Dear Editor,With the advances in computing and communication technologies,the cyber-physical system(CPS),has been used in lots of industrial fields,such as the urban water cycle,internet of things,and human-cyber syst...Dear Editor,With the advances in computing and communication technologies,the cyber-physical system(CPS),has been used in lots of industrial fields,such as the urban water cycle,internet of things,and human-cyber systems[1],[2],which has to face up to malicious cyber-attacks towards cyber communication of control commands.Specifically,jamming attack is regarded as one of the most common attacks of decreasing network performance.Game theory is widely regarded as a method of accurately describing the interaction between jamming attacker and legitimate user[3].In the cyber layer,the signal game model has been utilized to describe the transmission between the attacker and defender[4].However,most previous game theoretical researches are not feasible to meet the demands of industrial CPSs mainly due to the shared communication network nature.Specifically,it leads to incomplete information for players of game owing to various network-induced phenomena and employed communication protocols.In the physical layer,the secure control[5]and estimation[6]under attack detection have been studied for CPSs.However,these methods not only rely heavily on signals injection detection,but also have no access to smart attackers who launch covert attacks so that data receivers cannot observe the attack behaviour[7].Accordingly,the motivation arising here is to tackle the nested game problem for CPSs subject to jamming attack.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is ranked as the third most common tumor globally,representing approximately 10%of all cancer cases,and is the second primary cause of cancer-associated mortality.Existing therapeutic approaches ...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is ranked as the third most common tumor globally,representing approximately 10%of all cancer cases,and is the second primary cause of cancer-associated mortality.Existing therapeutic approaches demonstrate limited efficacy against CRC,partially due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).In recent years,substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolic products is closely associated with the initiation,progression,and prognostic outcomes of CRC.In this minireview,we systematically elaborate on how these microbes and their metabolites directly impair intestinal epithelial integrity,activate cancer-associated fibroblasts,remodel tumor vasculature,and critically,sculpt an immunosuppressive landscape by modulating T cells,dendritic cells,and tumor-associated macrophages.We highlight the translational potential of targeting the gut microbiota,including fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,and engineered microbial systems,to reprogram the TME and overcome resistance to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.A deeper understanding of the microbiota-TME axis is essential for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms for CRC.展开更多
While migration is widely recognized as a valid option for improving farmers’ income, the welfare effects of migration on left-behind family members are ambiguous. This study examines the impacts of migration on left...While migration is widely recognized as a valid option for improving farmers’ income, the welfare effects of migration on left-behind family members are ambiguous. This study examines the impacts of migration on left-behind family members’ food consumption and nutrient intake, particularly in remote rural areas in China. Based on household survey data collected from 611 smallholder rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern China, the empirical results suggest that the migration of family members contributes to improving household net income, whereas it negatively affects left-behind family members’ consumption of grain and pork. Migration also leads to a decrease in left-behind family members’ nutrient intake. Surprisingly, the economic returns of farmers’ migration not only do not foster the transformation of household food consumption from a staple food-dominated dietary structure to one including more meat and dairy products but also reduce left-behind family members’ nutrient intake. This study adds to the literature on the impact of farmers’ migration. The findings have important implications for better understanding the impacts of migration on farmers’ livelihood and human capital development in rural China.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants.However,the mechanism of interaction between DOM and...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants.However,the mechanism of interaction between DOM and iron minerals in the microbial degradation of pollutants deserves further investigation.In this study,the mechanism of 17 alphaethinylestradiol(EE2)biodegradation mediated by humic acid(HA)and three kinds of iron minerals(goethite,magnetite,and pyrite)was investigated.The results found that HA and iron minerals significantly accelerated the biodegradation process of EE2,and the highest degradation efficiency of EE2(48%)was observed in the HA-mediated microbial system with pyrite under aerobic conditions.Furthermore,it had been demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals(HO·)was the main active substance responsible for the microbial degradation of EE2.HO·is primarily generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide secreted by microorganisms and Fe(II),with aerobic conditions being more conducive.The presence of iron minerals and HA could change the microbial communities in the EE2 biodegradation system.These findings provide new information for exploring the migration and transformation of pollutants by microorganisms in iron-rich environments.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide and remains a major treatment challenge,particularly in advanced and metastatic stages.Current standard treatments have limited efficacy,underscoring the...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide and remains a major treatment challenge,particularly in advanced and metastatic stages.Current standard treatments have limited efficacy,underscoring the urgent need for innovative strategies.Adoptive cell therapy(ACT),which involves in vitro expansion or genetic engineering of immune cells,is a promising approach to bolster anti-tumor immune responses.Key ACT modalities include chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells,tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),and T cell receptor(TCR)-engineered T cells.CAR-T cell therapy has shown success in hematological malignancies but faces significant challenges in solid tumors like CRC.These challenges include antigen heterogeneity,an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,on-target off-tumor toxicity,among other factors.To address these limitations,combinatorial approaches,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors,cytokines,and advanced gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9,are being actively explored.These strategies aim to enhance CAR-T cell specificity,improve resistance to immunosuppressive signals,and optimize in vivo functionality.This review summarizes ACT approaches for CRC,with a focus on CAR-T therapy.It briefly introduces TILs and TCR-T cells,while emphasizing the major challenges faced by CAR-T therapy in solid tumors and discusses potential strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS)is a therapeutic option for acute variceal bleeding(AVB),offering a low risk of rebleeding.However,the long-term outcomes of early TIPS remain uncle...BACKGROUND Early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS)is a therapeutic option for acute variceal bleeding(AVB),offering a low risk of rebleeding.However,the long-term outcomes of early TIPS remain unclear.AIM To evaluate the long-term outcomes for early TIPS compared with standard treatment in patients with cirrhosis and AVB.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with AVB who underwent early TIPS or standard treatment between January 2014 and December 2023.The primary outcome was overall survival(OS).RESULTS A total of 37 patients with AVB underwent early TIPS,while 65 patients received standard treatment.Compared with the standard treatment group,the rates of uncontrolled bleeding or rebleeding in the early TIPS group were significantly lower(10.8%vs 50.8%,P<0.001).Over a median follow-up of 46 months,no statistically significant differences were observed in terms of OS(P=0.507).The presence of comorbidities was identified as an independent predictor of OS(adjusted hazard ratio=3.81;95%confidence interval:1.16-12.46).Notably,new or worsening ascites occurred less frequently in the early TIPS group(13.5%vs 38.5%,P=0.008).There was no significant difference in the rate of overt hepatic encephalopathy between the two groups(45.9%vs 36.9%,P=0.372).CONCLUSION While early TIPS is not associated with a long-term survival benefit compared with standard treatment for AVB,it is associated with reduced risks of rebleeding and ascites.展开更多
A study published by Teerasarntipan et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology provides valuable insights into prognostic scoring for acute liver failure and inhospital mortality in patients with dengue-induced se...A study published by Teerasarntipan et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology provides valuable insights into prognostic scoring for acute liver failure and inhospital mortality in patients with dengue-induced severe hepatitis.Their findings validate the model for end-stage liver disease score as the most reliable predictor while demonstrating the utility of the simpler Easy Albumin-Bilirubin score.Despite these findings,current prognostic models face limitations in realworld clinical applications.This letter discusses the strengths and weaknesses of current prognostic models,proposes future directions for improving prognostic accuracy and clinical implementations.This letter also broadens the horizons of prognostic models for liver dysfunction caused by other viral infections.展开更多
Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common respiratory emergency,but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures.Our pr...Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common respiratory emergency,but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures.Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS,but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns.Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance,thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models.Coral calcium hydrogenation(CCH)is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium(CC).Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS remains unstudied.In this study,we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice.The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable,demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group.CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema,and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice.CCH promoted mitochondrial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2(Trx2),improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS,and reduced oxidative stress damage.The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.展开更多
The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)serves as a fundamental half–reaction in the electrolysis of water for hydrogen production,which is restricted by the sluggish OER reaction kinetics and unable to be practically appl...The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)serves as a fundamental half–reaction in the electrolysis of water for hydrogen production,which is restricted by the sluggish OER reaction kinetics and unable to be practically applied.The traditional lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism(LOM)offers an advantageous route by circumventing the formation of M-OOH^(*)in the adsorption evolution mechanism(AEM),thus enhancing the reaction kinetics of the OER but resulting in possible structural destabilization due to the decreased M–O bond order.Fortunately,the asymmetry of tetrahedral and octahedral sites in transition metal spinel oxides permits the existence of non-bonding oxygen,which could be activated by rational band structure design for direct O-O coupling,where the M–O bond maintains its initial bond order.Here,non-bonding oxygen was introduced into NiFe_(2)O_(4)via annealing in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.Then,in-situ grown sulfate species on octahedral nickel sites significantly improved the reactivity of the non-bonding oxygen electrons,thereby facilitating the transformation of the redox center from metal to oxygen.LOM based on non-bonding oxygen(LOMNB)was successfully activated within NiFe_(2)O_(4),exhibiting a low overpotential of 206 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and excellent durability of stable operation for over 150 h.Additionally,catalysts featuring varying band structures were synthesized for comparative analysis,and it was found that the reversible redox processes of non-bonding oxygen and the accumulation of non-bonding oxygen species containing 2p holes are critical prerequisites for triggering and sustaining the LOMNB pathway in transition metal spinel oxides.These findings may provide valuable insights for the future development of spinel-oxide-based LOM catalysts.展开更多
This letter is a commentary on the findings of Huang et al,who emphasize the prognostic value of tumor location in gastric cancer.Analyzing data from 3287 patients using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox models,the au...This letter is a commentary on the findings of Huang et al,who emphasize the prognostic value of tumor location in gastric cancer.Analyzing data from 3287 patients using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox models,the authors found that the tumor location correlated with patient prognosis following surgery.Patients with tumors situated nearer to the stomach’s proximal end were associated with shorter survival periods and poorer outcomes.Notably,gender-based differences in tumor markers,particularly carbohydrate antigen 72-4,further highlight the need for sex-specific influence on the tumor location.Despite increasing recognition of tumor location as a prognostic factor,its role remains unclear in clinical prediction models for various cancers.This letter highlights the potential of incorporating tumor location into artificial intelligence-based prognostic tools to enhance prognostic models.It also outlines a stepwise framework for developing these models,from retrospective training to prospective multicenter validation and clinical implementation.In addition,it addresses the technical,ethical,and interoperability challenges critical to successful real-world prognosis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the value of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Expression of IL-8 and its receptor CXCR1 was assessed by immunohistochem...AIM: To investigate the value of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Expression of IL-8 and its receptor CXCR1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients. Human pancreatic cancer tissues were heterotopically transplanted to the immune-deficiency mice to evaluate the effect of serum IL-8 on the tumorigenesis of the cancer samples.RESULTS: IL-8 and CXCR1 proteins were both overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples (55.6% and 65.4%, respectively) compared with the matched para-cancer tissues (25.9% and 12.3%, P < 0.01), or chronic pancreatitis (0% and 25%, P < 0.05). Serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients (271.1 ± 187.7 ng/mL) were higher than in other digestive system tumors, such as gastric cancer (41.77 ± 9.11 ng/mL, P = 0.025), colorectal carcinoma (78.72 ± 80.60 ng/mL, P = 0.032) and hepatocellular carcinoma (59.60 ± 19.80 ng/mL, P = 0.016). In vivo tumorigenesis analysis further proved that tumor tissues from patients with higher serum IL-8 levels grew faster than those with lower IL-8 levels. CONCLUSION: IL-8 can be a fine serum marker for predicting the prognosis pancreatic cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173136)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ2013,2021JJ50047).
文摘Dear Editor,With the advances in computing and communication technologies,the cyber-physical system(CPS),has been used in lots of industrial fields,such as the urban water cycle,internet of things,and human-cyber systems[1],[2],which has to face up to malicious cyber-attacks towards cyber communication of control commands.Specifically,jamming attack is regarded as one of the most common attacks of decreasing network performance.Game theory is widely regarded as a method of accurately describing the interaction between jamming attacker and legitimate user[3].In the cyber layer,the signal game model has been utilized to describe the transmission between the attacker and defender[4].However,most previous game theoretical researches are not feasible to meet the demands of industrial CPSs mainly due to the shared communication network nature.Specifically,it leads to incomplete information for players of game owing to various network-induced phenomena and employed communication protocols.In the physical layer,the secure control[5]and estimation[6]under attack detection have been studied for CPSs.However,these methods not only rely heavily on signals injection detection,but also have no access to smart attackers who launch covert attacks so that data receivers cannot observe the attack behaviour[7].Accordingly,the motivation arising here is to tackle the nested game problem for CPSs subject to jamming attack.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170638Natural Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.23ZR1458300+1 种基金Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Health System,No.2024ZDXK0004and Pujiang Project of Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan,No.24PJD098.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is ranked as the third most common tumor globally,representing approximately 10%of all cancer cases,and is the second primary cause of cancer-associated mortality.Existing therapeutic approaches demonstrate limited efficacy against CRC,partially due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).In recent years,substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolic products is closely associated with the initiation,progression,and prognostic outcomes of CRC.In this minireview,we systematically elaborate on how these microbes and their metabolites directly impair intestinal epithelial integrity,activate cancer-associated fibroblasts,remodel tumor vasculature,and critically,sculpt an immunosuppressive landscape by modulating T cells,dendritic cells,and tumor-associated macrophages.We highlight the translational potential of targeting the gut microbiota,including fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,and engineered microbial systems,to reprogram the TME and overcome resistance to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.A deeper understanding of the microbiota-TME axis is essential for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms for CRC.
基金conducted under the framework of the Sino-German “SURUMER Project” funded by the Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Technologie und Forschung (BMBF 01LL0919)+1 种基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M620536)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71742002, 71673008, and 71761137002)
文摘While migration is widely recognized as a valid option for improving farmers’ income, the welfare effects of migration on left-behind family members are ambiguous. This study examines the impacts of migration on left-behind family members’ food consumption and nutrient intake, particularly in remote rural areas in China. Based on household survey data collected from 611 smallholder rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern China, the empirical results suggest that the migration of family members contributes to improving household net income, whereas it negatively affects left-behind family members’ consumption of grain and pork. Migration also leads to a decrease in left-behind family members’ nutrient intake. Surprisingly, the economic returns of farmers’ migration not only do not foster the transformation of household food consumption from a staple food-dominated dietary structure to one including more meat and dairy products but also reduce left-behind family members’ nutrient intake. This study adds to the literature on the impact of farmers’ migration. The findings have important implications for better understanding the impacts of migration on farmers’ livelihood and human capital development in rural China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207450,21866017,and 42067056)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101BE070001-013)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents of Yunnan Province(No.202101AV070006)。
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants.However,the mechanism of interaction between DOM and iron minerals in the microbial degradation of pollutants deserves further investigation.In this study,the mechanism of 17 alphaethinylestradiol(EE2)biodegradation mediated by humic acid(HA)and three kinds of iron minerals(goethite,magnetite,and pyrite)was investigated.The results found that HA and iron minerals significantly accelerated the biodegradation process of EE2,and the highest degradation efficiency of EE2(48%)was observed in the HA-mediated microbial system with pyrite under aerobic conditions.Furthermore,it had been demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals(HO·)was the main active substance responsible for the microbial degradation of EE2.HO·is primarily generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide secreted by microorganisms and Fe(II),with aerobic conditions being more conducive.The presence of iron minerals and HA could change the microbial communities in the EE2 biodegradation system.These findings provide new information for exploring the migration and transformation of pollutants by microorganisms in iron-rich environments.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China,No.23ZR1458300Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Health System,China,No.2024ZDXK0004+1 种基金Doctoral Innovation Talent Base Project for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases,China,No.RCJD2021B02Pujiang Project of Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan,China,No.24PJD098.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide and remains a major treatment challenge,particularly in advanced and metastatic stages.Current standard treatments have limited efficacy,underscoring the urgent need for innovative strategies.Adoptive cell therapy(ACT),which involves in vitro expansion or genetic engineering of immune cells,is a promising approach to bolster anti-tumor immune responses.Key ACT modalities include chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells,tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),and T cell receptor(TCR)-engineered T cells.CAR-T cell therapy has shown success in hematological malignancies but faces significant challenges in solid tumors like CRC.These challenges include antigen heterogeneity,an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,on-target off-tumor toxicity,among other factors.To address these limitations,combinatorial approaches,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors,cytokines,and advanced gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9,are being actively explored.These strategies aim to enhance CAR-T cell specificity,improve resistance to immunosuppressive signals,and optimize in vivo functionality.This review summarizes ACT approaches for CRC,with a focus on CAR-T therapy.It briefly introduces TILs and TCR-T cells,while emphasizing the major challenges faced by CAR-T therapy in solid tumors and discusses potential strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.23ZR1458300the Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Health System,No.2024ZDXK0004the Doctoral Innovation Talent Base Project for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases,No.RCJD2021B02.
文摘BACKGROUND Early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS)is a therapeutic option for acute variceal bleeding(AVB),offering a low risk of rebleeding.However,the long-term outcomes of early TIPS remain unclear.AIM To evaluate the long-term outcomes for early TIPS compared with standard treatment in patients with cirrhosis and AVB.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with AVB who underwent early TIPS or standard treatment between January 2014 and December 2023.The primary outcome was overall survival(OS).RESULTS A total of 37 patients with AVB underwent early TIPS,while 65 patients received standard treatment.Compared with the standard treatment group,the rates of uncontrolled bleeding or rebleeding in the early TIPS group were significantly lower(10.8%vs 50.8%,P<0.001).Over a median follow-up of 46 months,no statistically significant differences were observed in terms of OS(P=0.507).The presence of comorbidities was identified as an independent predictor of OS(adjusted hazard ratio=3.81;95%confidence interval:1.16-12.46).Notably,new or worsening ascites occurred less frequently in the early TIPS group(13.5%vs 38.5%,P=0.008).There was no significant difference in the rate of overt hepatic encephalopathy between the two groups(45.9%vs 36.9%,P=0.372).CONCLUSION While early TIPS is not associated with a long-term survival benefit compared with standard treatment for AVB,it is associated with reduced risks of rebleeding and ascites.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.23ZR1458300Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Health System,No.2024ZDXK0004+1 种基金Doctoral Innovation Talent Base Project for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases,No.RCJD2021B02Pujiang Project of Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan,No.24PJD098.
文摘A study published by Teerasarntipan et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology provides valuable insights into prognostic scoring for acute liver failure and inhospital mortality in patients with dengue-induced severe hepatitis.Their findings validate the model for end-stage liver disease score as the most reliable predictor while demonstrating the utility of the simpler Easy Albumin-Bilirubin score.Despite these findings,current prognostic models face limitations in realworld clinical applications.This letter discusses the strengths and weaknesses of current prognostic models,proposes future directions for improving prognostic accuracy and clinical implementations.This letter also broadens the horizons of prognostic models for liver dysfunction caused by other viral infections.
基金supported by the Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project,China(Project No.:YKK23221)Open Project of Immune Cell Translational Research Center of Jiangning Hospital,Nanjing Medical University,China(Project No.:JNYYZXKY202216)+1 种基金General Project of Medical Education Collaborative Innovation Fund of Jiangsu University,China(Project No.:JDYY2023094)China Red Cross Foundation Medical Empowerment Charity Special Fund Project(Project No.:CRCF-YXFN-202302028).
文摘Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common respiratory emergency,but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures.Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS,but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns.Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance,thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models.Coral calcium hydrogenation(CCH)is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium(CC).Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS remains unstudied.In this study,we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice.The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable,demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group.CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema,and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice.CCH promoted mitochondrial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2(Trx2),improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS,and reduced oxidative stress damage.The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.
文摘The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)serves as a fundamental half–reaction in the electrolysis of water for hydrogen production,which is restricted by the sluggish OER reaction kinetics and unable to be practically applied.The traditional lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism(LOM)offers an advantageous route by circumventing the formation of M-OOH^(*)in the adsorption evolution mechanism(AEM),thus enhancing the reaction kinetics of the OER but resulting in possible structural destabilization due to the decreased M–O bond order.Fortunately,the asymmetry of tetrahedral and octahedral sites in transition metal spinel oxides permits the existence of non-bonding oxygen,which could be activated by rational band structure design for direct O-O coupling,where the M–O bond maintains its initial bond order.Here,non-bonding oxygen was introduced into NiFe_(2)O_(4)via annealing in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.Then,in-situ grown sulfate species on octahedral nickel sites significantly improved the reactivity of the non-bonding oxygen electrons,thereby facilitating the transformation of the redox center from metal to oxygen.LOM based on non-bonding oxygen(LOMNB)was successfully activated within NiFe_(2)O_(4),exhibiting a low overpotential of 206 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and excellent durability of stable operation for over 150 h.Additionally,catalysts featuring varying band structures were synthesized for comparative analysis,and it was found that the reversible redox processes of non-bonding oxygen and the accumulation of non-bonding oxygen species containing 2p holes are critical prerequisites for triggering and sustaining the LOMNB pathway in transition metal spinel oxides.These findings may provide valuable insights for the future development of spinel-oxide-based LOM catalysts.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.23ZR1458300Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Health System,No.2024ZDXK0004+1 种基金Doctoral Innovation Talent Base Project for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases,No.RCJD2021B02Pujiang Project of Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan,No.24PJD098.
文摘This letter is a commentary on the findings of Huang et al,who emphasize the prognostic value of tumor location in gastric cancer.Analyzing data from 3287 patients using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox models,the authors found that the tumor location correlated with patient prognosis following surgery.Patients with tumors situated nearer to the stomach’s proximal end were associated with shorter survival periods and poorer outcomes.Notably,gender-based differences in tumor markers,particularly carbohydrate antigen 72-4,further highlight the need for sex-specific influence on the tumor location.Despite increasing recognition of tumor location as a prognostic factor,its role remains unclear in clinical prediction models for various cancers.This letter highlights the potential of incorporating tumor location into artificial intelligence-based prognostic tools to enhance prognostic models.It also outlines a stepwise framework for developing these models,from retrospective training to prospective multicenter validation and clinical implementation.In addition,it addresses the technical,ethical,and interoperability challenges critical to successful real-world prognosis.
基金Supported by The National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs of China, No. 2006BAI02A14National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30770996 and No. 30901776
文摘AIM: To investigate the value of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Expression of IL-8 and its receptor CXCR1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients. Human pancreatic cancer tissues were heterotopically transplanted to the immune-deficiency mice to evaluate the effect of serum IL-8 on the tumorigenesis of the cancer samples.RESULTS: IL-8 and CXCR1 proteins were both overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples (55.6% and 65.4%, respectively) compared with the matched para-cancer tissues (25.9% and 12.3%, P < 0.01), or chronic pancreatitis (0% and 25%, P < 0.05). Serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients (271.1 ± 187.7 ng/mL) were higher than in other digestive system tumors, such as gastric cancer (41.77 ± 9.11 ng/mL, P = 0.025), colorectal carcinoma (78.72 ± 80.60 ng/mL, P = 0.032) and hepatocellular carcinoma (59.60 ± 19.80 ng/mL, P = 0.016). In vivo tumorigenesis analysis further proved that tumor tissues from patients with higher serum IL-8 levels grew faster than those with lower IL-8 levels. CONCLUSION: IL-8 can be a fine serum marker for predicting the prognosis pancreatic cancer.
