The interfaces of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are well known to be rich in deep-level carrier traps,which serve as non-radiative recombination centers and limit the open-circuit voltage(Voc)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs.Defect chemistry and surface passivators have been researched extensively and mainly focused on the neutralization of uncoordinated lead or anion defects.Herein,a novel brominated passivator 2-bromophenethylammonium iodide(2-Br-PEAI)is introduced for a multi-functional passivation effect at the perovskite interface.The brominated species readily form 2D perovskite on top of the 3D perovskite and multi-interact with the 3D perovskite surface.Apart from the halide vacancy filling and anion bonding ability,the Br atoms on the benzene ring can interact with the FA cations via strong hydrogen bonding N-H…Br and interact with the[PbI_(6)]^(4−)inorganic framework.The interface defects in the PSCs are well passivated,minimizing non-radiative recombination and enhancing device performance.As a result,a champion PCE of 24.22%was achieved with high V_(oc)and fill factor.In addition,modified devices also showed enhanced operational stability(retention of>95%initial PCE after 400 h)and humidity resistance(>90%initial PCE maintained after 1500 h under~50%RH).
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2018YFD0300901)the Science and Technology Service Programof Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-054)+2 种基金the Key Program of 13th Five-Year Plan,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.kp-2017-21)Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(G2015060104)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,China(ZW2013003).
文摘Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide.Fusarium head blight severely reduces wheat yield and quality.Cultivation of a novel type of cleistogamous wheat mutant,ZK001,which was created by static magnetic field treatment,is a new strategy for controlling Fusarium head blight.However,little is known about the mechanism of cleistogamy in wheat.The present study demonstrated that anthers of ZK001 were retained on the glumes at all flowering stages,whereas those of YM18 were extruded from the paleae and lemmae.There was a clear difference in the morphological characteristics of lodicules between YM18 and ZK001.Lodicule calcium and potassium contents were significantly higher in YM18 than in ZK001 from white to yellow anther stages.In Fusarium head blight resistance,the diseased kernel rate and deoxynivalenol content of ZK001 were markedly lower than those of YM18 and QM725.Comparative transcriptome analysis of YM18 and ZK001 was performed to identify regulatory mechanisms of cleistogamy.The main differentially expressed genes identified in the spikelets of YM18 and ZK001 at the green anther stage were associated with cell walls,carbohydrates,phytohormones,water channel,and ion binding,transport,and homeostasis.These differentially expressed genes may play an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis,osmotic pressure,and lodicule development.The results indicate that ZK001 lost the ability to push the lemmae and paleae apart during the flowering stage because of the thin lodicules.ZK001 was speculated to provide structural barriers for Fusarium head blight during the flowering stage.The thin lodicule of ZK001 results from low levels of soluble sugar,calcium ions,and potassium ions in the lodicules.These levels are regulated by differentially expressed genes.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803304)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B20153,U23A20138)+5 种基金Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20221080065,20223080044)Independent Innovative Research Program(ZK20230101)Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University,State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment(Nos.SKLD21Z03 and SKLD20M03)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741888)The Chinese Thousand Talents Program for Young ProfessionalsState Grid Corporation of China,National Bio Energy Co.Ltd.,grant no.52789922000D.
文摘High power conversion efficiency(PCE)flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)are highly desired power sources for aerospace crafts and flexible electronics.However,their PCEs still lag far behind their rigid counterparts.Herein,we report a high PCE FPSC by controllable growth of a SnO_(2)electron transport layer through constant pH chemical bath deposition(CBD).The application of SnSO_(4)as tin source enables us to perform CBD without strong acid,which in turn makes it applicable to acid-sensitive flexible indium tin oxide.Furthermore,a mild and controllable growth environment leads to uniform particle growth and dense SnO_(2)deposition with full coverage and reproducibility,resulting in a record PCE of up to 25.09%(certified 24.90%)for FPSCs to date.The as-fabricated FPSCs exhibited high durability,maintaining over 90% of their initial PCE after 10000 bending cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12075197)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Grant No.20720210024)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2023J01006)。
文摘A thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of information learning is proposed,which is applicable to stochastic thermodynamic systems with multiple internal degrees of freedom.The learning rate,entropy production rate and entropy flow from the system to the environment under coarse-grained dynamics are derived.The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality is applied to demonstrate the lower bound on the entropy production rate of an internal state.The inequality of the entropy production rate is tighter than the Clausius inequality,leading to a derivative of the upper bound on the efficiency of learning.The results are verified in cellular networks with information processes.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72371244,72301286,72231011,and 72431011)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(No.CX20240146).
文摘A combat system-of-systems (CSoS) is a network of independent entities that interact to provide overall operational capabilities.Enhancing the resilience of CSoS is garnering increasing attention due to its practical value in optimizing network architectures,improving network security and refining operational planning.Accordingly,we present a unified framework called CSoS space-time resilience enhancement (CSoS-STRE) to enhance the resilience of CSoS.Specifically,we develop a spatial combat network model and a space-time resilience optimization model that captures the complex spatial relationships between entities and reformulates the resilience enhancement problem as a linear optimization model with spatial features.Moreover,we extend the model to include obstacles.Next,a resilience-oriented recovery optimization method based on the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (R-INSGA) is proposed to determine the optimal recovery sequence for the damaged entities.This method incorporates spatial features while providing the optimal travel paths for multiple recovery teams.Finally,the feasibility,effectiveness,and superiority of the CSoS-STRE are demonstrated through a case study,providing valuable insights for guiding recovery and developing more resilient CSoS.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170670)the Medical Science and Technology Program of Henan(No.SB201901045).
文摘Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI),a major complication in liver surgery and transplantation,is characterized by oxidative stress and an increased inflammatory response.Unfortunately,current strategies for the prevention or treatment of HIRI are limited.This study presents CMM,an innovative nanotherapeutic platform that integrates melatonin(Me)within cerium-based metal-organic frameworks(Ce-MOFs).CMM demonstrated outstanding biocompatibility,liver accumulation,catalase and superoxide dismutase activities,along with inflammation regulation.CMM significantly reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,preserved mitochondrial function,inhibited the BAX/BCL-2 apoptotic pathway,and protected hepatocytes.Furthermore,CMM reprogrammed pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation,which significantly decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6.In the HIRI mouse model,CMM demonstrated robust hepatocyte protection and inhibition of inflammation.Additionally,RNA-seq analysis revealed that CMM modulated key inflammatory and antioxidant pathways,including cytokine signaling and glutathione metabolism.These findings underscore the potential of CMM to interrupt the oxidative stress-inflammation feedback loop,indicating its promise as an innovative treatment for HIRI.
文摘In this paper, we consider the linear elasticity problem based on the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. An O（h2） order superclose property for the stress and displacement and a global superconvergence result of the displacement are established by employing a Clement interpolation, an integral identity and appropriate postprocessing techniques.
