BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)is a primary antibody immunodeficiency disorder characterized by diminished IgG levels.Despite ongoing research,the precise pathogenesis of CVID remains unclear.Genetic...BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)is a primary antibody immunodeficiency disorder characterized by diminished IgG levels.Despite ongoing research,the precise pathogenesis of CVID remains unclear.Genetic factors account for only 10%-20%of cases,with an estimated incidence of 1 in 10000 to 1 in 100000,affecting individuals across all age groups.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 32-year-old man with CVID who presented with a chief complaint of“recurrent diarrhea and significant weight loss over the past 2 years”.Laboratory tests on admission showed fat droplets in stool,while other parameters were within normal ranges.Gastroscopy revealed a smooth gastric mucosa without bile retention or signs of Helicobacter pylori infection;however,the mucosa of the descending segment of the duodenum appeared rough.Further evaluation of the small intestine using computed tomography indicated no abnormalities.Finally,the whole-small bowel double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE)was performed,which revealed various phenotypic changes in the small intestinal mucosa.The patient was diagnosed with CVID,which improved after immunoglobulin therapy,with favorable follow-up outcomes.CONCLUSION Non-infectious enteropathy in CVID is rare.Therefore,DBE is essential for diagnosing small intestinal involvement in such cases.展开更多
The rapid development of low earth orbit(LEO)satellite communication networks imposes stringent bandwidth,cost,and power consumption requirements.Conventional intradyne detection(ID)architectures struggle with high Do...The rapid development of low earth orbit(LEO)satellite communication networks imposes stringent bandwidth,cost,and power consumption requirements.Conventional intradyne detection(ID)architectures struggle with high Doppler frequency shifts(DFSs),necessitating excessive sampling rates and complex digital signal processing(DSP),resulting in elevated power consumption.This study proposes an inter-satellite polarization division multiplexing self-homodyne detection(PDM-SHD)architecture that compensates for DFSs in the optical domain by co-transmitting a polarization-orthogonal carrier light.The proposed architecture could achieve Nyquist sampling and half-quantization noise,leading to a 53.9%reduction in analog-to-digital converter power consumption under 40 Gbps 16-QAM transmission with a 16 dB signal-to-noise ratio.By demodulating I∕Q axis signals independently with real-valued single-input single-output(SISO)processing,it requires only about 15%DSP complexity and achieves intensity-modulation and direct-detection comparable.SISO processing also has the potential to transmit I and Q components from separate devices or satellites,enabling a flexible satellite communication network.The results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves detection sensitivities of−40.8 dBm for 80 Gbps quadrature phase-shift keying transmission and−33.0 dBm for 160 Gbps 16-QAM transmission with Nyquist sampling,whereas the ID architecture can hardly work.The proposed architecture effectively balances satellite power constraints with DSP computational demands for high-speed mega-constellation communications.展开更多
The prediction of power grid faults based on meteorological factors is of great significance to reduce economic losses caused by power grid faults. However, the existing methods fail to effectively extract key feature...The prediction of power grid faults based on meteorological factors is of great significance to reduce economic losses caused by power grid faults. However, the existing methods fail to effectively extract key features and accurately predict fault types due to the complexity of meteorological factors and their nonlinear relationships. In response to these challenges, we propose the Feature-Enhanced XGBoost power grid fault prediction method (FE-XGBoost). Specifically, we first combine the gradient boosting decision tree and recursive feature elimination method to extract essential features from meteorological data. Then, we incorporate a piecewise linear chaotic map to enhance the optimization accuracy of the sparrow search algorithm. Finally, we construct an XGBoost-based model for the classification prediction of power grid meteorological faults and optimize the hyperparameters such as the optimal tree depth, optimal learning rate, and optimal number of iterations using an enhanced sparrow search algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline models in predicting power grid faults accurately.展开更多
Given the definition of the reference Knudsen number for micro gas journal bearings,the range in the number is related to the viscosity of air at different temperatures. A modified Reynolds equation for micro gas jour...Given the definition of the reference Knudsen number for micro gas journal bearings,the range in the number is related to the viscosity of air at different temperatures. A modified Reynolds equation for micro gas journal bearings based on Burgdorfer's first-order slip boundary condition is proposed that takes into account the gas rarefaction effect. The finite difference method (FDM) is adopted to solve the modified Reynolds equation to obtain the pressure profiles,load capacities and attitude angles for micro gas journal bearings at different reference Knudsen numbers,bearing numbers and journal eccentricity ratios. Numerical analysis shows that pressure profiles and non-dimensional load capacities decrease markedly as gas rarefaction in-creases. Attitude angles change conversely,and when the eccentricity ratio is less than 0.6,the attitude angles rise slightly and the influence of the reference Knudsen number is not marked. In addition,the effect of gas rarefaction on the non-dimensional load capacity and attitude angle decreases with smaller bearing numbers.展开更多
Niobium ion implantation is found to significantly decrease the friction coefficient and improve wear resistance of NiTi shape memory alloy. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） observations indicate that surface groov...Niobium ion implantation is found to significantly decrease the friction coefficient and improve wear resistance of NiTi shape memory alloy. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） observations indicate that surface grooves formed on NiTi during the mechanical polishing are removed after Nb ion implantation. Dry friction tests show that Nb implanted NiTi samples exhibit a lower friction coefficient, narrower wear tracks, fewer wear debris generated, 46 %-62 % reduction in wear width, and29 %-49 % reduction in wear depth compared with the untreated NiTi. Wear resistance is related to the incident parameters, and the Nb implanted NiTi with the incident dose of 2.5 9 1017ionsácm-2, and incident current of2 mA behaves the best wear performance. The lubricating of Nb2O5, good oxidation resistance of Nb in NiTi, and increased micro-hardness of NiTi are responsible for the enhanced wear resistance.展开更多
Poyang Lake in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River catchment has undergone frequent spring drought since 2003,and some researchers attributed this phenomenon to sand mining and the lakebed deformation in the outlet channel l...Poyang Lake in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River catchment has undergone frequent spring drought since 2003,and some researchers attributed this phenomenon to sand mining and the lakebed deformation in the outlet channel linking the lake with Changjiang River main channel.However,there is still a lack of high-resolution subaqueous geomorphological evidence of how sand mining led to lakebed deformation in the outlet channel.We examined the bed morphology and sub-bottom sedimentary structure of the outlet channel,using a multibeam echo sounder and sub-bottom profi ler in Poyang Lake.We found that:(1)the subaqueous micro-topography types of the outlet channel are characterized by sand mining disturbance,natural erosional topography,and fl at bed and dunes,accounting for 44.9%,21.4%,28.6%,and 5.1%of the channel area,respectively;and(2)sand mining activity aff ects the local bed topography extensively and signifi cantly.The depth of sandpits caused by sand mining varied from 1.4 m to 12 m deeper than the surrounding bed surface,with 4.41 m of depth increase on average.Hence,the large-scale high-intensity sand mining activities and their signifi cant geomorphic eff ects demand for an improved assessment for future management and longer-term sustainability.Because of the large-scale and ongoing high-intensity sand mining activities in the Poyang Lake outlet channel,these eff ects should raise caution in the future and contribute to monitoring eff orts that are essential to implement sustainable management solutions.The present study and techniques implemented can serve as a scientifi c reference for dam construction and sand mining within the Poyang Lake basin.展开更多
Under intense environmental pressure, the global energy sector is promoting the integration of renewable energy into interconnected energy systems. The demand-side management （DSM） of energy systems has drawn consid...Under intense environmental pressure, the global energy sector is promoting the integration of renewable energy into interconnected energy systems. The demand-side management （DSM） of energy systems has drawn considerable industrial and academic attention in attempts to form new flexibilities to respond to variations in renewable energy inputs to the system. However, many DSM concepts are still in the experimental demonstration phase. One of the obstacles to DSM usage is that the current information infrastructure was mainly designed for centralized systems, and does not meet DSM requirements. To overcome this barrier, this paper proposes a novel information infrastructure named the lnternet of Energy Things （IoET） in order to make DSM practicable by basing it on the latest wireless communication technology： the low-power wide-area network （LPWAN）. The primary advantage of LPWAN over general packet radio service （GPRS） and area Internet of Things （loT） is its wide-area coverage, which comes with minimum power consumption and maintenance costs. Against this background, this paper briefly reviews the representative LPWAN tech- nologies of narrow-band Internet of Things （NB-IoT） and Long Range （LORa） technology, and compares them with GPRS and area IoT technology. Next, a wireless-to-cloud architecture is proposed for the IoET, based on the main technical features of LPWAN. Finally, this paper looks forward to the potential of IoET in various DSM application scenarios.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil poses a huge threat to plants even at low concentrations;Broussonetia papyrifera has great potential in remediation of soil heavy metal contamination.However,whether exogenous indole-3...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil poses a huge threat to plants even at low concentrations;Broussonetia papyrifera has great potential in remediation of soil heavy metal contamination.However,whether exogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)application and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)have synergistic effects on Cd tolerance of B.papyrifera remains unclear.To investigate the effects of AMF inoculation and IAA application on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress,two experiments were conducted:the first to investigate the effect of AMF(Rhizophagus irregularis)inoculation on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress and the second to investigate the combined effects of AMF inoculation and IAA application on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress.Parameters including endogenous hormone concentration,antioxidant defense response,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and gene expression related to antioxidant enzyme system and hormone were measured.The results indicated that AMF alleviated Cd toxicity of B.papyrifera by reducing MDA content and improving antioxidant enzyme activities and Cd absorption capacity.Furthermore,the combination of AMF inoculation and IAA application had a synergetic effect on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress through upregulating BpAUX1 and BpAUX2,which might contribute to root growth and root xylem synthesis,and by upregulating BpSOD2 and BpPOD34 to enhance the antioxidant enzyme system.This work provides a new insight into the application of IAA in the remediation of soil Cd pollution by mycorrhizal plants.展开更多
BACKGROUND The widespread coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has led to high morbidity and mortality.Therefore,early risk identification of critically ill patients remains crucial.AIM To develop predictive rules at the...BACKGROUND The widespread coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has led to high morbidity and mortality.Therefore,early risk identification of critically ill patients remains crucial.AIM To develop predictive rules at the time of admission to identify COVID-19 patients who might require intensive care unit(ICU)care.METHODS This retrospective study included a total of 361 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between January 19,2020,and March 14,2020 in Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital.Multivariate logistic regression was applied to develop the predictive model.The performance of the predictive model was externally validated and evaluated based on a dataset involving 126 patients from the Wuhan Asia General Hospital between December 2019 and March 2020,by area under the receiver operating curve(AUROC),goodness-of-fit and the performance matrix including the sensitivity,specificity,and precision.A nomogram was also used to visualize the model.RESULTS Among the patients in the derivation and validation datasets,38 and 9 participants(10.5%and 2.54%,respectively)developed severe COVID-19,respectively.In univariate analysis,21 parameters such as age,sex(male),smoker,body mass index(BMI),time from onset to admission(>5 d),asthenia,dry cough,expectoration,shortness of breath,asthenia,and Rox index<18(pulse oxygen saturation,SpO2)/(FiO2×respiratory rate,RR)showed positive correlations with severe COVID-19.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,only six parameters including BMI[odds ratio(OR)3.939;95%confidence interval(CI):1.409-11.015;P=0.009],time from onset to admission(≥5 d)(OR 7.107;95%CI:1.449-34.849;P=0.016),fever(OR 6.794;95%CI:1.401-32.951;P=0.017),Charlson index(OR 2.917;95%CI:1.279-6.654;P=0.011),PaO2/FiO2 ratio(OR 17.570;95%CI:1.117-276.383;P=0.041),and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(OR 3.574;95%CI:1.048-12.191;P=0.042)were found to be independent predictors of COVID-19.These factors were found to be significant risk factors for severe patients confirmed with COVID-19.The AUROC was 0.941(95%CI:0.901-0.981)and 0.936(95%CI:0.886-0.987)in both datasets.The calibration properties were good.CONCLUSION The proposed predictive model had great potential in severity prediction of COVID-19 in the ICU.It assisted the ICU clinicians in making timely decisions for the target population.展开更多
This essay designed a kind of new seven-core fiber with lower crosstalk and loss, and made space division multiplexing transmission experiment based on this seven-core fiber. It is known that crosstalk has the most se...This essay designed a kind of new seven-core fiber with lower crosstalk and loss, and made space division multiplexing transmission experiment based on this seven-core fiber. It is known that crosstalk has the most serious influence in multicore fiber transmission process. Before the experiment, the affecting factors of fiber crosstalk were analyzed through simulation, such as core space, bending radius, and fiber length. Combined with the simulation analysis, the design scheme of multicore fiber with low crosstalk was obtained. Before the fiber design, various factors of influence crosstalk such as the core- to-core distance, bending radius, fiber length and so on. Based on the simulation analysis, conclusion has made on the design scheme of multi-core optimal fiber with low crosstalk. The space division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technology, was adopted to conduct seven-core optical fiber transmission of 58.7kin.The crosstalk of adjacent core was suppressed to as low as 45dB / km, the attenuation of inner core was 0.24dB/ km, the outer cores＇ 0.32dB/km. Different bit error rate （BER） performances were also studied under different conditions, through reasonably designing the system to reduce the error rate, improve the performance of the system, and realize long distance and large capacity transmission with fiber.展开更多
Multicore fiber(MCF)which contains more than one core in a single fiber cladding has attracted ever increasing attention for application in optical sensing systems owing to its unique capability of independent light t...Multicore fiber(MCF)which contains more than one core in a single fiber cladding has attracted ever increasing attention for application in optical sensing systems owing to its unique capability of independent light transmission in multiple spatial channels.Different from the situation in standard single mode fiber(SMF),the fiber bending gives rise to tangential strain in off-center cores,and this unique feature has been employed for directional bending and shape sensing,where strain measurement is achieved by using either fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs),optical frequency-domain reflectometry(OFDR)or Brillouin distributed sensing technique.On the other hand,the parallel spatial cores enable space-division multiplexed(SDM)system configuration that allows for the multiplexing of multiple distributed sensing techniques.As a result,multi-parameter sensing or performance enhanced sensing can be achieved by using MCF.In this paper,we review the research progress in MCF based distributed fiber sensors.Brief introductions of MCF and the multiplexing/de-multiplexing methods are presented.The bending sensitivity of off-center cores is analyzed.Curvature and shape sensing,as well as various SDM distributed sensing using MCF are summarized,and the working principles of diverse MCF sensors are discussed.Finally,we present the challenges and prospects of MCF for distributed sensing applications.展开更多
Recognizing the risk of fluvial bank erosion is an important challenge to ensure the early warning and prevention or control of bank collapse in river catchments,including in the Yangtze River.This study introduces a ...Recognizing the risk of fluvial bank erosion is an important challenge to ensure the early warning and prevention or control of bank collapse in river catchments,including in the Yangtze River.This study introduces a geomorphons-based algorithm to extract river bank erosion information by adjusting the flatness from multibeam echo-sounding data.The algorithm maps ten subaqueous morphological elements,including the slope,footslope,flat,ridge,peak,valley,pit,spur,hollow,and shoulder.Twentyone flatness values were used to build an interpretation strategy for the subaqueous features of riverbank erosion.The results show that the bank scarp,which is the erosion carrier,is covered by slope cells when the flatness is 10°.The scour pits and bank scars are indicated by pit cells near the bank and hollow cells in the bank slope at a flatness of 0°.Fluvial subaqueous dunes are considered an important factor accelerating bank erosion,particularly those near the bank toe;the critical flatness of the dunes was evaluated as 3°.The distribution of subaqueous morphological elements was analyzed and used to map the bank erosion inventory.The analysis results revealed that the near-bank zone,with a relatively large water depth,is prone to form large scour pits and a long bank scarp.Arc collapse tends to occur at the long bank scarp to shorten its length.The varied assignment of flatness values among terrestrial,marine,and fluvial environments is discussed,concluding that diversified flatness values significantly enable fluvial subaqueous morphology recognition.Consequently,this study provides a reference for the flatness-based recognition of fluvial morphological elements and enhances the targeting of subaqueous signs and risks of bank failure with a range of multibeam bathymetric data.展开更多
The detection of the state of polarization(SOP)of light is essential for many optical applications.However,cost-effective SOP measurement is a challenge due to the complexity of conventional methods and the poor trans...The detection of the state of polarization(SOP)of light is essential for many optical applications.However,cost-effective SOP measurement is a challenge due to the complexity of conventional methods and the poor transferability of new methods.We propose a straightforward,low-cost,and portable SOP measurement system based on the multimode fiber speckle.A convolutional neural network is utilized to establish the mapping relationship between speckle and Stokes parameters.The lowest root-mean-square error of the estimated SOP on the Poincarésphere can be 0.0042.This method is distinguished by its low cost,clear structure,and applicability to different wavelengths with high precision.The proposed method is of great value in polarization-related applications.展开更多
We propose and validate a novel optical semantic transmission scheme using multimode fiber(MMF).By leveraging the frequency sensitivity of intermodal dispersion in MMFs,we achieve high-dimensional semantic encoding an...We propose and validate a novel optical semantic transmission scheme using multimode fiber(MMF).By leveraging the frequency sensitivity of intermodal dispersion in MMFs,we achieve high-dimensional semantic encoding and decoding in the frequency domain.Our system maps symbols to 128 distinct frequencies spaced at 600 kHz intervals,demonstrating a seven-fold increase in capacity compared to conventional communication encoding.We further enhance spectral efficiency by implementing 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM-4),achieving 9.12 bits/s/Hz without decoding errors.Additionally,we explore the application of this system for sentiment analysis using the IMDb movie review dataset.By encoding semantically similar symbols to adjacent frequencies,the system's noise tolerance is effectively improved,facilitating accurate sentiment analysis.This work highlights the potential of MMF-based semantic communication to enhance both capacity and robustness in optical communication systems,offering promising applications in bandwidth-constrained and noisy environments.展开更多
Semi-supervised learning is a significant approach to learn robust human pose estimation models that perform well on wild images.Existing semi-supervised methods of human pose estimation mainly focus on instance-agnos...Semi-supervised learning is a significant approach to learn robust human pose estimation models that perform well on wild images.Existing semi-supervised methods of human pose estimation mainly focus on instance-agnostic keypoint detection.In multi-person scenes,the arbitrary number of instances that have made pose estimation much more challenging,and current semi-supervised methods cannot fully mine the information in unlabeled data.To leverage the instance information in unlabeled data,we propose an end-to-end semi-supervised training strategy.Different from previous semi-supervised methods in two stages,our method focuses on detector-free frameworks including bottom-up and single-stage ones.It not only performs consistency regularization on heatmaps,but also employs a pseudo-labeling approach to generate instance-specific pseudo annotations.On the COCO and CrowdPose benchmark,the proposed approach outperforms previous instance-agnostic methods under various labeling ratios.Our method is applicable to both bottom-up and single-stage frameworks,showing its general applicability.展开更多
Subduction zones are important for oxygen cycling between deep and surficial Earth reservoirs.Highly oxidizing materials from Earth’s surface may be transported to the mantle along with the subducting slabs and alter...Subduction zones are important for oxygen cycling between deep and surficial Earth reservoirs.Highly oxidizing materials from Earth’s surface may be transported to the mantle along with the subducting slabs and alter the redox states of the mantle wedge and the 410–660 km transition zone.The circulation of oxygen or oxidizing fluids in subduction zones and how subducted materials influence the deep mantle are poorly constrained.Here we report growth of Fe-Mn garnet from highly oxidized pelagic ferromanganese chert within a high-pressure metamorphic complex in the Qilian Orogen,North West(NW)China.Two types of ferric-iron-rich garnets were identified.Type I is spessartine garnet that has clear compositional zonation of Al2O3-FeOt-MnO oscillatory growth.The Fe^(3+)/∑Fe ratio in the core is as high as 1.0,but decreases to 0.1 in the outer rim,along with an increase of Fe2+content and a significant decrease in Mn content.Type II is andradite-calderite garnet that contains extremely high Fe^(3+).Our results have two implications:(1)continuous reduction of Mn^(4+)(to Mn^(2+))and Fe^(3+)(to Fe2+)from the ferromanganese chert as garnet growth must be accompanied by releasing large quantity of oxygen or highly oxidized fluids during prograde high-pressure metamorphism in subduction zones,and(2)Fe^(3+)-rich garnets together with hematite in the subducting slab can remain stable over a large pressure range,and provide an alternative interpretation for the high content of Fe^(3+)in the deep mantle.Our results are significant for understanding the oxygen recycling in oceanic cold subduction zones,and the initiation of the Great Oxygen Event(GOE)as well.展开更多
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things(IoT)devices necessitates lightweight cryptographic algorithms and their secure physical implementations.Masking,as a provably secure countermeasure against Side-Channel At...The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things(IoT)devices necessitates lightweight cryptographic algorithms and their secure physical implementations.Masking,as a provably secure countermeasure against Side-Channel Attacks(SCA),has been extensively studied in the context of lightweight cryptography algorithms.Currently,some cryptographers have proposed a low-cost Threshold Implementation(TI)of the uBlock algorithm.However,their approach suffers from significant area overhead due to the inefficient serial and pipelined implementation of uBlock’s Pshufb-Xor(PX)network structure.To address this issue,we develop a new serial and pipelined implementation method that optimizes the area of the uBlock algorithm.Based on this optimization,we implement a 2-share TI scheme for uBlock that requires minimal area resources and does not need fresh randomness.Compared to the state-of-the-art appoach,our method reduces slice area by 63.4%on Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGA)platform and Gate Equivalent(GE)area by 17.2%on Application-Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC)platform for the unprotected implementation.For the protected implementation,our method reduces slice area by 41.5%and GE area by 14.0%.Finally,our protection scheme is validated using the automated tool PROLEAD and evaluated with Test Vector Leakage Assessment(TVLA),achieving first-order glitch-extended probing security.展开更多
For emerging respiratory infectious diseases like COVID-19,non-pharmaceutical interventions such as isolation are crucial for controlling the spread.From the perspective of network transmission,non-pharmaceutical inte...For emerging respiratory infectious diseases like COVID-19,non-pharmaceutical interventions such as isolation are crucial for controlling the spread.From the perspective of network transmission,non-pharmaceutical interventions like isolation alter the degree distribution and other topological structures of the network,thereby controlling the spread of the infectious disease.In this paper,we establish a SEIR mean-field propagation dynamics model for the synchronous evolution of dynamic networks caused by propagation and tracing isolation.We employ the reducing-dimension method to convert the mean-field model in networks into an equivalent and simpler low-dimension model,and then calculate the exact expression of the final size.In addition,we get the differential equations of the degree distribution over time in dynamic networks under tracing isolation and the relationships between the first and second moment of the dynamic network.While the degree of a node remains constant regardless of its state in many previous studies,this paper takes into account that the degree of each node changes over time whatever its state under the disease spread and intervention measures.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82360120Ten Thousand Doctor Plan in Yunnan Province,No.YNWRMY-2018-020Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology,No.202205AG070053-07.
文摘BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)is a primary antibody immunodeficiency disorder characterized by diminished IgG levels.Despite ongoing research,the precise pathogenesis of CVID remains unclear.Genetic factors account for only 10%-20%of cases,with an estimated incidence of 1 in 10000 to 1 in 100000,affecting individuals across all age groups.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 32-year-old man with CVID who presented with a chief complaint of“recurrent diarrhea and significant weight loss over the past 2 years”.Laboratory tests on admission showed fat droplets in stool,while other parameters were within normal ranges.Gastroscopy revealed a smooth gastric mucosa without bile retention or signs of Helicobacter pylori infection;however,the mucosa of the descending segment of the duodenum appeared rough.Further evaluation of the small intestine using computed tomography indicated no abnormalities.Finally,the whole-small bowel double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE)was performed,which revealed various phenotypic changes in the small intestinal mucosa.The patient was diagnosed with CVID,which improved after immunoglobulin therapy,with favorable follow-up outcomes.CONCLUSION Non-infectious enteropathy in CVID is rare.Therefore,DBE is essential for diagnosing small intestinal involvement in such cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62401220,62205111,and 62225110)the Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023BAA001-1)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2025BAB007).
文摘The rapid development of low earth orbit(LEO)satellite communication networks imposes stringent bandwidth,cost,and power consumption requirements.Conventional intradyne detection(ID)architectures struggle with high Doppler frequency shifts(DFSs),necessitating excessive sampling rates and complex digital signal processing(DSP),resulting in elevated power consumption.This study proposes an inter-satellite polarization division multiplexing self-homodyne detection(PDM-SHD)architecture that compensates for DFSs in the optical domain by co-transmitting a polarization-orthogonal carrier light.The proposed architecture could achieve Nyquist sampling and half-quantization noise,leading to a 53.9%reduction in analog-to-digital converter power consumption under 40 Gbps 16-QAM transmission with a 16 dB signal-to-noise ratio.By demodulating I∕Q axis signals independently with real-valued single-input single-output(SISO)processing,it requires only about 15%DSP complexity and achieves intensity-modulation and direct-detection comparable.SISO processing also has the potential to transmit I and Q components from separate devices or satellites,enabling a flexible satellite communication network.The results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves detection sensitivities of−40.8 dBm for 80 Gbps quadrature phase-shift keying transmission and−33.0 dBm for 160 Gbps 16-QAM transmission with Nyquist sampling,whereas the ID architecture can hardly work.The proposed architecture effectively balances satellite power constraints with DSP computational demands for high-speed mega-constellation communications.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(Research on Power Meteorology Digitalization Application for Future Climate Scenarios and New Energy Operation Risks,J2023076).
文摘The prediction of power grid faults based on meteorological factors is of great significance to reduce economic losses caused by power grid faults. However, the existing methods fail to effectively extract key features and accurately predict fault types due to the complexity of meteorological factors and their nonlinear relationships. In response to these challenges, we propose the Feature-Enhanced XGBoost power grid fault prediction method (FE-XGBoost). Specifically, we first combine the gradient boosting decision tree and recursive feature elimination method to extract essential features from meteorological data. Then, we incorporate a piecewise linear chaotic map to enhance the optimization accuracy of the sparrow search algorithm. Finally, we construct an XGBoost-based model for the classification prediction of power grid meteorological faults and optimize the hyperparameters such as the optimal tree depth, optimal learning rate, and optimal number of iterations using an enhanced sparrow search algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline models in predicting power grid faults accurately.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10472101)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20070335184)
文摘Given the definition of the reference Knudsen number for micro gas journal bearings,the range in the number is related to the viscosity of air at different temperatures. A modified Reynolds equation for micro gas journal bearings based on Burgdorfer's first-order slip boundary condition is proposed that takes into account the gas rarefaction effect. The finite difference method (FDM) is adopted to solve the modified Reynolds equation to obtain the pressure profiles,load capacities and attitude angles for micro gas journal bearings at different reference Knudsen numbers,bearing numbers and journal eccentricity ratios. Numerical analysis shows that pressure profiles and non-dimensional load capacities decrease markedly as gas rarefaction in-creases. Attitude angles change conversely,and when the eccentricity ratio is less than 0.6,the attitude angles rise slightly and the influence of the reference Knudsen number is not marked. In addition,the effect of gas rarefaction on the non-dimensional load capacity and attitude angle decreases with smaller bearing numbers.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB619403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51171009)the Tan Chin-Tuan exchange fellowship funding in Nanyang Technological University
文摘Niobium ion implantation is found to significantly decrease the friction coefficient and improve wear resistance of NiTi shape memory alloy. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） observations indicate that surface grooves formed on NiTi during the mechanical polishing are removed after Nb ion implantation. Dry friction tests show that Nb implanted NiTi samples exhibit a lower friction coefficient, narrower wear tracks, fewer wear debris generated, 46 %-62 % reduction in wear width, and29 %-49 % reduction in wear depth compared with the untreated NiTi. Wear resistance is related to the incident parameters, and the Nb implanted NiTi with the incident dose of 2.5 9 1017ionsácm-2, and incident current of2 mA behaves the best wear performance. The lubricating of Nb2O5, good oxidation resistance of Nb in NiTi, and increased micro-hardness of NiTi are responsible for the enhanced wear resistance.
基金Supported by the Comprehensive survey of the geological environment along the Changjiang River(No.DD20190260)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QD083)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M642693)。
文摘Poyang Lake in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River catchment has undergone frequent spring drought since 2003,and some researchers attributed this phenomenon to sand mining and the lakebed deformation in the outlet channel linking the lake with Changjiang River main channel.However,there is still a lack of high-resolution subaqueous geomorphological evidence of how sand mining led to lakebed deformation in the outlet channel.We examined the bed morphology and sub-bottom sedimentary structure of the outlet channel,using a multibeam echo sounder and sub-bottom profi ler in Poyang Lake.We found that:(1)the subaqueous micro-topography types of the outlet channel are characterized by sand mining disturbance,natural erosional topography,and fl at bed and dunes,accounting for 44.9%,21.4%,28.6%,and 5.1%of the channel area,respectively;and(2)sand mining activity aff ects the local bed topography extensively and signifi cantly.The depth of sandpits caused by sand mining varied from 1.4 m to 12 m deeper than the surrounding bed surface,with 4.41 m of depth increase on average.Hence,the large-scale high-intensity sand mining activities and their signifi cant geomorphic eff ects demand for an improved assessment for future management and longer-term sustainability.Because of the large-scale and ongoing high-intensity sand mining activities in the Poyang Lake outlet channel,these eff ects should raise caution in the future and contribute to monitoring eff orts that are essential to implement sustainable management solutions.The present study and techniques implemented can serve as a scientifi c reference for dam construction and sand mining within the Poyang Lake basin.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2014AA051901）, the International S＆T Cooperation Program of China （2014DFG62670）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51207077, 51261130472, and 51577096）. Thanks for the contributions of Dr. Yibao Jiang and Dr. Xiaoshuang Chert on this paper.
文摘Under intense environmental pressure, the global energy sector is promoting the integration of renewable energy into interconnected energy systems. The demand-side management （DSM） of energy systems has drawn considerable industrial and academic attention in attempts to form new flexibilities to respond to variations in renewable energy inputs to the system. However, many DSM concepts are still in the experimental demonstration phase. One of the obstacles to DSM usage is that the current information infrastructure was mainly designed for centralized systems, and does not meet DSM requirements. To overcome this barrier, this paper proposes a novel information infrastructure named the lnternet of Energy Things （IoET） in order to make DSM practicable by basing it on the latest wireless communication technology： the low-power wide-area network （LPWAN）. The primary advantage of LPWAN over general packet radio service （GPRS） and area Internet of Things （loT） is its wide-area coverage, which comes with minimum power consumption and maintenance costs. Against this background, this paper briefly reviews the representative LPWAN tech- nologies of narrow-band Internet of Things （NB-IoT） and Long Range （LORa） technology, and compares them with GPRS and area IoT technology. Next, a wireless-to-cloud architecture is proposed for the IoET, based on the main technical features of LPWAN. Finally, this paper looks forward to the potential of IoET in various DSM application scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32001289 and 32071639)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project,China(No.NZ2021025)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil poses a huge threat to plants even at low concentrations;Broussonetia papyrifera has great potential in remediation of soil heavy metal contamination.However,whether exogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)application and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)have synergistic effects on Cd tolerance of B.papyrifera remains unclear.To investigate the effects of AMF inoculation and IAA application on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress,two experiments were conducted:the first to investigate the effect of AMF(Rhizophagus irregularis)inoculation on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress and the second to investigate the combined effects of AMF inoculation and IAA application on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress.Parameters including endogenous hormone concentration,antioxidant defense response,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and gene expression related to antioxidant enzyme system and hormone were measured.The results indicated that AMF alleviated Cd toxicity of B.papyrifera by reducing MDA content and improving antioxidant enzyme activities and Cd absorption capacity.Furthermore,the combination of AMF inoculation and IAA application had a synergetic effect on the tolerance of B.papyrifera to Cd stress through upregulating BpAUX1 and BpAUX2,which might contribute to root growth and root xylem synthesis,and by upregulating BpSOD2 and BpPOD34 to enhance the antioxidant enzyme system.This work provides a new insight into the application of IAA in the remediation of soil Cd pollution by mycorrhizal plants.
文摘BACKGROUND The widespread coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has led to high morbidity and mortality.Therefore,early risk identification of critically ill patients remains crucial.AIM To develop predictive rules at the time of admission to identify COVID-19 patients who might require intensive care unit(ICU)care.METHODS This retrospective study included a total of 361 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between January 19,2020,and March 14,2020 in Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital.Multivariate logistic regression was applied to develop the predictive model.The performance of the predictive model was externally validated and evaluated based on a dataset involving 126 patients from the Wuhan Asia General Hospital between December 2019 and March 2020,by area under the receiver operating curve(AUROC),goodness-of-fit and the performance matrix including the sensitivity,specificity,and precision.A nomogram was also used to visualize the model.RESULTS Among the patients in the derivation and validation datasets,38 and 9 participants(10.5%and 2.54%,respectively)developed severe COVID-19,respectively.In univariate analysis,21 parameters such as age,sex(male),smoker,body mass index(BMI),time from onset to admission(>5 d),asthenia,dry cough,expectoration,shortness of breath,asthenia,and Rox index<18(pulse oxygen saturation,SpO2)/(FiO2×respiratory rate,RR)showed positive correlations with severe COVID-19.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,only six parameters including BMI[odds ratio(OR)3.939;95%confidence interval(CI):1.409-11.015;P=0.009],time from onset to admission(≥5 d)(OR 7.107;95%CI:1.449-34.849;P=0.016),fever(OR 6.794;95%CI:1.401-32.951;P=0.017),Charlson index(OR 2.917;95%CI:1.279-6.654;P=0.011),PaO2/FiO2 ratio(OR 17.570;95%CI:1.117-276.383;P=0.041),and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(OR 3.574;95%CI:1.048-12.191;P=0.042)were found to be independent predictors of COVID-19.These factors were found to be significant risk factors for severe patients confirmed with COVID-19.The AUROC was 0.941(95%CI:0.901-0.981)and 0.936(95%CI:0.886-0.987)in both datasets.The calibration properties were good.CONCLUSION The proposed predictive model had great potential in severity prediction of COVID-19 in the ICU.It assisted the ICU clinicians in making timely decisions for the target population.
基金National High Technology 863 Program of China(No.2013AA013301,2013AA013403,2015AA015501,2015AA015502,2015AA015504,2015AA016901)National NSFC(No.61425022/61522501/61307086/61475024/61275158/61201151/61275074/61205066)+4 种基金Beijing Nova Program(No.Z141101001814048)Beijing Excellent Ph.D.Thesis Guidance Foundation(No.20121001302)the Universities Ph.D.Special Research Funds(No.20120005110003/20120005120007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities with No.2014RC0203Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)
文摘This essay designed a kind of new seven-core fiber with lower crosstalk and loss, and made space division multiplexing transmission experiment based on this seven-core fiber. It is known that crosstalk has the most serious influence in multicore fiber transmission process. Before the experiment, the affecting factors of fiber crosstalk were analyzed through simulation, such as core space, bending radius, and fiber length. Combined with the simulation analysis, the design scheme of multicore fiber with low crosstalk was obtained. Before the fiber design, various factors of influence crosstalk such as the core- to-core distance, bending radius, fiber length and so on. Based on the simulation analysis, conclusion has made on the design scheme of multi-core optimal fiber with low crosstalk. The space division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technology, was adopted to conduct seven-core optical fiber transmission of 58.7kin.The crosstalk of adjacent core was suppressed to as low as 45dB / km, the attenuation of inner core was 0.24dB/ km, the outer cores＇ 0.32dB/km. Different bit error rate （BER） performances were also studied under different conditions, through reasonably designing the system to reduce the error rate, improve the performance of the system, and realize long distance and large capacity transmission with fiber.
文摘Multicore fiber(MCF)which contains more than one core in a single fiber cladding has attracted ever increasing attention for application in optical sensing systems owing to its unique capability of independent light transmission in multiple spatial channels.Different from the situation in standard single mode fiber(SMF),the fiber bending gives rise to tangential strain in off-center cores,and this unique feature has been employed for directional bending and shape sensing,where strain measurement is achieved by using either fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs),optical frequency-domain reflectometry(OFDR)or Brillouin distributed sensing technique.On the other hand,the parallel spatial cores enable space-division multiplexed(SDM)system configuration that allows for the multiplexing of multiple distributed sensing techniques.As a result,multi-parameter sensing or performance enhanced sensing can be achieved by using MCF.In this paper,we review the research progress in MCF based distributed fiber sensors.Brief introductions of MCF and the multiplexing/de-multiplexing methods are presented.The bending sensitivity of off-center cores is analyzed.Curvature and shape sensing,as well as various SDM distributed sensing using MCF are summarized,and the working principles of diverse MCF sensors are discussed.Finally,we present the challenges and prospects of MCF for distributed sensing applications.
基金This study was funded by the joint project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research(NWO)-Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)(51761135023)the China Geological Survey(DD20190260)NSFC(41476075).
文摘Recognizing the risk of fluvial bank erosion is an important challenge to ensure the early warning and prevention or control of bank collapse in river catchments,including in the Yangtze River.This study introduces a geomorphons-based algorithm to extract river bank erosion information by adjusting the flatness from multibeam echo-sounding data.The algorithm maps ten subaqueous morphological elements,including the slope,footslope,flat,ridge,peak,valley,pit,spur,hollow,and shoulder.Twentyone flatness values were used to build an interpretation strategy for the subaqueous features of riverbank erosion.The results show that the bank scarp,which is the erosion carrier,is covered by slope cells when the flatness is 10°.The scour pits and bank scars are indicated by pit cells near the bank and hollow cells in the bank slope at a flatness of 0°.Fluvial subaqueous dunes are considered an important factor accelerating bank erosion,particularly those near the bank toe;the critical flatness of the dunes was evaluated as 3°.The distribution of subaqueous morphological elements was analyzed and used to map the bank erosion inventory.The analysis results revealed that the near-bank zone,with a relatively large water depth,is prone to form large scour pits and a long bank scarp.Arc collapse tends to occur at the long bank scarp to shorten its length.The varied assignment of flatness values among terrestrial,marine,and fluvial environments is discussed,concluding that diversified flatness values significantly enable fluvial subaqueous morphology recognition.Consequently,this study provides a reference for the flatness-based recognition of fluvial morphological elements and enhances the targeting of subaqueous signs and risks of bank failure with a range of multibeam bathymetric data.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2800902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62225110)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BAA001)the Innovation Fund of WNLO.
文摘The detection of the state of polarization(SOP)of light is essential for many optical applications.However,cost-effective SOP measurement is a challenge due to the complexity of conventional methods and the poor transferability of new methods.We propose a straightforward,low-cost,and portable SOP measurement system based on the multimode fiber speckle.A convolutional neural network is utilized to establish the mapping relationship between speckle and Stokes parameters.The lowest root-mean-square error of the estimated SOP on the Poincarésphere can be 0.0042.This method is distinguished by its low cost,clear structure,and applicability to different wavelengths with high precision.The proposed method is of great value in polarization-related applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2906300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61931010,62225110)JD project of Hubei province(2023BAA013).
文摘We propose and validate a novel optical semantic transmission scheme using multimode fiber(MMF).By leveraging the frequency sensitivity of intermodal dispersion in MMFs,we achieve high-dimensional semantic encoding and decoding in the frequency domain.Our system maps symbols to 128 distinct frequencies spaced at 600 kHz intervals,demonstrating a seven-fold increase in capacity compared to conventional communication encoding.We further enhance spectral efficiency by implementing 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM-4),achieving 9.12 bits/s/Hz without decoding errors.Additionally,we explore the application of this system for sentiment analysis using the IMDb movie review dataset.By encoding semantically similar symbols to adjacent frequencies,the system's noise tolerance is effectively improved,facilitating accurate sentiment analysis.This work highlights the potential of MMF-based semantic communication to enhance both capacity and robustness in optical communication systems,offering promising applications in bandwidth-constrained and noisy environments.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.XDA27030600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62206283).
文摘Semi-supervised learning is a significant approach to learn robust human pose estimation models that perform well on wild images.Existing semi-supervised methods of human pose estimation mainly focus on instance-agnostic keypoint detection.In multi-person scenes,the arbitrary number of instances that have made pose estimation much more challenging,and current semi-supervised methods cannot fully mine the information in unlabeled data.To leverage the instance information in unlabeled data,we propose an end-to-end semi-supervised training strategy.Different from previous semi-supervised methods in two stages,our method focuses on detector-free frameworks including bottom-up and single-stage ones.It not only performs consistency regularization on heatmaps,but also employs a pseudo-labeling approach to generate instance-specific pseudo annotations.On the COCO and CrowdPose benchmark,the proposed approach outperforms previous instance-agnostic methods under various labeling ratios.Our method is applicable to both bottom-up and single-stage frameworks,showing its general applicability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0803803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91955202).
文摘Subduction zones are important for oxygen cycling between deep and surficial Earth reservoirs.Highly oxidizing materials from Earth’s surface may be transported to the mantle along with the subducting slabs and alter the redox states of the mantle wedge and the 410–660 km transition zone.The circulation of oxygen or oxidizing fluids in subduction zones and how subducted materials influence the deep mantle are poorly constrained.Here we report growth of Fe-Mn garnet from highly oxidized pelagic ferromanganese chert within a high-pressure metamorphic complex in the Qilian Orogen,North West(NW)China.Two types of ferric-iron-rich garnets were identified.Type I is spessartine garnet that has clear compositional zonation of Al2O3-FeOt-MnO oscillatory growth.The Fe^(3+)/∑Fe ratio in the core is as high as 1.0,but decreases to 0.1 in the outer rim,along with an increase of Fe2+content and a significant decrease in Mn content.Type II is andradite-calderite garnet that contains extremely high Fe^(3+).Our results have two implications:(1)continuous reduction of Mn^(4+)(to Mn^(2+))and Fe^(3+)(to Fe2+)from the ferromanganese chert as garnet growth must be accompanied by releasing large quantity of oxygen or highly oxidized fluids during prograde high-pressure metamorphism in subduction zones,and(2)Fe^(3+)-rich garnets together with hematite in the subducting slab can remain stable over a large pressure range,and provide an alternative interpretation for the high content of Fe^(3+)in the deep mantle.Our results are significant for understanding the oxygen recycling in oceanic cold subduction zones,and the initiation of the Great Oxygen Event(GOE)as well.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB310380).
文摘The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things(IoT)devices necessitates lightweight cryptographic algorithms and their secure physical implementations.Masking,as a provably secure countermeasure against Side-Channel Attacks(SCA),has been extensively studied in the context of lightweight cryptography algorithms.Currently,some cryptographers have proposed a low-cost Threshold Implementation(TI)of the uBlock algorithm.However,their approach suffers from significant area overhead due to the inefficient serial and pipelined implementation of uBlock’s Pshufb-Xor(PX)network structure.To address this issue,we develop a new serial and pipelined implementation method that optimizes the area of the uBlock algorithm.Based on this optimization,we implement a 2-share TI scheme for uBlock that requires minimal area resources and does not need fresh randomness.Compared to the state-of-the-art appoach,our method reduces slice area by 63.4%on Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGA)platform and Gate Equivalent(GE)area by 17.2%on Application-Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC)platform for the unprotected implementation.For the protected implementation,our method reduces slice area by 41.5%and GE area by 14.0%.Finally,our protection scheme is validated using the automated tool PROLEAD and evaluated with Test Vector Leakage Assessment(TVLA),achieving first-order glitch-extended probing security.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12231012,No.U23A20331)Key Research and Development Project in Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.202003D31011/GZ).
文摘For emerging respiratory infectious diseases like COVID-19,non-pharmaceutical interventions such as isolation are crucial for controlling the spread.From the perspective of network transmission,non-pharmaceutical interventions like isolation alter the degree distribution and other topological structures of the network,thereby controlling the spread of the infectious disease.In this paper,we establish a SEIR mean-field propagation dynamics model for the synchronous evolution of dynamic networks caused by propagation and tracing isolation.We employ the reducing-dimension method to convert the mean-field model in networks into an equivalent and simpler low-dimension model,and then calculate the exact expression of the final size.In addition,we get the differential equations of the degree distribution over time in dynamic networks under tracing isolation and the relationships between the first and second moment of the dynamic network.While the degree of a node remains constant regardless of its state in many previous studies,this paper takes into account that the degree of each node changes over time whatever its state under the disease spread and intervention measures.
