Recovery of phosphorus(P)from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources.At present,the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when ob...Recovery of phosphorus(P)from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources.At present,the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution.This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm.A biofilm sequencing batch reactor(BSBR)process was modified to treat synthetic wastewater.The effect of the dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration on the P storage capacity of the biofilm was investigated at DO concentrations of DO 3.5 mg/L(P_(L))and DO 6.5 mg/L(P_(H)).The results showed a maximum P storage of 101.2 and 149.6 mg-P/g-mixed liquid suspended solids under the two conditions.Strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm resulted in a net increase in the P recovery rate,which was as high as 66.96%in a harvesting cycle,and total soluble P>220 mg/L in the P recovery solution was successfully achieved.Meanwhile,the carbon cost of P recovery in the BSBR was reduced to 41.57 g-chemical oxygen demand/gP,and the carbon utilization efficiency was enhanced.To highlight the new strategy,the P recovery performance of the BSBR was given and the relationship between P content and anaerobic P release was discussed.In addition,the changes in the microbial communities under P_(L) and P_(H) conditions were analyzed.展开更多
The human RNA methyltransferase like i gene(RNMTL1)is one of thirteen newly discovered geneswithin a 116 Kb segment of the chromosome 17p13.3 that suffers from a high frequent loss of heterozygosityin human hepatocell...The human RNA methyltransferase like i gene(RNMTL1)is one of thirteen newly discovered geneswithin a 116 Kb segment of the chromosome 17p13.3 that suffers from a high frequent loss of heterozygosityin human hepatocellular carcinoma in China[1-5].To understand the molecular mechanisms underlyingtranscription control of the RNMTL1 gene in human cancers,we decline using of the conventional approachwhere the cis-elements bound by the known transcription factors are primary targets,and carried out thesystematic analyses to dissect the promoter structure and identify/characterize the key cis-elements thatare responsible for its strong expression in cell.The molecular approaches applied included 1,the primerextension for mapping of the transcription starts;2,the transient transfection/reporter assays on a largenumber of deletion and site-specific mutants of the promoter segment for defining the minimal promoterand the crucial elements within;and 3,the electrophoresis mobility shift assay with specific antibodies forreconfirming the nature of the transcription factors and their cognate cis-elements.We have shown that theinteraction of an ATF/CREB element(-38 to-31)and its cognate transcription factors play a predominantrole in the promoter activity of the RNMTL1 gene.The secondary DNA structures of the ATF/CREBelement play a more vital role in the protein-DNA interaction.Finally,we reported a novel mechanismunderlying the YY1 mediated transcription repression,namely,the ATF/CREB dependent transcription-repression by YY1 is executed in absence of its own sequence-specific binding.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of SPHK1 in the invasion and metastasis process of non-small-cell lung cancer cells(A549).Methods:Recombinant retrovirus was used to mediate the production of A5...Objective:To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of SPHK1 in the invasion and metastasis process of non-small-cell lung cancer cells(A549).Methods:Recombinant retrovirus was used to mediate the production of A549/vector,A549/SPHK1,A549/scramble,and A549/SPHK1/RNAi that stably expressed or silenced SPHK1.The invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells overexpressing or silencing SPHK1 were determined using Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiment.The protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin,fibronectin,vimentin in A549/vector,A549/SPHK1,A549/scramble,A549/SPHK1/RNAi were detected with Western blot(WB) and quantitative PCR(QPCR) methods,respectively.Results:Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiments showed that over-expression of SPHK1 obviously enhanced the invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells.WB and QPCR detection results showed that,the expression of E-cadherin(a molecular marker of epithelial cells) and fibronectin,vimentin(molecular markers of mesenchymal cells) in A549 cells was upregulated after overexpression of SPHK1;while SPHK1 silencing significantly reduced the invasion and metastasis capacities of A549 cells,upregulated the expression of molecular marker of epithelial cells,and downregulated the expression of molecular marker of mesenchymal cells.Conclusions:SPHK1 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells and affects the invasion and metastasis capacities of these cells.展开更多
Plants become photosynthetic through de-etiolation, a developmental process regulated by red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and blue/ultraviolet A light-absorbing cryptochromes. Genetic screens have identified i...Plants become photosynthetic through de-etiolation, a developmental process regulated by red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and blue/ultraviolet A light-absorbing cryptochromes. Genetic screens have identified in the last decade many far-red light signaling mutants and several red and blue light signaling mutants, suggesting the existence of distinct red, far-red, or blue light signaling pathways downstream of phytochromes and cryptochromes. However, genetic screens have also identified mutants with defective de-etiolation responses under multiple wavelengths. Thus, the opti- mal de-etiolation responses of a plant depend on coordination among the different light signaling pathways. This review intends to discuss several recently identified signaling components that have a potential role to integrate red, far-red, and blue light signalings. This review also highlights the recent discoveries on proteolytic degradation in the desensitization of light signal transmission, and the tight connection of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm. Studies on the controlling mechanisms of de-etiolation, photoperiodic flowering, and circadian rhythm have been the fascinating topics in Arabidopsis research. The knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis can be readily applied to food crops and ornamental species, and can be contributed to our general understanding of signal perception and transduction in all organisms.展开更多
The agricultural science and technology park is a demonstration carrier for the assembly and integration of agricultural technology,the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the modern agricu...The agricultural science and technology park is a demonstration carrier for the assembly and integration of agricultural technology,the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the modern agricultural production. It is an inevitable choice and important way to realize the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. This paper reviewed the construction background,functional characteristics and development history of agricultural science and technology parks. It analyzed the current development situations of the provincial agricultural science and technology parks in Jiangyang District,Luzhou City of Sichuan Province. Then,it summarized its experience in park construction and compared with surrounding national and provincial agricultural science and technology parks. It found existing problems including insufficient industry-university-research integration,low level of agricultural intensification,weak functions of public service platforms and brand effect,and insufficient exploration of tourism resources. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations for development of agricultural Sci-Tech Park District of Luzhou City,including gathering scientific and technological resources,enhancing scientific and technological support,strengthening the high-quality development of the park economy,and building a national 4 A-level excellent scenic spot.展开更多
Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices.However,these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses.Significant efforts have been made to ach...Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices.However,these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses.Significant efforts have been made to achieve high quality-factor(Q-factor)resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces,particularly through surface lattice resonances(SLRs)and bound states in the continuum(BICs).Despite these advances,a direct comparison between these two mechanisms remains unexplored.Here,we report a reusable plasmonic metasurface that supports multiple high-Q resonances by leveraging hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes.By systematically tuning the lattice constant and dielectric cladding thickness,we achieve substantial Q-factor enhancements of both SLRs and BICs in a monolithic device with a small footprint of 200μm×200μm by using an incoherent light source.A direct comparison between these two resonances is also discussed.This high-Q performance holds significant promise for applications in sensing,lasing,and nonlinear and quantum optics,paving the way for the development of next-generation nanophotonic devices.展开更多
The crosstalk between clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)and the autophagy pathway has been reported in mammals;however,the interconnection of CME with autophagy has not been established in plants.Here,we report that t...The crosstalk between clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)and the autophagy pathway has been reported in mammals;however,the interconnection of CME with autophagy has not been established in plants.Here,we report that the Arabidopsis CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN(CLC)subunit 2 and 3 double mutant,clc2-1 clc3-1,phenocopies Arabidopsis AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENE(ATG)mutants in both autoimmunity and nutrient sensitivity.Accordingly,the autophagy pathway is significantly compromised in the clc2-1 clc3-1 mutant.Interestingly,multiple assays demonstrate that CLC2 directly interacts with ATG8h/ATG8i in a domain-specific manner.As expected,both GFP-ATG8h/GFP-ATG8i and CLC2-GFP are subjected to autophagic degradation,and degradation of GFP-ATG8h is significantly reduced in the clc2-1 clc3-1 mutant.Notably,simultaneous knockout of ATG8h and ATG8i by CRISPR-Cas9 results in enhanced resistance against Golovinomyces cichoracearum,supporting the functional relevance of the CLC2-ATG8h/8i interactions.In conclusion,our results reveal a link between the function of CLCs and the autophagy pathway in Arabidopsis.展开更多
The exceptional point(EP),a degenerate point within non-Hermitian parametric space,has attracted considerable attention,especially for its chiral responses.However,achieving ideal circular dichroism(CD)remains challen...The exceptional point(EP),a degenerate point within non-Hermitian parametric space,has attracted considerable attention,especially for its chiral responses.However,achieving ideal circular dichroism(CD)remains challenging due to the existence of parallel components at the EP.Here,we delve into the theoretical condition required to attain a zero-transmission parallel component.This condition,together with the chiral EP condition,leads to a point characterized by near-unity CD,termed the super chiral EP(SCEP).To illustrate our theoretical framework,we introduce a parity-time symmetric metasurface with gain and loss.The observation of SCEP is demonstrated by tuning both the coupling strength and gain–loss ratio.Furthermore,we explore distinctive properties of SCEP,including phase flip and unidirectional invisibility.Leveraging SCEP and the topological phase transition point,we achieve polarization states across the entire Poincarésurface.This work opens avenues for potential applications in polarizing optical elements,holography,logic gates,chiral molecular detection,ultrasensitive sensing,and polarization-sensitive imaging.展开更多
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),which is previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a major health concern worldwide with limited therapy.Here,we provide evidence that ferr...Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),which is previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a major health concern worldwide with limited therapy.Here,we provide evidence that ferroptosis,a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-driven lipid peroxidation,was comprehensively activated in liver tissues from MAFLD patients.The canonical-GPX4(cGPX4),which is the most important negative controller of ferroptosis,is downregulated at protein but not mRNA level.Interestingly,a non-canonical GPX4 transcript-variant is induced(inducible-GPX4,iGPX4)in MAFLD condition.The high fat-fructose/sucrose diet(HFFD)and methionine/choline-deficient diet(MCD)-induced MAFLD pathologies,including hepatocellular ballooning,steatohepatitis andfibrosis,were attenuated and aggravated,respectively,in cGPX4-and iGPX4-knockin mice.cGPX4 and iGPX4 isoforms also displayed opposing effects on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hepatocytes.Knockdown of iGPX4 by siRNA alleviated lipid stress,ferroptosis and cell injury.Mechanistically,the triggered iGPX4 interacts with cGPX4 to facilitate the transformation of cGPX4 from enzymatic-active monomer to enzymatic-inactive oligomers upon lipid stress,and thus promotes ferroptosis.Co-immunoprecipitation and nano LC–MS/MS analyses confirmed the interaction between iGPX4 and cGPX4.Our results reveal a detrimental role of non-canonical GPX4 isoform in ferroptosis,and indicate selectively targeting iGPX4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.展开更多
WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory function...WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory functions of two WRKY proteins in photomorphogenesis and PIF4 expression.PIF4 is a critical signaling hub in light,temperature,and hormonal signaling pathways.Either its expression or its accumulation peaks in the morning and afternoon.WRKY2 and WRKY10 form heterodimers and recognize their target site in the PIF4 promoter near the MYB element that is bound by CCA1 and LHY under red and blue light.WRKY2 and WRKY10 interact directly with CCA1/LHY to enhance their targeting but interact indirectly with SHB1.The two WRKY proteins also interact with phyB,and their interaction enhances the targeting of CCA1 and LHY to the PIF4 promoter.SHB1 associates with theWRKY2 andWRKY10 loci and enhances their expression in parallel with the PIF4 expression peaks.This forward regulatory loop further sustains the accumulation of the two WRKY proteins and the targeting of CCA1/LHY to the PIF4 locus.In summary,interactions of two WRKY proteins with CCA1/LHY and phyB maintain an optimal expression level of PIF4 toward noon and afternoon,which is essential to sketch the circadian pattern of PIF4 expression.展开更多
Evolution is driven by various mechanisms.A directional increase in the embryo to endosperm ratio is an evolutionary trend within the angiosperms.The endosperm constitutes a major portion of the seed volume in Poales ...Evolution is driven by various mechanisms.A directional increase in the embryo to endosperm ratio is an evolutionary trend within the angiosperms.The endosperm constitutes a major portion of the seed volume in Poales and some dicots.However,in other dicots such as Arabidopsis and soybean,the endosperm proliferates early,followed by embryo growth to replace the endosperm.The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase AtHAIKU2(AtIKU2)is a key regulator of early endosperm proliferation.In this study,we found that IKU2s from Brachypodium,rice,and soybean can complement the abnormal seed developmental phenotype of Atiku2,while AtIKU2 also rescues the defective endosperm proliferation in the Brachypodium BdIKU2 knockout mutant seeds.AtIKU2 and soybean GmIKU2 are actively expressed a few days after fertilization.Thereafter,expression of AtIKU2 is suppressed by the FIS-PRC2 complex-mediated H3K27me3.The soybean GmIKU2 locus is also enriched with H3K27me3 marks.The histone methyltransferase AtMEA is unique to Brassicaceae,but one GmSWN in soybean plays a similar role in seed development as AtMEA.By contrast,the BdIKU2 and rice OsIKU2 loci are continuously expressed and are devoid of H3K27me3 marks.Taken together,these results suggest that IKU2 genes retain an ancestral function,but the duration of their expression that is controlled by PRC2-mediated epigenetic silencing contributes to silenced or persistent endosperm proliferation in different species.Our study reveals an epigenetic mechanism that drives the development of vastly different seed ontogenies.展开更多
Spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression by polycomb repressive complex 2(PRc2)is critical for animal and plant development.The Arabidopsis fertilization independent seed(FIS)-PRC2 complex functions specifically d...Spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression by polycomb repressive complex 2(PRc2)is critical for animal and plant development.The Arabidopsis fertilization independent seed(FIS)-PRC2 complex functions specifically during plant reproduction from gametogenesis to seed development.After a double fertilization event,triploid endosperm proliferates early,followed by the growth of a diploid embryo,which replaces the endosperm in Arabidopsis and many dicots.Key genes critical for endosperm proliferation such as IKkU2 and MINI3 are activated after fertilization.Here we report that two MADS-box AGAMOUS-LIKE(AGL)proteins associate with the key endosperm proliferation loci and recruit the FIS-PRC2 repressive complex at 4-5 days after pollination(DAP).Interestingly,AGL9 and AGL15 only accumulate toward the end of endosperm proliferation at 4-5 DAP and promote the deposition of H3K27me3 marks at key endosperm proliferation loci.Disruption of AGL9 and AGL15 or overexpression of AGL9 or AGL15 significantly influence endosperm proliferation and cellularization.Genome-wide analysis with cleavage Under Targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed the landscape of endosperm H3K27me3 marks and gene expression profiles in Col-0 and agl9 agl15.CUT&Tag qPCR also demonstrated the occupancy of the two MADS-box proteins and FIS-PRC2 on a few representative target loci.Our studies suggest that MADS-box proteins could potentially recruit PRc2 to regulate many other developmental processes in plants or even in fungi and animals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778390,51938010)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20171219)+1 种基金the Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX19_2032)Financial support was also provided by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material of Jiangsu Province and the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology。
文摘Recovery of phosphorus(P)from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources.At present,the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution.This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm.A biofilm sequencing batch reactor(BSBR)process was modified to treat synthetic wastewater.The effect of the dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration on the P storage capacity of the biofilm was investigated at DO concentrations of DO 3.5 mg/L(P_(L))and DO 6.5 mg/L(P_(H)).The results showed a maximum P storage of 101.2 and 149.6 mg-P/g-mixed liquid suspended solids under the two conditions.Strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm resulted in a net increase in the P recovery rate,which was as high as 66.96%in a harvesting cycle,and total soluble P>220 mg/L in the P recovery solution was successfully achieved.Meanwhile,the carbon cost of P recovery in the BSBR was reduced to 41.57 g-chemical oxygen demand/gP,and the carbon utilization efficiency was enhanced.To highlight the new strategy,the P recovery performance of the BSBR was given and the relationship between P content and anaerobic P release was discussed.In addition,the changes in the microbial communities under P_(L) and P_(H) conditions were analyzed.
文摘The human RNA methyltransferase like i gene(RNMTL1)is one of thirteen newly discovered geneswithin a 116 Kb segment of the chromosome 17p13.3 that suffers from a high frequent loss of heterozygosityin human hepatocellular carcinoma in China[1-5].To understand the molecular mechanisms underlyingtranscription control of the RNMTL1 gene in human cancers,we decline using of the conventional approachwhere the cis-elements bound by the known transcription factors are primary targets,and carried out thesystematic analyses to dissect the promoter structure and identify/characterize the key cis-elements thatare responsible for its strong expression in cell.The molecular approaches applied included 1,the primerextension for mapping of the transcription starts;2,the transient transfection/reporter assays on a largenumber of deletion and site-specific mutants of the promoter segment for defining the minimal promoterand the crucial elements within;and 3,the electrophoresis mobility shift assay with specific antibodies forreconfirming the nature of the transcription factors and their cognate cis-elements.We have shown that theinteraction of an ATF/CREB element(-38 to-31)and its cognate transcription factors play a predominantrole in the promoter activity of the RNMTL1 gene.The secondary DNA structures of the ATF/CREBelement play a more vital role in the protein-DNA interaction.Finally,we reported a novel mechanismunderlying the YY1 mediated transcription repression,namely,the ATF/CREB dependent transcription-repression by YY1 is executed in absence of its own sequence-specific binding.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Hunan Provincial Edueation Department with the number of 13A103
文摘Objective:To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of SPHK1 in the invasion and metastasis process of non-small-cell lung cancer cells(A549).Methods:Recombinant retrovirus was used to mediate the production of A549/vector,A549/SPHK1,A549/scramble,and A549/SPHK1/RNAi that stably expressed or silenced SPHK1.The invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells overexpressing or silencing SPHK1 were determined using Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiment.The protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin,fibronectin,vimentin in A549/vector,A549/SPHK1,A549/scramble,A549/SPHK1/RNAi were detected with Western blot(WB) and quantitative PCR(QPCR) methods,respectively.Results:Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiments showed that over-expression of SPHK1 obviously enhanced the invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells.WB and QPCR detection results showed that,the expression of E-cadherin(a molecular marker of epithelial cells) and fibronectin,vimentin(molecular markers of mesenchymal cells) in A549 cells was upregulated after overexpression of SPHK1;while SPHK1 silencing significantly reduced the invasion and metastasis capacities of A549 cells,upregulated the expression of molecular marker of epithelial cells,and downregulated the expression of molecular marker of mesenchymal cells.Conclusions:SPHK1 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells and affects the invasion and metastasis capacities of these cells.
文摘Plants become photosynthetic through de-etiolation, a developmental process regulated by red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and blue/ultraviolet A light-absorbing cryptochromes. Genetic screens have identified in the last decade many far-red light signaling mutants and several red and blue light signaling mutants, suggesting the existence of distinct red, far-red, or blue light signaling pathways downstream of phytochromes and cryptochromes. However, genetic screens have also identified mutants with defective de-etiolation responses under multiple wavelengths. Thus, the opti- mal de-etiolation responses of a plant depend on coordination among the different light signaling pathways. This review intends to discuss several recently identified signaling components that have a potential role to integrate red, far-red, and blue light signalings. This review also highlights the recent discoveries on proteolytic degradation in the desensitization of light signal transmission, and the tight connection of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm. Studies on the controlling mechanisms of de-etiolation, photoperiodic flowering, and circadian rhythm have been the fascinating topics in Arabidopsis research. The knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis can be readily applied to food crops and ornamental species, and can be contributed to our general understanding of signal perception and transduction in all organisms.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province "Science and Technology Special Commissioner Team Innovation Service and Agricultural Advantage and Characteristic Industry Quality Improvement Project of Jiangyang District (Science and Technology Special Commissioner)"(2021ZHFP0133)。
文摘The agricultural science and technology park is a demonstration carrier for the assembly and integration of agricultural technology,the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the modern agricultural production. It is an inevitable choice and important way to realize the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. This paper reviewed the construction background,functional characteristics and development history of agricultural science and technology parks. It analyzed the current development situations of the provincial agricultural science and technology parks in Jiangyang District,Luzhou City of Sichuan Province. Then,it summarized its experience in park construction and compared with surrounding national and provincial agricultural science and technology parks. It found existing problems including insufficient industry-university-research integration,low level of agricultural intensification,weak functions of public service platforms and brand effect,and insufficient exploration of tourism resources. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations for development of agricultural Sci-Tech Park District of Luzhou City,including gathering scientific and technological resources,enhancing scientific and technological support,strengthening the high-quality development of the park economy,and building a national 4 A-level excellent scenic spot.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174031,91950108,12161141010)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404301)。
文摘Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices.However,these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses.Significant efforts have been made to achieve high quality-factor(Q-factor)resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces,particularly through surface lattice resonances(SLRs)and bound states in the continuum(BICs).Despite these advances,a direct comparison between these two mechanisms remains unexplored.Here,we report a reusable plasmonic metasurface that supports multiple high-Q resonances by leveraging hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes.By systematically tuning the lattice constant and dielectric cladding thickness,we achieve substantial Q-factor enhancements of both SLRs and BICs in a monolithic device with a small footprint of 200μm×200μm by using an incoherent light source.A direct comparison between these two resonances is also discussed.This high-Q performance holds significant promise for applications in sensing,lasing,and nonlinear and quantum optics,paving the way for the development of next-generation nanophotonic devices.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170761,31571423 and 31371401 to J.-Z.L.and 91754104,31820103008,and 31670283 to J.P.)the Iowa State University Plant Sciences Institute and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project 4308。
文摘The crosstalk between clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)and the autophagy pathway has been reported in mammals;however,the interconnection of CME with autophagy has not been established in plants.Here,we report that the Arabidopsis CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN(CLC)subunit 2 and 3 double mutant,clc2-1 clc3-1,phenocopies Arabidopsis AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENE(ATG)mutants in both autoimmunity and nutrient sensitivity.Accordingly,the autophagy pathway is significantly compromised in the clc2-1 clc3-1 mutant.Interestingly,multiple assays demonstrate that CLC2 directly interacts with ATG8h/ATG8i in a domain-specific manner.As expected,both GFP-ATG8h/GFP-ATG8i and CLC2-GFP are subjected to autophagic degradation,and degradation of GFP-ATG8h is significantly reduced in the clc2-1 clc3-1 mutant.Notably,simultaneous knockout of ATG8h and ATG8i by CRISPR-Cas9 results in enhanced resistance against Golovinomyces cichoracearum,supporting the functional relevance of the CLC2-ATG8h/8i interactions.In conclusion,our results reveal a link between the function of CLCs and the autophagy pathway in Arabidopsis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174031,91950108).
文摘The exceptional point(EP),a degenerate point within non-Hermitian parametric space,has attracted considerable attention,especially for its chiral responses.However,achieving ideal circular dichroism(CD)remains challenging due to the existence of parallel components at the EP.Here,we delve into the theoretical condition required to attain a zero-transmission parallel component.This condition,together with the chiral EP condition,leads to a point characterized by near-unity CD,termed the super chiral EP(SCEP).To illustrate our theoretical framework,we introduce a parity-time symmetric metasurface with gain and loss.The observation of SCEP is demonstrated by tuning both the coupling strength and gain–loss ratio.Furthermore,we explore distinctive properties of SCEP,including phase flip and unidirectional invisibility.Leveraging SCEP and the topological phase transition point,we achieve polarization states across the entire Poincarésurface.This work opens avenues for potential applications in polarizing optical elements,holography,logic gates,chiral molecular detection,ultrasensitive sensing,and polarization-sensitive imaging.
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073915, 91849135, 81673485, 81773719, 81973312 and 81971306)National Key Research and Development Project (2018YFA0108301, China)+2 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Experimental Animal Grants (21XD1424900, 19140904700, 19140904900 and 21S11901200, China)Shanghai Shuguang Program (19SG32, China)Shanghai “Rising Stars of Medical Talent” Youth Development ProgramYouth Medical Talents-Clinical Pharmacist Program [SHWRS(2020)_087, China]
文摘Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),which is previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a major health concern worldwide with limited therapy.Here,we provide evidence that ferroptosis,a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-driven lipid peroxidation,was comprehensively activated in liver tissues from MAFLD patients.The canonical-GPX4(cGPX4),which is the most important negative controller of ferroptosis,is downregulated at protein but not mRNA level.Interestingly,a non-canonical GPX4 transcript-variant is induced(inducible-GPX4,iGPX4)in MAFLD condition.The high fat-fructose/sucrose diet(HFFD)and methionine/choline-deficient diet(MCD)-induced MAFLD pathologies,including hepatocellular ballooning,steatohepatitis andfibrosis,were attenuated and aggravated,respectively,in cGPX4-and iGPX4-knockin mice.cGPX4 and iGPX4 isoforms also displayed opposing effects on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hepatocytes.Knockdown of iGPX4 by siRNA alleviated lipid stress,ferroptosis and cell injury.Mechanistically,the triggered iGPX4 interacts with cGPX4 to facilitate the transformation of cGPX4 from enzymatic-active monomer to enzymatic-inactive oligomers upon lipid stress,and thus promotes ferroptosis.Co-immunoprecipitation and nano LC–MS/MS analyses confirmed the interaction between iGPX4 and cGPX4.Our results reveal a detrimental role of non-canonical GPX4 isoform in ferroptosis,and indicate selectively targeting iGPX4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.
基金This work was supported by Shandong Agricultural University,China,SDA-2014.
文摘WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory functions of two WRKY proteins in photomorphogenesis and PIF4 expression.PIF4 is a critical signaling hub in light,temperature,and hormonal signaling pathways.Either its expression or its accumulation peaks in the morning and afternoon.WRKY2 and WRKY10 form heterodimers and recognize their target site in the PIF4 promoter near the MYB element that is bound by CCA1 and LHY under red and blue light.WRKY2 and WRKY10 interact directly with CCA1/LHY to enhance their targeting but interact indirectly with SHB1.The two WRKY proteins also interact with phyB,and their interaction enhances the targeting of CCA1 and LHY to the PIF4 promoter.SHB1 associates with theWRKY2 andWRKY10 loci and enhances their expression in parallel with the PIF4 expression peaks.This forward regulatory loop further sustains the accumulation of the two WRKY proteins and the targeting of CCA1/LHY to the PIF4 locus.In summary,interactions of two WRKY proteins with CCA1/LHY and phyB maintain an optimal expression level of PIF4 toward noon and afternoon,which is essential to sketch the circadian pattern of PIF4 expression.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071921 X.YZJ)National Key Research and Development Program 2021YFF1001203(D.J.Z)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China 31730008(X.S.Z.)National Science Foundation IOS-1933291(M.N.).
文摘Evolution is driven by various mechanisms.A directional increase in the embryo to endosperm ratio is an evolutionary trend within the angiosperms.The endosperm constitutes a major portion of the seed volume in Poales and some dicots.However,in other dicots such as Arabidopsis and soybean,the endosperm proliferates early,followed by embryo growth to replace the endosperm.The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase AtHAIKU2(AtIKU2)is a key regulator of early endosperm proliferation.In this study,we found that IKU2s from Brachypodium,rice,and soybean can complement the abnormal seed developmental phenotype of Atiku2,while AtIKU2 also rescues the defective endosperm proliferation in the Brachypodium BdIKU2 knockout mutant seeds.AtIKU2 and soybean GmIKU2 are actively expressed a few days after fertilization.Thereafter,expression of AtIKU2 is suppressed by the FIS-PRC2 complex-mediated H3K27me3.The soybean GmIKU2 locus is also enriched with H3K27me3 marks.The histone methyltransferase AtMEA is unique to Brassicaceae,but one GmSWN in soybean plays a similar role in seed development as AtMEA.By contrast,the BdIKU2 and rice OsIKU2 loci are continuously expressed and are devoid of H3K27me3 marks.Taken together,these results suggest that IKU2 genes retain an ancestral function,but the duration of their expression that is controlled by PRC2-mediated epigenetic silencing contributes to silenced or persistent endosperm proliferation in different species.Our study reveals an epigenetic mechanism that drives the development of vastly different seed ontogenies.
基金a grant from National Science Foundation IOS-1933291(M.N.).
文摘Spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression by polycomb repressive complex 2(PRc2)is critical for animal and plant development.The Arabidopsis fertilization independent seed(FIS)-PRC2 complex functions specifically during plant reproduction from gametogenesis to seed development.After a double fertilization event,triploid endosperm proliferates early,followed by the growth of a diploid embryo,which replaces the endosperm in Arabidopsis and many dicots.Key genes critical for endosperm proliferation such as IKkU2 and MINI3 are activated after fertilization.Here we report that two MADS-box AGAMOUS-LIKE(AGL)proteins associate with the key endosperm proliferation loci and recruit the FIS-PRC2 repressive complex at 4-5 days after pollination(DAP).Interestingly,AGL9 and AGL15 only accumulate toward the end of endosperm proliferation at 4-5 DAP and promote the deposition of H3K27me3 marks at key endosperm proliferation loci.Disruption of AGL9 and AGL15 or overexpression of AGL9 or AGL15 significantly influence endosperm proliferation and cellularization.Genome-wide analysis with cleavage Under Targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed the landscape of endosperm H3K27me3 marks and gene expression profiles in Col-0 and agl9 agl15.CUT&Tag qPCR also demonstrated the occupancy of the two MADS-box proteins and FIS-PRC2 on a few representative target loci.Our studies suggest that MADS-box proteins could potentially recruit PRc2 to regulate many other developmental processes in plants or even in fungi and animals.
