Plasmonic gold nanoflowers(AuNFs)exhibit considerable potential in wound repair therapy due to their excellent photothermal conversion capability,high surface area,and multi-enzyme activities.However,the intrinsic pro...Plasmonic gold nanoflowers(AuNFs)exhibit considerable potential in wound repair therapy due to their excellent photothermal conversion capability,high surface area,and multi-enzyme activities.However,the intrinsic pro-oxidative properties of AuNFs limit their therapeutic efficacy in diabetic wound treatment.To overcome this limitation,a near-infrared plasmonic Au@CDCe nanohybrid system that can enhance antioxidative performance through the synergistic effects of localized surface plasmon resonance-induced photothermal effect and hot electrons is developed.Specifically,AuNFs serve as near-infrared plasmonic exciters,generating hot electrons that are efficiently transferred to cerium-doped carbon dots(CDCe).Combined with mild photothermal effects,these processes synergistically enhance hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,as well as superoxide dismutase-and catalase-mimicking activities.In vitro experiments demonstrate that Au@CDCe effectively protects cells from oxidative damage,and promotes cell proliferation and migration.In vivo evaluations confirm its ability to modulate the immune microenvironment and accelerate diabetic wound healing.This work establishes a new paradigm for modulating the oxidative stress microenvironment through antioxidant gold-based plasmonic nanozymes and provides novel insights into tuning of prooxidant nanozyme into plasmon-enhanced antioxidant nanozyme.展开更多
Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) have drawn great attention in recent years due to their potential application in civil and military fields. Because of its ultrawide bandgap, low cost, strong radiation hardness, an...Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) have drawn great attention in recent years due to their potential application in civil and military fields. Because of its ultrawide bandgap, low cost, strong radiation hardness, and high thermal and chemical stability with high visible-light transparency, Ga_2O_3 is regarded as the most promising candidate for UV detection.Furthermore, the bandgap of Ga_2O_3 is as high as 4.7–4.9 eV, directly corresponding to the solar-blind UV detection band with wavelength less than 280 nm. There is no need of doping in Ga_2O_3 to tune its bandgap, compared to AlGaN, MgZnO,etc, thereby avoiding alloy composition fluctuations and phase separation. At present, solar-blind Ga_2O_3 photodetectors based on single crystal or amorphous Ga_2O_3 are mainly focused on metal–semiconductor–metal and Schottky photodiodes.In this work, the recent achievements of Ga_2O_3 photodetectors are systematically reviewed. The characteristics and performances of different photodetector structures based on single crystal Ga_2O_3 and amorphous Ga_2O_3 thin film are analyzed and compared. Finally, the prospects of Ga_2O_3 UV photodetectors are forecast.展开更多
A series of experimental results of field-reversed configurations(FRCs) on a KMAX(Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity) tandem mirror machine are reported.Single-side FRC translation processes with three different gas spe...A series of experimental results of field-reversed configurations(FRCs) on a KMAX(Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity) tandem mirror machine are reported.Single-side FRC translation processes with three different gas species were measured by avalanche photodiodes.Consistent with the theoretical prediction, the measured FRC speeds were inversely proportional to the square root of the ion mass.However, the speeds of the hydrogen FRC increased even in a uniform magnetic field region while the speeds of the helium and argon FRCs decreased.Possible mechanisms are discussed.The speed of the second pass due to the reflection of the mirror fields was found to be ~1/3 of the first pass speed.The internal magnetic fields were measured for a colliding-merging argon FRC, and the results show that, even for very slowmoving FRCs, merging can occur.展开更多
Large accelerator facilities require clocks and triggers with high accuracy to synchronize equipment and devices. A new femtosecond timing system was designed to meet the demands of new facilities. In this system, the...Large accelerator facilities require clocks and triggers with high accuracy to synchronize equipment and devices. A new femtosecond timing system was designed to meet the demands of new facilities. In this system, the radio-frequency signal is modulated in a continuous-wave laser carrier with frequency stabilization, and timing events are distributed in the same fiber. The phase drift is detected precisely, based on the principle of the Michelson interferometer. The phase drift is compensated with coarse and fine correctors afterward. We aim to realize the stable transmission of the RF signal and timing events for a long distance and duration, with the phase drift and additive jitter in femtoseconds. After the extension, the system will become a complete solution for the clock-and-trigger distribution of synchrotron radiation facilities, free-electron lasers, and other accelerators. The physics design, simulation analysis, and preliminary results are included in the paper.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6(BMP-6)on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).METHODS:Adult retinal pigment...AIM:To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6(BMP-6)on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).METHODS:Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line(ARPE-19)were randomly divided into control,TGF-β_(2)(5μg/L),and BMP-6 small interfering RNA(siRNA)group.The cell morphology was observed by microscopy,and the cell migration ability were detected by Transwell chamber.The EMT-related indexes and BMP-6 protein levels were detected by Western blotting.Furthermore,a BMP-6 overexpression plasmid was constructed and RPE cells were divided into the control group,TGF-β_(2)+empty plasmid group,BMP-6 overexpression group,and TGF-β_(2)+BMP-6 overexpression group.The EMT-related indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)protein levels were detected.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the migration of RPE cells in the TGF-β_(2) group was significantly enhanced.TGF-β_(2) increased the protein expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein levels of E-cadherin and BMP-6(P<0.05)in RPE.Similarly,the migration of RPE cells in the BMP-6 siRNA group was also significantly enhanced.BMP-6 siRNA increased the protein expression levels ofα-SMA,fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein expression levels of E-cadherin(P<0.05).Overexpression of BMP-6 inhibited the migration of RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2) and prevented TGF-β_(2) from affecting EMT-related biomarkers(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMP-6 prevents the EMT in RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2),which may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION.According to the China Earthquake Networks Center,an M6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,on 7 January 2025 at 9:05 a.m.local time.The epicenter is located at 28.5°N,...0 INTRODUCTION.According to the China Earthquake Networks Center,an M6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,on 7 January 2025 at 9:05 a.m.local time.The epicenter is located at 28.5°N,87.45°E,with a depth of~10 km.展开更多
Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research probl...Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.展开更多
Objective This systematic review aimed to identify the predictors of recovery from dysphagia after stroke in the last ten years,thereby providing an evidence-based basis for nurses to identify high-risk patients and d...Objective This systematic review aimed to identify the predictors of recovery from dysphagia after stroke in the last ten years,thereby providing an evidence-based basis for nurses to identify high-risk patients and develop individualized rehabilitation plans to improve patient prognosis.Methods Databases including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc),China Science and Technology Journal(VIP),WanFang,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,and Scopus were retrieved to search for literature on the predictors of recovery from dysphagia after stroke.The retrieval period was from January 2013 to December 2023.The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)and the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool(PROBAST).Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 and Stata15.1 software.The review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO(CRD42024605570).Results A total of 1,216 results were obtained,including 599 in English and 617 in Chinese.A total of 34 studies were included,involving 156,309 patients with post-stroke dysphagia,and the rate of dysphagia recovery increased from 13.53%at 1 week to 95%at 6 months after stroke.Meta-analysis results showed that older age[OR=1.06,95%CI(1.04,1.08),P<0.001],lower BMI[OR=1.28,95%CI(1.17,1.40),P<0.001],bilateral stroke[OR=3.10,95%CI(2.04,4.72),P<0.001],higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score[OR=1.19,95%CI(1.01,1.39),P=0.030],tracheal intubation[OR=5.08,95%CI(1.57,16.39),P=0.007]and aspiration[OR=4.70,95%CI(3.06,7.20),P<0.001]were unfavorable factors for the recovery of swallowing function in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.Conclusions The lack of standardized criteria for rehabilitation assessment of post-stroke dysphagia has resulted in reported recovery rates of swallowing function exhibiting wide variability.Nurses should take targeted preventive measures for patients aged≥70 years,low BMI,bilateral stroke,high NIHSS score,tracheal intubation,and aspiration to promote the recovery of swallowing function in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.展开更多
Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)are considered among the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries.However,their practical application is hindered by low ionic conductivity and a limited lithium-ion transf...Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)are considered among the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries.However,their practical application is hindered by low ionic conductivity and a limited lithium-ion transference number,primarily owing to the insufficient mobility of Li+.In this work,we design a heterojunc-tion nanoparticle composed of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)coupled with amorphous tita-nium oxide(TiO_(2)@Zn/Co–ZIF)as a filler to fabricate a composite solid-state electrolyte(PVZT).The amor-phous TiO_(2) coating facilitates salt dissociation through Lewis acid–base interactions with the anions of the lithium salt.Meanwhile,the Zn/Co–ZIF framework not only provides additional selective pathways for Li+transport but also effectively restricts anion migration through its confined pore size.The synergistic effect results in a high room-temperature ionic conductivity(8.8×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1))and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.47 for PVZT.A symmetrical cell using PVZT demonstrates stable Li+deposition/stripping for over 1100 h at a current density of 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).Additionally,a LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/Li full cell using PVZT retains 75.0%of its capacity after 1200 cycles at a 2 C rate.This work offers valuable insights into the design of func-tional fillers for CSEs with highly efficient ion transport.展开更多
Background:The aim was to elucidate the function of IL-37 in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)infection,thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for managing the clinical treatment of inflam...Background:The aim was to elucidate the function of IL-37 in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)infection,thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for managing the clinical treatment of inflammatory response caused by respiratory virus infection.Methods:We investigated the development of MERS by infecting hDPP4 mice with hCoV-EMC(107 TCID50[50%tissue culture infectious dose])intranasally.We infected A549 cells with MERS-CoV,which concurrently interfered with IL-37,detecting the viral titer,viral load,and cytokine expression at certain points postinfection.Meanwhile,we administered IL-37(12.5μg/kg)intravenously to hDPP4 mice 2 h after MERS-CoV-2 infection and collected the serum and lungs 5 days after infection to investigate the efficacy of IL-37 in MERS-CoV infection.Results:The viral titer of MERS-CoV-infected A549 cells interfering with IL-37 was significantly reduced by 4.7-fold,and the viral load of MERS-CoV-infected hDPP4 mice was decreased by 59-fold in lung tissue.Furthermore,the administration of IL-37 suppressed inflammatory cytokine and chemokine(monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,interferon-γ,and IL-17A)expression and ameliorated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in hDPP4 mice.Conclusion:IL-37 exhibits protective properties in severe pneumonia induced by MERS-CoV infection.This effect is achieved through attenuation of lung viral load,suppression of inflammatory cytokine secretion,reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration,and mitigation of pulmonary injury.展开更多
Based on questionnaire surveys and field interviews conducted with various types of agricultural production organizations across five districts and four counties in Daqing City,this study combines relevant theoretical...Based on questionnaire surveys and field interviews conducted with various types of agricultural production organizations across five districts and four counties in Daqing City,this study combines relevant theoretical frameworks to systematically examine the evolution,performance,and influencing factors of governance mechanisms within these organizations.Using both quantitative and inductive analytical methods,the paper proposes innovative designs and supporting measures for improving governance mechanisms.The findings reveal that,amid large-scale farmland circulation,the governance mechanisms of agricultural production organizations in Daqing City are evolving from traditional to modern structures.However,challenges remain in areas such as decision-making efficiency,benefit distribution,and supervision mechanisms.In response,this study proposes innovative governance designs focusing on decision-making processes,profit-sharing mechanisms,and risk prevention.Corresponding policy recommendations are also provided to support the sustainable development of agricultural modernization in China.展开更多
Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)mole...Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)molecular dynamics(MD)simulation offers a microscopic angle to view the self-assembly of BCPs.Although some molecular details are sacrificed during CG processes,this method exhibits remarkable computational efficiency.In this study,a comprehensive CG model for polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine),PS-b-P2VP,one of the most extensively studied BCPs for its high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter,is constructed,with parameters optimized using target values derived from all-atom MD simulations.The CG model precisely coincides with various classical self-assembling morphologies observed in experimental studies,matching the theoretical phase diagrams.Moreover,the conformational asymmetry of the experimental phase diagram is also clearly revealed by our simulation results,and the phase boundaries obtained from simulations are highly consistent with experimental results.The CG model is expected to extend to simulate the self-assembly behaviors of other BCPs in addition to PS-b-P2VP,thus increasing understanding of the microphase separation of BCPs from the molecular level.展开更多
BACKGROUND The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs has shown promising efficacy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,tumor regression and progression-free survival(PFS)var...BACKGROUND The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs has shown promising efficacy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,tumor regression and progression-free survival(PFS)vary considerably among patients receiving this therapy.AIM To identify predictive biomarkers in HCC patients treated with sintilimab(programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor)plus lenvatinib(tyrosine kinase inhibitor).METHODS In this single-center study in China,patients with unresectable HCC received sintilimab every 21 days and daily oral lenvatinib.Treatment response was assessed by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors.Tumor biopsies underwent RNA sequencing,immune microenvironment profiling,and whole-exome sequencing.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and immune cell subsets between response groups were identified,followed by survival analyses.All potential predictors of PFS,together with clinical variables,were included in Cox regression to identify independent prognostic factors.RESULTS Between August 2019 and November 2021,33 patients with hepatitis-B-virus-related HCC were enrolled;by January 2024,13 had undergone potentially curative surgery or ablation.RNA sequencing identified 94 DEGs between responders(n=22)and non-responders(n=11)using Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test(all P<0.05).High long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 01554(LINC01554)and whirlin expression were associated with longer PFS in Kaplan-Meier analysis(P<0.05).DEG-immune cell analysis showed positive correlations with pro-B and plasma cells in responders,and negative correlations with CD4+central memory T(Tcm),T helper 1,and natural killer T cells in non-responders;none significantly predicted PFS,although CD4+Tcm cells approached significance(P<0.10).Whole-exome sequencing revealed Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 mutations enriched in non-responders(P<0.05),while cut-like homeobox 1 mutations predicted poorer PFS(P=0.011).Cox regression identified solitary tumor[P=0.02,hazard ratio(HR)=0.31],high LINC01554(P=0.01,HR=0.16),and elevated CD4+Tcm cells(P=0.05,HR=0.29)as independent predictors of prolonged PFS.CONCLUSION Sintilimab plus lenvatinib showed heterogeneous efficacy in HCC.High LINC01554 expression,elevated CD4+Tcm cells,and solitary tumors may serve as predictive biomarkers for prolonged disease control.展开更多
As the rapid development of railway transportation,the wear damage between wheels and rails is increasingly severe,significantly impacting the safety and efficiency of train service.A novel heavy-haul wheel(NW)steel w...As the rapid development of railway transportation,the wear damage between wheels and rails is increasingly severe,significantly impacting the safety and efficiency of train service.A novel heavy-haul wheel(NW)steel with superior rolling-slide wear resistance is presented.Additionally,the microstructure evolution and hardening mechanisms of the wheel steel after wear were analyzed by various characterization methods.The results indicate that NW wheel steel,characterized by finer pearlite lamella and low content of proeutectoid ferrite,demonstrates exceptional wear resistance under axle loads of 200 and 400 kN.Compared to CL65 steel,the wear rate of NW wheel steel is reduced by 28%and exceeds that of most reported wheel steels.After wear,the surface material of the wheel steel experiences significant deformation,forming a gradient strain layer with microstructure and hardness exhibiting gradient changes along the depth direction.The topmost material undergoes refinement and dislocation multiplication,leading to a substantial increase in surface hardness.Moreover,NW steel exhibits more severe surface dislocations and increased hardness at higher axle loads.Therefore,by controlling the pearlite content and reducing the lamellar spacing,a gradient strain layer with enhanced hardening capabilities can be achieved,thereby improving the wear resistance of the wheel material.展开更多
Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on...Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on the visual system,whether probiotics can alleviate the visual damage caused by MC-LR in fish and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.In this study,we exposed adult zebrafish for 28 days at MC-LR concentrations of 0,2.20,and 22.00μg/L with or without the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the diet.MC-LR exposure alone resulted in structural damage to the retina and abnormal phototropic behavior,whereas L.rhamnosus could alleviate these damages.Biochemical analyses showed thatMCLR-induced abnormalities in apoptosis of ocular cells,retinal inflammatory responses,neurotransmission,and phototransduction were restored in the L.rhamnosus treatment group,indicating L.rhamnosus alleviated MC-LR-induced defects in the visual system and dysfunctions.This study underlines the defensive role of probiotics in protecting the host from environmental pollutants,which may provide guidance for the application of probiotics in aquaculture.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32401110)Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Special Fund(No.ZDYF2025SHFZ020)+3 种基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.525RC703)Scientific Research Project of Hainan University Collaborative Innovation Center(No.XTCX2022STC12)part of a project RENOVATE that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement(No.101227121)Wellcome Trust-Translational Partnership Award,UCL Regenerative Medicines TIN Pilot Dara Fund(No.214046/Z/18/Z).
文摘Plasmonic gold nanoflowers(AuNFs)exhibit considerable potential in wound repair therapy due to their excellent photothermal conversion capability,high surface area,and multi-enzyme activities.However,the intrinsic pro-oxidative properties of AuNFs limit their therapeutic efficacy in diabetic wound treatment.To overcome this limitation,a near-infrared plasmonic Au@CDCe nanohybrid system that can enhance antioxidative performance through the synergistic effects of localized surface plasmon resonance-induced photothermal effect and hot electrons is developed.Specifically,AuNFs serve as near-infrared plasmonic exciters,generating hot electrons that are efficiently transferred to cerium-doped carbon dots(CDCe).Combined with mild photothermal effects,these processes synergistically enhance hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,as well as superoxide dismutase-and catalase-mimicking activities.In vitro experiments demonstrate that Au@CDCe effectively protects cells from oxidative damage,and promotes cell proliferation and migration.In vivo evaluations confirm its ability to modulate the immune microenvironment and accelerate diabetic wound healing.This work establishes a new paradigm for modulating the oxidative stress microenvironment through antioxidant gold-based plasmonic nanozymes and provides novel insights into tuning of prooxidant nanozyme into plasmon-enhanced antioxidant nanozyme.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61521064,61522408,61574169,61334007,61474136,and 61574166)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.2018YFB0406504,2016YFA0201803,2016YFA0203800,and 2017YFB0405603)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.QYZDB-SSW-JSC048 and QYZDY-SSW-JSC001)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project,China(Grant No.Z171100002017011)
文摘Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) have drawn great attention in recent years due to their potential application in civil and military fields. Because of its ultrawide bandgap, low cost, strong radiation hardness, and high thermal and chemical stability with high visible-light transparency, Ga_2O_3 is regarded as the most promising candidate for UV detection.Furthermore, the bandgap of Ga_2O_3 is as high as 4.7–4.9 eV, directly corresponding to the solar-blind UV detection band with wavelength less than 280 nm. There is no need of doping in Ga_2O_3 to tune its bandgap, compared to AlGaN, MgZnO,etc, thereby avoiding alloy composition fluctuations and phase separation. At present, solar-blind Ga_2O_3 photodetectors based on single crystal or amorphous Ga_2O_3 are mainly focused on metal–semiconductor–metal and Schottky photodiodes.In this work, the recent achievements of Ga_2O_3 photodetectors are systematically reviewed. The characteristics and performances of different photodetector structures based on single crystal Ga_2O_3 and amorphous Ga_2O_3 thin film are analyzed and compared. Finally, the prospects of Ga_2O_3 UV photodetectors are forecast.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2017YFA0402500 and 2017YFE0301802)National Natural Science Foundation (No.11475172)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (No.QYZDJ-SSW-DQC010)
文摘A series of experimental results of field-reversed configurations(FRCs) on a KMAX(Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity) tandem mirror machine are reported.Single-side FRC translation processes with three different gas species were measured by avalanche photodiodes.Consistent with the theoretical prediction, the measured FRC speeds were inversely proportional to the square root of the ion mass.However, the speeds of the hydrogen FRC increased even in a uniform magnetic field region while the speeds of the helium and argon FRCs decreased.Possible mechanisms are discussed.The speed of the second pass due to the reflection of the mirror fields was found to be ~1/3 of the first pass speed.The internal magnetic fields were measured for a colliding-merging argon FRC, and the results show that, even for very slowmoving FRCs, merging can occur.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2016238)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11305246)
文摘Large accelerator facilities require clocks and triggers with high accuracy to synchronize equipment and devices. A new femtosecond timing system was designed to meet the demands of new facilities. In this system, the radio-frequency signal is modulated in a continuous-wave laser carrier with frequency stabilization, and timing events are distributed in the same fiber. The phase drift is detected precisely, based on the principle of the Michelson interferometer. The phase drift is compensated with coarse and fine correctors afterward. We aim to realize the stable transmission of the RF signal and timing events for a long distance and duration, with the phase drift and additive jitter in femtoseconds. After the extension, the system will become a complete solution for the clock-and-trigger distribution of synchrotron radiation facilities, free-electron lasers, and other accelerators. The physics design, simulation analysis, and preliminary results are included in the paper.
基金Supported by the Key Research&Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2022SF-311,No.2024SFYBXM-328,No.2024SF-YBXM-325)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2021JQ-385).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6(BMP-6)on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).METHODS:Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line(ARPE-19)were randomly divided into control,TGF-β_(2)(5μg/L),and BMP-6 small interfering RNA(siRNA)group.The cell morphology was observed by microscopy,and the cell migration ability were detected by Transwell chamber.The EMT-related indexes and BMP-6 protein levels were detected by Western blotting.Furthermore,a BMP-6 overexpression plasmid was constructed and RPE cells were divided into the control group,TGF-β_(2)+empty plasmid group,BMP-6 overexpression group,and TGF-β_(2)+BMP-6 overexpression group.The EMT-related indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)protein levels were detected.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the migration of RPE cells in the TGF-β_(2) group was significantly enhanced.TGF-β_(2) increased the protein expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein levels of E-cadherin and BMP-6(P<0.05)in RPE.Similarly,the migration of RPE cells in the BMP-6 siRNA group was also significantly enhanced.BMP-6 siRNA increased the protein expression levels ofα-SMA,fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein expression levels of E-cadherin(P<0.05).Overexpression of BMP-6 inhibited the migration of RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2) and prevented TGF-β_(2) from affecting EMT-related biomarkers(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMP-6 prevents the EMT in RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2),which may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC150071)partly supported by the Shaanxi Province Geoscience Big Data and Geohazard Prevention Innovation Team(2022)and the Research Funds for the Interdisciplinary Projects,CHU(No.300104240914)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION.According to the China Earthquake Networks Center,an M6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,on 7 January 2025 at 9:05 a.m.local time.The epicenter is located at 28.5°N,87.45°E,with a depth of~10 km.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2022ZDLSF07-05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(No.300102352901)。
文摘Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.
文摘Objective This systematic review aimed to identify the predictors of recovery from dysphagia after stroke in the last ten years,thereby providing an evidence-based basis for nurses to identify high-risk patients and develop individualized rehabilitation plans to improve patient prognosis.Methods Databases including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc),China Science and Technology Journal(VIP),WanFang,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,and Scopus were retrieved to search for literature on the predictors of recovery from dysphagia after stroke.The retrieval period was from January 2013 to December 2023.The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)and the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool(PROBAST).Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 and Stata15.1 software.The review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO(CRD42024605570).Results A total of 1,216 results were obtained,including 599 in English and 617 in Chinese.A total of 34 studies were included,involving 156,309 patients with post-stroke dysphagia,and the rate of dysphagia recovery increased from 13.53%at 1 week to 95%at 6 months after stroke.Meta-analysis results showed that older age[OR=1.06,95%CI(1.04,1.08),P<0.001],lower BMI[OR=1.28,95%CI(1.17,1.40),P<0.001],bilateral stroke[OR=3.10,95%CI(2.04,4.72),P<0.001],higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score[OR=1.19,95%CI(1.01,1.39),P=0.030],tracheal intubation[OR=5.08,95%CI(1.57,16.39),P=0.007]and aspiration[OR=4.70,95%CI(3.06,7.20),P<0.001]were unfavorable factors for the recovery of swallowing function in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.Conclusions The lack of standardized criteria for rehabilitation assessment of post-stroke dysphagia has resulted in reported recovery rates of swallowing function exhibiting wide variability.Nurses should take targeted preventive measures for patients aged≥70 years,low BMI,bilateral stroke,high NIHSS score,tracheal intubation,and aspiration to promote the recovery of swallowing function in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.
基金supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.52325206)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0500600)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2001220 and 52203298)Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(Grant Nos.RCJC20200714114436091,JCYJ20220530143012027,JCYJ20220818101003008,and JCYJ20220818101003007)Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School-Shenzhen Pengrui Young Faculty Program of Shenzhen Pengrui Foundation(Grant No.SZPR2023006)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.WDZC20231126160733001).
文摘Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)are considered among the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries.However,their practical application is hindered by low ionic conductivity and a limited lithium-ion transference number,primarily owing to the insufficient mobility of Li+.In this work,we design a heterojunc-tion nanoparticle composed of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)coupled with amorphous tita-nium oxide(TiO_(2)@Zn/Co–ZIF)as a filler to fabricate a composite solid-state electrolyte(PVZT).The amor-phous TiO_(2) coating facilitates salt dissociation through Lewis acid–base interactions with the anions of the lithium salt.Meanwhile,the Zn/Co–ZIF framework not only provides additional selective pathways for Li+transport but also effectively restricts anion migration through its confined pore size.The synergistic effect results in a high room-temperature ionic conductivity(8.8×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1))and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.47 for PVZT.A symmetrical cell using PVZT demonstrates stable Li+deposition/stripping for over 1100 h at a current density of 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).Additionally,a LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/Li full cell using PVZT retains 75.0%of its capacity after 1200 cycles at a 2 C rate.This work offers valuable insights into the design of func-tional fillers for CSEs with highly efficient ion transport.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32000358the CAMS initiative for Innovative Medicine of China,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-035Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS),Grant/Award Number:2020QNRC001。
文摘Background:The aim was to elucidate the function of IL-37 in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)infection,thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for managing the clinical treatment of inflammatory response caused by respiratory virus infection.Methods:We investigated the development of MERS by infecting hDPP4 mice with hCoV-EMC(107 TCID50[50%tissue culture infectious dose])intranasally.We infected A549 cells with MERS-CoV,which concurrently interfered with IL-37,detecting the viral titer,viral load,and cytokine expression at certain points postinfection.Meanwhile,we administered IL-37(12.5μg/kg)intravenously to hDPP4 mice 2 h after MERS-CoV-2 infection and collected the serum and lungs 5 days after infection to investigate the efficacy of IL-37 in MERS-CoV infection.Results:The viral titer of MERS-CoV-infected A549 cells interfering with IL-37 was significantly reduced by 4.7-fold,and the viral load of MERS-CoV-infected hDPP4 mice was decreased by 59-fold in lung tissue.Furthermore,the administration of IL-37 suppressed inflammatory cytokine and chemokine(monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,interferon-γ,and IL-17A)expression and ameliorated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in hDPP4 mice.Conclusion:IL-37 exhibits protective properties in severe pneumonia induced by MERS-CoV infection.This effect is achieved through attenuation of lung viral load,suppression of inflammatory cytokine secretion,reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration,and mitigation of pulmonary injury.
基金Supported by Daqing City Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Research Project(DSGB 2025011)the Heilongjiang Province Education Science Planning Key Project(GJB1320229).
文摘Based on questionnaire surveys and field interviews conducted with various types of agricultural production organizations across five districts and four counties in Daqing City,this study combines relevant theoretical frameworks to systematically examine the evolution,performance,and influencing factors of governance mechanisms within these organizations.Using both quantitative and inductive analytical methods,the paper proposes innovative designs and supporting measures for improving governance mechanisms.The findings reveal that,amid large-scale farmland circulation,the governance mechanisms of agricultural production organizations in Daqing City are evolving from traditional to modern structures.However,challenges remain in areas such as decision-making efficiency,benefit distribution,and supervision mechanisms.In response,this study proposes innovative governance designs focusing on decision-making processes,profit-sharing mechanisms,and risk prevention.Corresponding policy recommendations are also provided to support the sustainable development of agricultural modernization in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22438005,22108117).
文摘Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)molecular dynamics(MD)simulation offers a microscopic angle to view the self-assembly of BCPs.Although some molecular details are sacrificed during CG processes,this method exhibits remarkable computational efficiency.In this study,a comprehensive CG model for polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine),PS-b-P2VP,one of the most extensively studied BCPs for its high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter,is constructed,with parameters optimized using target values derived from all-atom MD simulations.The CG model precisely coincides with various classical self-assembling morphologies observed in experimental studies,matching the theoretical phase diagrams.Moreover,the conformational asymmetry of the experimental phase diagram is also clearly revealed by our simulation results,and the phase boundaries obtained from simulations are highly consistent with experimental results.The CG model is expected to extend to simulate the self-assembly behaviors of other BCPs in addition to PS-b-P2VP,thus increasing understanding of the microphase separation of BCPs from the molecular level.
基金Supported by Clinical Research Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Beijing Cancer Hospital,No.LGH2019101 and No.LGH2022005Special Fund for Clinical Research of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation,No.320.6750.19088-38.
文摘BACKGROUND The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs has shown promising efficacy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,tumor regression and progression-free survival(PFS)vary considerably among patients receiving this therapy.AIM To identify predictive biomarkers in HCC patients treated with sintilimab(programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor)plus lenvatinib(tyrosine kinase inhibitor).METHODS In this single-center study in China,patients with unresectable HCC received sintilimab every 21 days and daily oral lenvatinib.Treatment response was assessed by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors.Tumor biopsies underwent RNA sequencing,immune microenvironment profiling,and whole-exome sequencing.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and immune cell subsets between response groups were identified,followed by survival analyses.All potential predictors of PFS,together with clinical variables,were included in Cox regression to identify independent prognostic factors.RESULTS Between August 2019 and November 2021,33 patients with hepatitis-B-virus-related HCC were enrolled;by January 2024,13 had undergone potentially curative surgery or ablation.RNA sequencing identified 94 DEGs between responders(n=22)and non-responders(n=11)using Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test(all P<0.05).High long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 01554(LINC01554)and whirlin expression were associated with longer PFS in Kaplan-Meier analysis(P<0.05).DEG-immune cell analysis showed positive correlations with pro-B and plasma cells in responders,and negative correlations with CD4+central memory T(Tcm),T helper 1,and natural killer T cells in non-responders;none significantly predicted PFS,although CD4+Tcm cells approached significance(P<0.10).Whole-exome sequencing revealed Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 mutations enriched in non-responders(P<0.05),while cut-like homeobox 1 mutations predicted poorer PFS(P=0.011).Cox regression identified solitary tumor[P=0.02,hazard ratio(HR)=0.31],high LINC01554(P=0.01,HR=0.16),and elevated CD4+Tcm cells(P=0.05,HR=0.29)as independent predictors of prolonged PFS.CONCLUSION Sintilimab plus lenvatinib showed heterogeneous efficacy in HCC.High LINC01554 expression,elevated CD4+Tcm cells,and solitary tumors may serve as predictive biomarkers for prolonged disease control.
基金supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology in Anhui Province(No.202003a05020038)the Major Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.ZGZ201812–03)。
文摘As the rapid development of railway transportation,the wear damage between wheels and rails is increasingly severe,significantly impacting the safety and efficiency of train service.A novel heavy-haul wheel(NW)steel with superior rolling-slide wear resistance is presented.Additionally,the microstructure evolution and hardening mechanisms of the wheel steel after wear were analyzed by various characterization methods.The results indicate that NW wheel steel,characterized by finer pearlite lamella and low content of proeutectoid ferrite,demonstrates exceptional wear resistance under axle loads of 200 and 400 kN.Compared to CL65 steel,the wear rate of NW wheel steel is reduced by 28%and exceeds that of most reported wheel steels.After wear,the surface material of the wheel steel experiences significant deformation,forming a gradient strain layer with microstructure and hardness exhibiting gradient changes along the depth direction.The topmost material undergoes refinement and dislocation multiplication,leading to a substantial increase in surface hardness.Moreover,NW steel exhibits more severe surface dislocations and increased hardness at higher axle loads.Therefore,by controlling the pearlite content and reducing the lamellar spacing,a gradient strain layer with enhanced hardening capabilities can be achieved,thereby improving the wear resistance of the wheel material.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2400900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171619 and 32201388)+2 种基金the Youth project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB243)Hubei Province Excellent Young and Middle aged Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(No.T2022028)the Youth Talent Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.Q20212503)。
文摘Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on the visual system,whether probiotics can alleviate the visual damage caused by MC-LR in fish and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.In this study,we exposed adult zebrafish for 28 days at MC-LR concentrations of 0,2.20,and 22.00μg/L with or without the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the diet.MC-LR exposure alone resulted in structural damage to the retina and abnormal phototropic behavior,whereas L.rhamnosus could alleviate these damages.Biochemical analyses showed thatMCLR-induced abnormalities in apoptosis of ocular cells,retinal inflammatory responses,neurotransmission,and phototransduction were restored in the L.rhamnosus treatment group,indicating L.rhamnosus alleviated MC-LR-induced defects in the visual system and dysfunctions.This study underlines the defensive role of probiotics in protecting the host from environmental pollutants,which may provide guidance for the application of probiotics in aquaculture.
