Defluoridation of coal mining water is of great significance for sustainable development of coal industry in western China.A novel one-step mechanochemical method was developed to prepare polymeric aluminum modified p...Defluoridation of coal mining water is of great significance for sustainable development of coal industry in western China.A novel one-step mechanochemical method was developed to prepare polymeric aluminum modified powder activated carbon(PAC)for effective fluoride removal from coal mining water.Aluminum was stably loaded on the PAC through facile solid-phase reaction between polymeric aluminum(polyaluminum chloride(PACl)or polyaluminum ferric chloride(PAFC))and PAC(1:15 W/W).Fluoride adsorption on PACl and PAFC modified PAC(C-PACl and C-PAFC)all reached equilibrium within 5 min,at rate of 2.56 g mg^(-1)sec^(-1)and 1.31 g mg^(-1)sec^(-1)respectively.Larger increase of binding energy of Al on C-PACl(Al–F bond:76.64 eV and Al–FOH bond:77.70 eV)relative to that of Al on C-PAFC(Al–F bond:76.52 eV)explained higher fluoride uptake capacity of C-PACl.Less chloride was released from C-PACl than that from C-PAFC due to its higher proportion of covalent chlorine and lower proportion of ionic chlorine.The elements mapping and atomic composition proved the stability of Al loaded on the PAC as well as the enrichment of fluoride on both CPACl and C-PAFC.The Bader charge,formation energy and bond length obtained from DFT computational results explained the fluoride adsorption mechanism further.The carbon emission was 7.73 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg adsorbent prepared through mechanochemical process,which was as low as 1:82.3 to 1:8.07×10^(4)compared with the ones prepared by conventional hydrothermal methods.展开更多
The structural transformation from a liquid into a crystalline solid is an important subject in condensed matter physics and materials science. In the present study, first-principles molecular dynamics calculations ar...The structural transformation from a liquid into a crystalline solid is an important subject in condensed matter physics and materials science. In the present study, first-principles molecular dynamics calculations are performed to investigate the structure and properties of aluminum during the solidification which is induced by cooling and compression. In the cooling process and compression process, it is found that the icosahedral short-range order is initially enhanced and then begin to decay, the face-centered cubic short-range order eventually becomes dominant before it transforms into a crystalline solid.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)ranks second in terms of cancer-related deaths.We found that fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),which is related to cell adhesion and immunity,affects the occurrence and developme...BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)ranks second in terms of cancer-related deaths.We found that fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),which is related to cell adhesion and immunity,affects the occurrence and development of COAD.This study focused on the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD and constructed a nomogram for predicting the survival of COAD patients.AIM To verify the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD.METHODS A total of 453 COAD tissue samples,along with 41 normal tissue samples,were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.The difference in FABP4 expression between COAD tissues and normal tissues was analyzed,and the results were verified by immunohistochemistry.The WGCNA algorithm links FABP4 expression with an enrichment analysis and with immune cell infiltration pathways.The biological functions of FABP4 and its coexpressed genes were explored through enrichment analyses.The ESTIMATE,CIBERSORT and ssGSEA methods were used for the immune infiltration analysis.Finally,risk scores were calculated by a Cox analysis.A nomogram was constructed by combining risk scores with routine clinicopathological factors.We assessed the accuracy of survival predictions based on the C-index.The C-index ranges from 0.5 to 1.0,and in general,a C-index value greater than 0.65 indicates a reasonable estimate.The results were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.RESULTS FABP4 was significantly differentially expressed in COAD.It is a promising auxiliary biomarker for screening and diagnosis.Enrichment analyses suggested that FABP4 may influence the invasion and progression of COAD through cell adhesion.The immunological analysis revealed that FABP4 expression in COAD was significantly positively correlated with immune cell infiltration.Moreover,a nomogram to predict the survival of COAD patients was successfully constructed by integrating the calculated risk scores of 15 candidate genes and routine clinicopathological factors.This nomogram could effectively predict 1-year,3-year,and 5-year survival(C-index=0.786)and was verified(C-index=0.73).CONCLUSION This study established FABP4 as an effective biomarker for screening,assisting in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis.展开更多
Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with limited treatment options.To improve therapeutic efficacy,we developed a novel multifunctional nanoplatform,GM@P(T/S),comprised of polymer...Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with limited treatment options.To improve therapeutic efficacy,we developed a novel multifunctional nanoplatform,GM@P(T/S),comprised of polymeric nanoparticles coated with GBM cell membranes as well as co-loaded with temozolomide(TMZ)and superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanoparticles.The successful preparation was confirmed in terms of particle size,morphology,stability,the in vitro drug release,and cellular uptake assays.We demonstrated that GM@P(T/S)exhibited the enhanced homotypic targeting,the prolonged blood circulation,and efficient bloodbrain barrier penetration in both in vitro and in vivo studies.The combination of TMZ and SPIO nanoparticles within GM@P(T/S)synergistically improved chemo-radiation therapy,leading to a reduced tumor growth,an increased survival,and minimal systemic toxicity in the orthotopic GBM mouse models.Our findings suggest that GM@P(T/S)holds a great promise as a targeted and efficient therapeutic strategy for GBM.展开更多
A single-phase anti-perovskite medium-entropy alloy nitride foams(MEANFs),as innovative materials for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption,have been successfully synthesized through the lattice expansion induced by nit...A single-phase anti-perovskite medium-entropy alloy nitride foams(MEANFs),as innovative materials for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption,have been successfully synthesized through the lattice expansion induced by nitrogen doping.This achievement notably overcomes the inherent constraints of conventional metal-based absorbers,including low resonance frequency,high conductivity,and elevated density,for the synergistic advantages provided by multimetallic alloys and foams.Microstructural analysis with comprehensive theoretical calculations provides in-depth insights into the formation mechanism,electronic structure,and magnetic moment of MEANFs.Furthermore,deliberate component design along with the foam structure proves to be an effective strategy for enhancing impedance matching and absorption.The results show that the MEANFs exhibit a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))value of-60.32 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB_(max))of 5.28 GHz at 1.69 mm.This augmentation of energy dissipation in EMW is predominantly attributed to factors such as porous structure,interfacial polarization,defect-induced polarization,and magnetic resonance.This study demonstrates a facile and efficient approach for synthesizing single-phase medium-entropy alloys,emphasizing their potential as materials for electromagnetic wave absorption due to their adjustable magnetic-dielectric properties.展开更多
MgO is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s interior,and its structure and properties at high temperature and pressure are important for us to understand the composition and behavior in the deep Earth.In ...MgO is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s interior,and its structure and properties at high temperature and pressure are important for us to understand the composition and behavior in the deep Earth.In the present work,firstprinciples molecular dynamics calculations were performed to investigate the pressure-induced structural evolution of the MgO melts at 4000 K and 5000 K.The results predicted the liquid-solid phase boundaries,and the calculated viscosities of the melts may help us to understand the transport behavior under the corresponding Earth conditions.展开更多
Understanding the solubility of supercritical CO_(2)and its mixtures with other fluids at various temperatures and pressures conditions is critical for their applications,such as extraction processes,material design,a...Understanding the solubility of supercritical CO_(2)and its mixtures with other fluids at various temperatures and pressures conditions is critical for their applications,such as extraction processes,material design,and carbon capture.In the present study,the solubility parameters of supercritical CO_(2),H_(2)O,and their mixtures were calculated by molecular dynamics simulations.The results show that the solubility parameters decrease with increasing temperature and increase with increasing pressure and are linearly proportional to the density.Furthermore,the intermolecular interactions,including the hydrogen bonds,significantly affect the solubility parameter of the CO_(2)-H_(2)O system.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD） and dexamethasone （DEX）. We examined the morphologic...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD） and dexamethasone （DEX）. We examined the morphological and histological features of the palatal shelf and expression levels of key signaling molecules （trans- forming growth factor-β3 （TGF-β3） and TGF-β3 type I receptor （activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5）） during pala- togenesis among a control group （Group A）, TCDD＋DEX exposed group （Group B）, and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed group （Group C）. While we failed to find that vitamin B12 decreased the incidence of cleft palate induced by TCDD＋DEX treatment, the expression levels of key signaling molecules （TGF-~3 and ALK5） during palatogenesis were significantly modulated. In TCDD＋DEX exposed and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed groups, palatal shelves could not contact in the midline due to their small sizes. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 may inhibit the expression of some cleft palate inducers such as TGF-β3 and ALK5 in DEX＋TCDD exposed mice, which may be beneficial against palatogenesis to some degree, even though we were unable to observe a protective role of vitamin B12 in morphological and histological alterations of palatal shelves induced by DEX and TCDD.展开更多
Carbonatites are commonly related to the accumulation of economically valuable substances such as REE, Cu, and P. The debate over the origin of carbonatites and their relationship to associated silicate rocks has been...Carbonatites are commonly related to the accumulation of economically valuable substances such as REE, Cu, and P. The debate over the origin of carbonatites and their relationship to associated silicate rocks has been ongoing for about 45 years, Worldwide, the rocks characteristically display more geochemical enrichments in Ba, Sr and REE than sedimentary carbonate rocks. However, carbonatite＇s geochemical features are disputed because of secondary mineral effects. Rock-forming carbonates from carbonatites at Qinling, Panxi region, and Bayan Obo in China show REE distribution patterns ranging from LREE enrichment to flat patterns. They are characterized by a Sr content more than 10 times higher than that of secondary carbonates. The coarse- and fine-grained dolomites from Bayan Obo H8 dolomite marbles also show similar high Sr abundance, indicating that they are of igneous origin. Some carbonates in Chinese carbonatites show REE （especially HREE） contents and distribution patterns similar to those of the whole rocks. These intrusive carbonatites display lower platinum group elements and stronger fractionation between Pt and lr relative to high-Si extrusive carbonatite. This indicates that most intrusive carbonatites may be carbonate cumulates. Maoniuping and Daluxiang in Panxi region are large REE deposits. Hydrothermal fluorite ore veins occur outside of the carbonatite bodies and are emplaced in wallrock syenite. The fluorite in Maoniuping has Sr and Nd isotopes similar to carbonatite. The Daluxiang fluorite shows Sr and REE compositions different from those in Maoniuping. The difference is reflected by both the carbonatites and rock-forming carbonates, indicating that REE mineralization is related to carbonatites. The cumulate processes of carbonate minerals make fractionated fluids rich in volatiles and LREE as a result of low partition coefficients for REE between carbonate and carbonatite melt and an increase from LREE to HREE. The carbonatite-derived fluid has interacted with wallrock to form REE ore veins. The amount of carbonatite dykes occurring near the Bayan Obo orebodies may support the same mineralization model, i.e. that fluids evolved from the carbonatite dykes reacted with H8 dolomite marble, and thus the different REE and isotope compositions of coarse- and fine-grained dolomite may be related to reaction processes.展开更多
We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand ...We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand （ 60%）. The fraction of clay was 3%. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） concentrations ranged from 729 to 1922 mg/kg and from 692 to 1388 mg/kg, respectively. Nutrient concentrations within the sediments usually decreased with increasing depth. The TN and TP concentrations within the fine sand were higher than for that within silt. Sediment phosphorus fractions were between 2.99% and 3.37% Ex-P （exchangeable phosphorus）, 7.89% and 13.71% Fe/Al-P （Fe, Al oxides bound phosphorus）, 61.32% and 70.14% Ca-P （calcium-bound phosphorus）, and 17.03% and 22.04% Org-P （organic phosphorus）. Nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment could lead to the presence of 21.02 mg N/L and 3.10 mg P/L within the water column. A river restoration project should address the sediment nutrient stock.展开更多
Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a natural non-protein functio nal amino acid,which has potential for fermentation industrial production by Lactobacillus brevis.This work investigated the batch fermentation process and...Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a natural non-protein functio nal amino acid,which has potential for fermentation industrial production by Lactobacillus brevis.This work investigated the batch fermentation process and developed a kinetic model based on substrate restrictive model established by experimental data from L25(5~6)orthogonal experiments.In this study,the OD600 value of fermentation broth was fixed to constant after reaching its maximum because the microorganism death showed no effect on the enzyme activity of glutamate decarboxylase(GAD).As pH is one of the key parameters in fermentation process,a pH-dependent kinetic model based on radial basis function was developed to enhance the practicality of the model.Furthermore,as to decrease the deviations between the simulated curves and the experimental data,the rolling correction strategy with OD600 values that was measured in real-time was introduced into this work to modify the model.Finally,the accu racy of the rolling corrected and pH-dependent model was validated by good fitness between the simulated curves and data of the initial batch fermentation(pH 5.2).As a result,this pH-dependent kinetic model revealed that the optimal pH for biomass growth is 5.6-5.7 and for GABA production is about 5,respectively.Therefore,the developed model is practical and convenient for the instruction of GABA fermentation production,and it has instructive significance for the industrial scale.展开更多
The low-dimensional,highly anisotropic geometries,and superior mechanical properties of one-dimensional(1D) nanomaterials allow the exquisite strain engineering with a broad tunability inaccessible to bulk or thin-fil...The low-dimensional,highly anisotropic geometries,and superior mechanical properties of one-dimensional(1D) nanomaterials allow the exquisite strain engineering with a broad tunability inaccessible to bulk or thin-film materials.Such capability enables unprecedented possibilities for probing intriguing physics and materials science in the 1-D limit.Among the techniques for introducing controlled strains in 1D materials,nanoimprinting with embossed substrates attracts increased attention due to its capability to parallelly form nanomaterials into wrinkled structures with controlled periodicities,amplitudes,orientations at large scale with nanoscale resolutions.Here,we systematically investigated the strain-engineered anisotropic optical properties in Te nanowires through introducing a controlled strain field using a resist-free thermally assisted nanoimprinting process.The magnitude of induced strains can be tuned by adjusting the imprinting pressure,the nanowire diameter,and the patterns on the substrates.The observed Raman spectra from the chiral-chain lattice of 1D Te reveal the strong lattice vibration response under the strain.Our results suggest the potential of 1D Te as a promising candidate for flexible electronics,deformable optoelectronics,and wearable sensors.The experimental platform can also enable the exquisite mechanical control in other nanomaterials using substrate-induced,on-demand,and controlled strains.展开更多
γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA),a natural non-protein amino acid,plays an irreplaceable role in regulating the life activities of organisms.Nowadays,the separation and purification of food-grade GABA from fermentation brot...γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA),a natural non-protein amino acid,plays an irreplaceable role in regulating the life activities of organisms.Nowadays,the separation and purification of food-grade GABA from fermentation broth is still a great challenge.This research utilized monosodium glutamate as a substrate for the production of high-purity GABA via an integrated process incorporating fermentation,purification,and crystallization.Firstly,147 g·L^(-1) GABA with a yield of 99.8%was achieved through fed-batch fermentation by Lactobacillus brevis CE701.Secondly,three integrated purification methods by ethanol precipitation were compared,and crude GABA with a purity of 89,85%was obtained by the optimized method.Thirdly,GABA crystals with a purity of 98.69%and a yield of 60%were further obtained through a designed crystallization process.Furthermore,the GABA industrial production process model was established by Superproper Designer V10 software,and material balance and economic analysis were carried out.Ethanol used in the process was recovered with a recovery of 98.79%through Aspen simulated extractive distillation.Then the fixed investment(equipment purchase and installation costs)for an annual production of 80 t GABA will be about 833000 USD;the total annual production cost(raw material cost and utility cost)will be about 641000 USD.The annual sale of GABA may be at the range of 2400000-4000000 USD and the payback period will be about 1-2 year.This integrated process provides a potential way for the industrial-scale production of food-grade GABA.展开更多
The leaching of Cu from low-grade polymetallic complex chalcopyrite ore(LPCCO)in acidic ferric electrolyte was increased by adding tartrate.To explain the reason resulting in this phenomenon,a systematical study about...The leaching of Cu from low-grade polymetallic complex chalcopyrite ore(LPCCO)in acidic ferric electrolyte was increased by adding tartrate.To explain the reason resulting in this phenomenon,a systematical study about the effects of tartrate on the interfaces where reactions occurred was conducted by using electrochemical methods.The Mott−Schottky experiment results showed that whether tartrate was added or not,the initial n-type LPCCO surface transformed to the surface with a p−n junction that seriously hindered charge transfer.After adding tartrate,a shorter Debye length and higher charge carrier density were obtained,which were related to the decrease in intergranular energy barrier height by tartrate’s bridging semiconductor particles.Additionally,EIS results combined with Tafel and LSV analysis revealed thin passive film and double-layer,large diffusion coefficient,and low apparent activation energy.These favorable changes in interface properties facilitated the LPCCO dissolution.展开更多
This article focuses on dynamic event-triggered mechanism(DETM)-based model predictive control(MPC) for T-S fuzzy systems.A hybrid dynamic variables-dependent DETM is carefully devised,which includes a multiplicative ...This article focuses on dynamic event-triggered mechanism(DETM)-based model predictive control(MPC) for T-S fuzzy systems.A hybrid dynamic variables-dependent DETM is carefully devised,which includes a multiplicative dynamic variable and an additive dynamic variable.The addressed DETM-based fuzzy MPC issue is described as a “min-max” optimization problem(OP).To facilitate the co-design of the MPC controller and the weighting matrix of the DETM,an auxiliary OP is proposed based on a new Lyapunov function and a new robust positive invariant(RPI) set that contain the membership functions and the hybrid dynamic variables.A dynamic event-triggered fuzzy MPC algorithm is developed accordingly,whose recursive feasibility is analysed by employing the RPI set.With the designed controller,the involved fuzzy system is ensured to be asymptotically stable.Two examples show that the new DETM and DETM-based MPC algorithm have the advantages of reducing resource consumption while yielding the anticipated performance.展开更多
Rosa roxburghii fruit is rich in flavonoids, but little is known about their biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to study changes related to the flavonoids at five differ...Rosa roxburghii fruit is rich in flavonoids, but little is known about their biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to study changes related to the flavonoids at five different stages of R. roxburghii fruit development. Flavonoids and the genes related to their biosynthesis were found to undergo significant changes in abundance across different developmental stages, and numerous quercetin derivatives were identified. We found three gene expression modules that were significantly associated with the abundances of the different flavonoids in R. roxburghii and identified three structural UDP-glycosyltransferase genes directly involved in the synthesis of quercetin derivatives within these modules. In addition, we found that RrBEH4, RrLBD1 and RrPIF8could significantly increase the expression of downstream quercetin derivative biosynthesis genes. Taken together,these results provide new insights into the metabolism of flavonoids and the accumulation of quercetin derivatives in R. roxburghii.展开更多
Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)effectively combine the advantages of high ionic conductivity and re-duce the risk of leakage associated with liquid.In this study,a chemically cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte was pr...Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)effectively combine the advantages of high ionic conductivity and re-duce the risk of leakage associated with liquid.In this study,a chemically cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by in-situ polymerization using polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)as a matrix and neopentyl glycol diacrylate(NPGDA)as cross-linking agent.The cross-linked structure of the GPE was preliminarily investigated,as well as the influence of the degree of cross-linking on its phys-ical properties.The GPE exhibited a superior conductivity of 1.391 mS cm^(-1) at 25℃.Herein,the Li|GPE|LiNi_(0.8) Co_(0.1) Mn_(0.1) O_(2) cell has an excellent capacity retention rate of 80.7%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C in addition to a high discharge specific capacity of 203 mAh g^(-1).The structure of the cathode ma-terial is shielded from the production of byproducts during the charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries by the cross-linked PMMA GPE.展开更多
The severe volumetric expansion and poor conductivity of silicon when used as anode in lithium-ion batteries present challenges in maintaining the stability of electrochemical performance.Herein,the binding between si...The severe volumetric expansion and poor conductivity of silicon when used as anode in lithium-ion batteries present challenges in maintaining the stability of electrochemical performance.Herein,the binding between silicon nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)is achieved by the utilization of sodium alginate(S A),which is then strengthened by the coordination between Ca^(2+)and the carboxyl group(-COO^(-))of SA,resulting in a stable conductive network with ionic transport pathway.The consolidated binding relationship enables silicon-based anode material to possess high mechanical strength and strong deformation resistance,preventing the separation of silicon from CNTs network.Consequently,this silicon-based anode material demonstrates a discharge specific capacity of811 mAh·g^(-1)after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1),and exhibits high rate performance,with a discharge specific capacity of 1612 mAh·g^(-1)at 2 A·g^(-1).展开更多
The second-to-fourth digit(2D:4D)ratio is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen exposure.However,the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and hypospadias is poorly understood,and its molecular mechanism is n...The second-to-fourth digit(2D:4D)ratio is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen exposure.However,the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and hypospadias is poorly understood,and its molecular mechanism is not clear.In this study,by analyzing the hand digit length of 142 boys with hypospadias(23 distal,68 middle,and 51 proximal)and 196 controls enrolled in Shanghai Children’s Hospital(Shanghai,China)from December 2020 to December 2021,we found that the 2D:4D ratio was significantly increased in boys with hypospadias(P<0.001)and it was positively correlated with the severity of the hypospadias.This was further verified by the comparison of control mice and prenatal low testosterone mice model obtained by knocking out the risk gene(dynein axonemal heavy chain 8[DNAH8])associated with hypospadias.Furthermore,the discrepancy was mainly caused by a shift in 4D.Proteomic characterization of a mouse model validated that low testosterone levels during pregnancy can impair the growth and development of 4D.Comprehensive mechanistic explorations revealed that during the androgen-sensitive window,the downregulation of the androgen receptor(AR)caused by low testosterone levels,as well as the suppressed expression of chondrocyte proliferation-related genes such as Wnt family member 5a(Wnt5a),Wnt5b,Smad family member 2(Smad2),and Smad3;mitochondrial function-related genes in cartilage such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and nuclear respiratory factor 1(Nrf-1);and vascular development-related genes such as myosin light chain(MLC),notch receptor 3(Notch3),and sphingosine kinase 1(Sphk1),are responsible for the limitation of 4D growth,which results in a higher 2D:4D ratio in boys with hypospadias via decreased endochondral ossification.This study indicates that the ratio of 2D:4D is a risk marker of hypospadias and provides a potential molecular mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100070)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Energy Investment Corporation(No.SZY93002219N).
文摘Defluoridation of coal mining water is of great significance for sustainable development of coal industry in western China.A novel one-step mechanochemical method was developed to prepare polymeric aluminum modified powder activated carbon(PAC)for effective fluoride removal from coal mining water.Aluminum was stably loaded on the PAC through facile solid-phase reaction between polymeric aluminum(polyaluminum chloride(PACl)or polyaluminum ferric chloride(PAFC))and PAC(1:15 W/W).Fluoride adsorption on PACl and PAFC modified PAC(C-PACl and C-PAFC)all reached equilibrium within 5 min,at rate of 2.56 g mg^(-1)sec^(-1)and 1.31 g mg^(-1)sec^(-1)respectively.Larger increase of binding energy of Al on C-PACl(Al–F bond:76.64 eV and Al–FOH bond:77.70 eV)relative to that of Al on C-PAFC(Al–F bond:76.52 eV)explained higher fluoride uptake capacity of C-PACl.Less chloride was released from C-PACl than that from C-PAFC due to its higher proportion of covalent chlorine and lower proportion of ionic chlorine.The elements mapping and atomic composition proved the stability of Al loaded on the PAC as well as the enrichment of fluoride on both CPACl and C-PAFC.The Bader charge,formation energy and bond length obtained from DFT computational results explained the fluoride adsorption mechanism further.The carbon emission was 7.73 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg adsorbent prepared through mechanochemical process,which was as low as 1:82.3 to 1:8.07×10^(4)compared with the ones prepared by conventional hydrothermal methods.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51701180)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,China(Grant No.J22-23-103)。
文摘The structural transformation from a liquid into a crystalline solid is an important subject in condensed matter physics and materials science. In the present study, first-principles molecular dynamics calculations are performed to investigate the structure and properties of aluminum during the solidification which is induced by cooling and compression. In the cooling process and compression process, it is found that the icosahedral short-range order is initially enhanced and then begin to decay, the face-centered cubic short-range order eventually becomes dominant before it transforms into a crystalline solid.
基金Supported by the University Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province,No.2024AH051916the Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province,No.2022sx159 and No.2022sdxx031the Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province,No.2022e07020036.
文摘BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)ranks second in terms of cancer-related deaths.We found that fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),which is related to cell adhesion and immunity,affects the occurrence and development of COAD.This study focused on the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD and constructed a nomogram for predicting the survival of COAD patients.AIM To verify the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD.METHODS A total of 453 COAD tissue samples,along with 41 normal tissue samples,were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.The difference in FABP4 expression between COAD tissues and normal tissues was analyzed,and the results were verified by immunohistochemistry.The WGCNA algorithm links FABP4 expression with an enrichment analysis and with immune cell infiltration pathways.The biological functions of FABP4 and its coexpressed genes were explored through enrichment analyses.The ESTIMATE,CIBERSORT and ssGSEA methods were used for the immune infiltration analysis.Finally,risk scores were calculated by a Cox analysis.A nomogram was constructed by combining risk scores with routine clinicopathological factors.We assessed the accuracy of survival predictions based on the C-index.The C-index ranges from 0.5 to 1.0,and in general,a C-index value greater than 0.65 indicates a reasonable estimate.The results were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.RESULTS FABP4 was significantly differentially expressed in COAD.It is a promising auxiliary biomarker for screening and diagnosis.Enrichment analyses suggested that FABP4 may influence the invasion and progression of COAD through cell adhesion.The immunological analysis revealed that FABP4 expression in COAD was significantly positively correlated with immune cell infiltration.Moreover,a nomogram to predict the survival of COAD patients was successfully constructed by integrating the calculated risk scores of 15 candidate genes and routine clinicopathological factors.This nomogram could effectively predict 1-year,3-year,and 5-year survival(C-index=0.786)and was verified(C-index=0.73).CONCLUSION This study established FABP4 as an effective biomarker for screening,assisting in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82073308 and 82104089)。
文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with limited treatment options.To improve therapeutic efficacy,we developed a novel multifunctional nanoplatform,GM@P(T/S),comprised of polymeric nanoparticles coated with GBM cell membranes as well as co-loaded with temozolomide(TMZ)and superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanoparticles.The successful preparation was confirmed in terms of particle size,morphology,stability,the in vitro drug release,and cellular uptake assays.We demonstrated that GM@P(T/S)exhibited the enhanced homotypic targeting,the prolonged blood circulation,and efficient bloodbrain barrier penetration in both in vitro and in vivo studies.The combination of TMZ and SPIO nanoparticles within GM@P(T/S)synergistically improved chemo-radiation therapy,leading to a reduced tumor growth,an increased survival,and minimal systemic toxicity in the orthotopic GBM mouse models.Our findings suggest that GM@P(T/S)holds a great promise as a targeted and efficient therapeutic strategy for GBM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071294)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFE0109800)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY20E020015).
文摘A single-phase anti-perovskite medium-entropy alloy nitride foams(MEANFs),as innovative materials for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption,have been successfully synthesized through the lattice expansion induced by nitrogen doping.This achievement notably overcomes the inherent constraints of conventional metal-based absorbers,including low resonance frequency,high conductivity,and elevated density,for the synergistic advantages provided by multimetallic alloys and foams.Microstructural analysis with comprehensive theoretical calculations provides in-depth insights into the formation mechanism,electronic structure,and magnetic moment of MEANFs.Furthermore,deliberate component design along with the foam structure proves to be an effective strategy for enhancing impedance matching and absorption.The results show that the MEANFs exhibit a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))value of-60.32 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB_(max))of 5.28 GHz at 1.69 mm.This augmentation of energy dissipation in EMW is predominantly attributed to factors such as porous structure,interfacial polarization,defect-induced polarization,and magnetic resonance.This study demonstrates a facile and efficient approach for synthesizing single-phase medium-entropy alloys,emphasizing their potential as materials for electromagnetic wave absorption due to their adjustable magnetic-dielectric properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51701180)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion(Grant No.J22-23-103).
文摘MgO is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s interior,and its structure and properties at high temperature and pressure are important for us to understand the composition and behavior in the deep Earth.In the present work,firstprinciples molecular dynamics calculations were performed to investigate the pressure-induced structural evolution of the MgO melts at 4000 K and 5000 K.The results predicted the liquid-solid phase boundaries,and the calculated viscosities of the melts may help us to understand the transport behavior under the corresponding Earth conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFE0117200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41977304).
文摘Understanding the solubility of supercritical CO_(2)and its mixtures with other fluids at various temperatures and pressures conditions is critical for their applications,such as extraction processes,material design,and carbon capture.In the present study,the solubility parameters of supercritical CO_(2),H_(2)O,and their mixtures were calculated by molecular dynamics simulations.The results show that the solubility parameters decrease with increasing temperature and increase with increasing pressure and are linearly proportional to the density.Furthermore,the intermolecular interactions,including the hydrogen bonds,significantly affect the solubility parameter of the CO_(2)-H_(2)O system.
基金Project supported by thc National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 81000425 and 30530730） and the Sichuan Key Tech- nology R＆D Program （No. 2010SZ0098）, China
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD） and dexamethasone （DEX）. We examined the morphological and histological features of the palatal shelf and expression levels of key signaling molecules （trans- forming growth factor-β3 （TGF-β3） and TGF-β3 type I receptor （activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5）） during pala- togenesis among a control group （Group A）, TCDD＋DEX exposed group （Group B）, and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed group （Group C）. While we failed to find that vitamin B12 decreased the incidence of cleft palate induced by TCDD＋DEX treatment, the expression levels of key signaling molecules （TGF-~3 and ALK5） during palatogenesis were significantly modulated. In TCDD＋DEX exposed and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed groups, palatal shelves could not contact in the midline due to their small sizes. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 may inhibit the expression of some cleft palate inducers such as TGF-β3 and ALK5 in DEX＋TCDD exposed mice, which may be beneficial against palatogenesis to some degree, even though we were unable to observe a protective role of vitamin B12 in morphological and histological alterations of palatal shelves induced by DEX and TCDD.
基金financially supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation(Nos. 40973040,40773021)the West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Young Talent Plan of Peking University to Xu
文摘Carbonatites are commonly related to the accumulation of economically valuable substances such as REE, Cu, and P. The debate over the origin of carbonatites and their relationship to associated silicate rocks has been ongoing for about 45 years, Worldwide, the rocks characteristically display more geochemical enrichments in Ba, Sr and REE than sedimentary carbonate rocks. However, carbonatite＇s geochemical features are disputed because of secondary mineral effects. Rock-forming carbonates from carbonatites at Qinling, Panxi region, and Bayan Obo in China show REE distribution patterns ranging from LREE enrichment to flat patterns. They are characterized by a Sr content more than 10 times higher than that of secondary carbonates. The coarse- and fine-grained dolomites from Bayan Obo H8 dolomite marbles also show similar high Sr abundance, indicating that they are of igneous origin. Some carbonates in Chinese carbonatites show REE （especially HREE） contents and distribution patterns similar to those of the whole rocks. These intrusive carbonatites display lower platinum group elements and stronger fractionation between Pt and lr relative to high-Si extrusive carbonatite. This indicates that most intrusive carbonatites may be carbonate cumulates. Maoniuping and Daluxiang in Panxi region are large REE deposits. Hydrothermal fluorite ore veins occur outside of the carbonatite bodies and are emplaced in wallrock syenite. The fluorite in Maoniuping has Sr and Nd isotopes similar to carbonatite. The Daluxiang fluorite shows Sr and REE compositions different from those in Maoniuping. The difference is reflected by both the carbonatites and rock-forming carbonates, indicating that REE mineralization is related to carbonatites. The cumulate processes of carbonate minerals make fractionated fluids rich in volatiles and LREE as a result of low partition coefficients for REE between carbonate and carbonatite melt and an increase from LREE to HREE. The carbonatite-derived fluid has interacted with wallrock to form REE ore veins. The amount of carbonatite dykes occurring near the Bayan Obo orebodies may support the same mineralization model, i.e. that fluids evolved from the carbonatite dykes reacted with H8 dolomite marble, and thus the different REE and isotope compositions of coarse- and fine-grained dolomite may be related to reaction processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China (No. 51079068)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 09ZCGYSF00400, 08FDZDSF03402)+1 种基金the National Key-Projects of Water Pollution Control and Prevention (No. 2008ZX07314-005- 001, 2009ZX07209-001)funded by The Royal Society
文摘We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand （ 60%）. The fraction of clay was 3%. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） concentrations ranged from 729 to 1922 mg/kg and from 692 to 1388 mg/kg, respectively. Nutrient concentrations within the sediments usually decreased with increasing depth. The TN and TP concentrations within the fine sand were higher than for that within silt. Sediment phosphorus fractions were between 2.99% and 3.37% Ex-P （exchangeable phosphorus）, 7.89% and 13.71% Fe/Al-P （Fe, Al oxides bound phosphorus）, 61.32% and 70.14% Ca-P （calcium-bound phosphorus）, and 17.03% and 22.04% Org-P （organic phosphorus）. Nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment could lead to the presence of 21.02 mg N/L and 3.10 mg P/L within the water column. A river restoration project should address the sediment nutrient stock.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21621004,22078239)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(B2021210008)+1 种基金Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project(TSBICIP-KJGG-004)the Tianjin Development Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(2018)。
文摘Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a natural non-protein functio nal amino acid,which has potential for fermentation industrial production by Lactobacillus brevis.This work investigated the batch fermentation process and developed a kinetic model based on substrate restrictive model established by experimental data from L25(5~6)orthogonal experiments.In this study,the OD600 value of fermentation broth was fixed to constant after reaching its maximum because the microorganism death showed no effect on the enzyme activity of glutamate decarboxylase(GAD).As pH is one of the key parameters in fermentation process,a pH-dependent kinetic model based on radial basis function was developed to enhance the practicality of the model.Furthermore,as to decrease the deviations between the simulated curves and the experimental data,the rolling correction strategy with OD600 values that was measured in real-time was introduced into this work to modify the model.Finally,the accu racy of the rolling corrected and pH-dependent model was validated by good fitness between the simulated curves and data of the initial batch fermentation(pH 5.2).As a result,this pH-dependent kinetic model revealed that the optimal pH for biomass growth is 5.6-5.7 and for GABA production is about 5,respectively.Therefore,the developed model is practical and convenient for the instruction of GABA fermentation production,and it has instructive significance for the industrial scale.
基金the College of Engineering and School of Industrial Engineering at Purdue University for startup supportpartially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI-1762698+3 种基金financial assistance from ONR NEPTUNE program National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI-1538360supported by the Louis Beecherl, Jr. Endowment Fundsthe College of Engineering and School of Materials Engineering at Purdue University for startup supportsupported through computational resources provided by the Information Technology department at Purdue University。
文摘The low-dimensional,highly anisotropic geometries,and superior mechanical properties of one-dimensional(1D) nanomaterials allow the exquisite strain engineering with a broad tunability inaccessible to bulk or thin-film materials.Such capability enables unprecedented possibilities for probing intriguing physics and materials science in the 1-D limit.Among the techniques for introducing controlled strains in 1D materials,nanoimprinting with embossed substrates attracts increased attention due to its capability to parallelly form nanomaterials into wrinkled structures with controlled periodicities,amplitudes,orientations at large scale with nanoscale resolutions.Here,we systematically investigated the strain-engineered anisotropic optical properties in Te nanowires through introducing a controlled strain field using a resist-free thermally assisted nanoimprinting process.The magnitude of induced strains can be tuned by adjusting the imprinting pressure,the nanowire diameter,and the patterns on the substrates.The observed Raman spectra from the chiral-chain lattice of 1D Te reveal the strong lattice vibration response under the strain.Our results suggest the potential of 1D Te as a promising candidate for flexible electronics,deformable optoelectronics,and wearable sensors.The experimental platform can also enable the exquisite mechanical control in other nanomaterials using substrate-induced,on-demand,and controlled strains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21621004,22078239)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(B2021210008)the Tianjin Development Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(2018)。
文摘γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA),a natural non-protein amino acid,plays an irreplaceable role in regulating the life activities of organisms.Nowadays,the separation and purification of food-grade GABA from fermentation broth is still a great challenge.This research utilized monosodium glutamate as a substrate for the production of high-purity GABA via an integrated process incorporating fermentation,purification,and crystallization.Firstly,147 g·L^(-1) GABA with a yield of 99.8%was achieved through fed-batch fermentation by Lactobacillus brevis CE701.Secondly,three integrated purification methods by ethanol precipitation were compared,and crude GABA with a purity of 89,85%was obtained by the optimized method.Thirdly,GABA crystals with a purity of 98.69%and a yield of 60%were further obtained through a designed crystallization process.Furthermore,the GABA industrial production process model was established by Superproper Designer V10 software,and material balance and economic analysis were carried out.Ethanol used in the process was recovered with a recovery of 98.79%through Aspen simulated extractive distillation.Then the fixed investment(equipment purchase and installation costs)for an annual production of 80 t GABA will be about 833000 USD;the total annual production cost(raw material cost and utility cost)will be about 641000 USD.The annual sale of GABA may be at the range of 2400000-4000000 USD and the payback period will be about 1-2 year.This integrated process provides a potential way for the industrial-scale production of food-grade GABA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978122).
文摘The leaching of Cu from low-grade polymetallic complex chalcopyrite ore(LPCCO)in acidic ferric electrolyte was increased by adding tartrate.To explain the reason resulting in this phenomenon,a systematical study about the effects of tartrate on the interfaces where reactions occurred was conducted by using electrochemical methods.The Mott−Schottky experiment results showed that whether tartrate was added or not,the initial n-type LPCCO surface transformed to the surface with a p−n junction that seriously hindered charge transfer.After adding tartrate,a shorter Debye length and higher charge carrier density were obtained,which were related to the decrease in intergranular energy barrier height by tartrate’s bridging semiconductor particles.Additionally,EIS results combined with Tafel and LSV analysis revealed thin passive film and double-layer,large diffusion coefficient,and low apparent activation energy.These favorable changes in interface properties facilitated the LPCCO dissolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62073303,61673356)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2015CFA010)the 111 Project(B17040)。
文摘This article focuses on dynamic event-triggered mechanism(DETM)-based model predictive control(MPC) for T-S fuzzy systems.A hybrid dynamic variables-dependent DETM is carefully devised,which includes a multiplicative dynamic variable and an additive dynamic variable.The addressed DETM-based fuzzy MPC issue is described as a “min-max” optimization problem(OP).To facilitate the co-design of the MPC controller and the weighting matrix of the DETM,an auxiliary OP is proposed based on a new Lyapunov function and a new robust positive invariant(RPI) set that contain the membership functions and the hybrid dynamic variables.A dynamic event-triggered fuzzy MPC algorithm is developed accordingly,whose recursive feasibility is analysed by employing the RPI set.With the designed controller,the involved fuzzy system is ensured to be asymptotically stable.Two examples show that the new DETM and DETM-based MPC algorithm have the advantages of reducing resource consumption while yielding the anticipated performance.
基金supported in part by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,China(ZW201813)。
文摘Rosa roxburghii fruit is rich in flavonoids, but little is known about their biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to study changes related to the flavonoids at five different stages of R. roxburghii fruit development. Flavonoids and the genes related to their biosynthesis were found to undergo significant changes in abundance across different developmental stages, and numerous quercetin derivatives were identified. We found three gene expression modules that were significantly associated with the abundances of the different flavonoids in R. roxburghii and identified three structural UDP-glycosyltransferase genes directly involved in the synthesis of quercetin derivatives within these modules. In addition, we found that RrBEH4, RrLBD1 and RrPIF8could significantly increase the expression of downstream quercetin derivative biosynthesis genes. Taken together,these results provide new insights into the metabolism of flavonoids and the accumulation of quercetin derivatives in R. roxburghii.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20420)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Changzhou(No.CJ20235017)In addi-tion,the authors thank Jiangsu Development&Reform Commis-sion for their support.
文摘Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)effectively combine the advantages of high ionic conductivity and re-duce the risk of leakage associated with liquid.In this study,a chemically cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by in-situ polymerization using polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)as a matrix and neopentyl glycol diacrylate(NPGDA)as cross-linking agent.The cross-linked structure of the GPE was preliminarily investigated,as well as the influence of the degree of cross-linking on its phys-ical properties.The GPE exhibited a superior conductivity of 1.391 mS cm^(-1) at 25℃.Herein,the Li|GPE|LiNi_(0.8) Co_(0.1) Mn_(0.1) O_(2) cell has an excellent capacity retention rate of 80.7%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C in addition to a high discharge specific capacity of 203 mAh g^(-1).The structure of the cathode ma-terial is shielded from the production of byproducts during the charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries by the cross-linked PMMA GPE.
基金financially supported by Ningbo S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Program(No.2022Z022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309195)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2023J348)。
文摘The severe volumetric expansion and poor conductivity of silicon when used as anode in lithium-ion batteries present challenges in maintaining the stability of electrochemical performance.Herein,the binding between silicon nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)is achieved by the utilization of sodium alginate(S A),which is then strengthened by the coordination between Ca^(2+)and the carboxyl group(-COO^(-))of SA,resulting in a stable conductive network with ionic transport pathway.The consolidated binding relationship enables silicon-based anode material to possess high mechanical strength and strong deformation resistance,preventing the separation of silicon from CNTs network.Consequently,this silicon-based anode material demonstrates a discharge specific capacity of811 mAh·g^(-1)after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1),and exhibits high rate performance,with a discharge specific capacity of 1612 mAh·g^(-1)at 2 A·g^(-1).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81870459 and 81970572).
文摘The second-to-fourth digit(2D:4D)ratio is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen exposure.However,the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and hypospadias is poorly understood,and its molecular mechanism is not clear.In this study,by analyzing the hand digit length of 142 boys with hypospadias(23 distal,68 middle,and 51 proximal)and 196 controls enrolled in Shanghai Children’s Hospital(Shanghai,China)from December 2020 to December 2021,we found that the 2D:4D ratio was significantly increased in boys with hypospadias(P<0.001)and it was positively correlated with the severity of the hypospadias.This was further verified by the comparison of control mice and prenatal low testosterone mice model obtained by knocking out the risk gene(dynein axonemal heavy chain 8[DNAH8])associated with hypospadias.Furthermore,the discrepancy was mainly caused by a shift in 4D.Proteomic characterization of a mouse model validated that low testosterone levels during pregnancy can impair the growth and development of 4D.Comprehensive mechanistic explorations revealed that during the androgen-sensitive window,the downregulation of the androgen receptor(AR)caused by low testosterone levels,as well as the suppressed expression of chondrocyte proliferation-related genes such as Wnt family member 5a(Wnt5a),Wnt5b,Smad family member 2(Smad2),and Smad3;mitochondrial function-related genes in cartilage such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and nuclear respiratory factor 1(Nrf-1);and vascular development-related genes such as myosin light chain(MLC),notch receptor 3(Notch3),and sphingosine kinase 1(Sphk1),are responsible for the limitation of 4D growth,which results in a higher 2D:4D ratio in boys with hypospadias via decreased endochondral ossification.This study indicates that the ratio of 2D:4D is a risk marker of hypospadias and provides a potential molecular mechanism.
