Efficiently tracking and imaging interested moving targets is crucial across various applications,from autonomous systems to surveillance.However,persistent challenges remain in various fields,including environmental ...Efficiently tracking and imaging interested moving targets is crucial across various applications,from autonomous systems to surveillance.However,persistent challenges remain in various fields,including environmental intricacies,limitations in perceptual technologies,and privacy considerations.We present a teacher-student learning model,the generative adversarial network(GAN)-guided diffractive neural network(DNN),which performs visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.The GAN,as a teacher model,empowers efficient acquisition of the skill to differentiate the specific target of interest in the domains of visual tracking and imaging.The DNN-based student model learns to master the skill to differentiate the interested target from the GAN.The process of obtaining a GAN-guided DNN starts with capturing moving objects effectively using an event camera with high temporal resolution and low latency.Then,the generative power of GAN is utilized to generate data with position-tracking capability for the interested moving target,subsequently serving as labels to the training of the DNN.The DNN learns to image the target during training while retaining the target’s positional information.Our experimental demonstration highlights the efficacy of the GAN-guided DNN in visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.We expect the GAN-guided DNN can significantly enhance autonomous systems and surveillance.展开更多
Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing researc...Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing research but is rarely explored due to the absence of instructive mechanisms.Here,we revealed a controllable ultrafast laser-induced focal volume light field and experimentally succeeded in highly efficient one-step composite structuring in multiple transparent solids.A pair of spatially coupled twin periodic structures reflecting light distribution in the focal volume are simultaneously created and independently tuned by engineering ultrafast laser-matter interaction.We demonstrated that the generated composite micro-nano structures are applicable to multi-dimensional information integration,nonlinear diffractive elements,and multi-functional optical modulation.This work presents the experimental verification of highly universal all-optical fabrication of composite micro-nano structures with independent controllability in multiple degrees of freedom,expands the current cognition of ultrafast laser-based material modification in transparent solids,and establishes a new scientific aspect of strong-field optics,namely,focal volume optics for composite structuring transparent solids.展开更多
Able to precisely control and manipulate materials'states at micro/nano-scale level,femtosecond(fs)laser micro/nano processing technology has undergone tremendous development over the past three decades.Free-formi...Able to precisely control and manipulate materials'states at micro/nano-scale level,femtosecond(fs)laser micro/nano processing technology has undergone tremendous development over the past three decades.Free-forming three-dimensional(3D)microscale functional devices and inducing fascinating and unique physical or chemical phenomena have granted this technology powerful versatility that no other technology can match.As this technology advances rapidly in various fields of application,some key challenges have emerged and remain to be urgently addressed.This review firstly introduces the fundamental principles for understanding how fs laser pulses interact with materials and the associated unique phenomena in section 2.Then micro/nano-fabrication in transparent materials by fs laser processing is presented in section 3.Thereafter,several high efficiency/throughput fabrication methods as well as pulse-shaping techniques are listed in sections 4 and 5 reviews four-dimensional(4D)and nanoscale printing realized by fs laser processing technology.Special attention is paid to the heterogeneous integration(HI)of functional materials enabled by fs laser processing in section 6.Several intriguing examples of 3D functional micro-devices created by fs laser-based manufacturing methods such as microfluidics,lab-on-chip,micro-optics,micro-mechanics,micro-electronics,micro-bots and micro-biodevices are reviewed in section 7.Finally,a summary of the review and a perspective are proposed to explore the challenges and future opportunities for further betterment of fs laser micro/nano processing technology.展开更多
Background:We investigated the similarities and differences between two experimental approaches using tachy-pacing technology to induce desynchronized heart failure in canines.Methods:A total of eight dogs were includ...Background:We investigated the similarities and differences between two experimental approaches using tachy-pacing technology to induce desynchronized heart failure in canines.Methods:A total of eight dogs were included in the experiment,four were tachypaced in right ventricle apex (RVAP) and 4 were paced in right atrium after the ablation of left bundle branch to achieve left bundle branch block (RAP+LBBB).Three weeks of follow-up were conducted to observe the changes in cardiac function and myocardial staining was performed at the end of the experiment.Results:Both experimental approaches successfully established heart failure with reduced ejection fraction models,with similar trends in declining cardiac function.The RAP+LBBB group exhibited a prolonged overall ventricular activation time, delayed left ventricular activation,and lesser impact on the right ventricle.The RVAP approach led to a reduction in overall right ventricular compliance and right ve ntricular enlargement.The RAP+LBBB group exhibited significant reductions in left heart compliance (LVGLS,%:RAP+LBBB-12.60±0.12 to-5.93±1.25;RVAP-13.28±0.62to-8.05±0.63, p=0.023;LASct,%:RAP+LBBB-15.75±6.85 to-1.50±1.00;RVAP-15.75±2.87 to-10.05±6.16,p=0.035).Histological examination revealed more pronounced fibrosis in the left ventricular wall and left atrium in the RAP+LBBBgroup while the RVAP group showed more prominent fibrosis in the right ventricular myocardium.Conclusion:Both approaches establish HFrEF models with comparable trends.The RVAP group shows impaired right ventricular function,while the RAP+LBBB group exhibits more severe decreased compliance and fibrosis in left ventricle.展开更多
The orbital angular momentum(OAM)of light has been implemented as an information carrier in OAM holography.Holographic information can be multiplexed in theoretical unbounded OAM channels,promoting the applications of...The orbital angular momentum(OAM)of light has been implemented as an information carrier in OAM holography.Holographic information can be multiplexed in theoretical unbounded OAM channels,promoting the applications of optically addressable dynamic display and high-security optical encryption.However,the frame-rate of the dynamic extraction of the information reconstruction process in OAM holography is physically determined by the switching speed of the incident OAM states,which is currently below 30 Hz limited by refreshing rate of the phase-modulation spatial light modulator(SLM).Here,based on a cross convolution with the spatial frequency of the OAM-multiplexing hologram,the spatial frequencies of an elaborately-designed amplitude distribution,namely amplitude decoding key,has been adopted for the extraction of three-dimensional holographic information encoded in a specific OAM information channel.We experimentally demonstrated a dynamic extraction frame rate of 100 Hz from an OAM multiplexing hologram with 10 information channels indicated by individual OAM values from-50 to 50.The new concept of cross convolution theorem can even provide the potential of parallel reproduction and distribution of information encoded in many OAM channels at various positions which boosts the capacity of information processing far beyond the traditional decoding methods.Thus,our results provide a holographic paradigm for high-speed 3D information processing,paving an unprecedented way to achieve the high-capacity short-range optical communication system.展开更多
The MINimal emission FLUXes(MINFLUX)technique in optical microscopy,widely recognized as the next innovative fluorescence microscopy method,claims a spatial resolution of 1-3 nm in both dead and living cells.To make u...The MINimal emission FLUXes(MINFLUX)technique in optical microscopy,widely recognized as the next innovative fluorescence microscopy method,claims a spatial resolution of 1-3 nm in both dead and living cells.To make use of the full resolution of the MINFLUX microscope,it is important to select appropriate fluorescence probes and labeling strategies,especially in living-cell imaging.This paper mainly focuses on recent applications and developments of fluorescence probes and the relevant labeling strategy for MINFLUX microscopy.Moreover,we discuss the deficiencies that need to be addressed in the future and a plan for the possible progression of MINFLUX to help investigators who have been involved in or are just starting in the field of super-resolution imaging microscopy with theoretical support.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the bone metabolism balance and traumatic reaction of minimally invasive mippo intramedullary nail internal fixation treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Methods:80 patients with femoral shaft f...Objective:To evaluate the bone metabolism balance and traumatic reaction of minimally invasive mippo intramedullary nail internal fixation treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Methods:80 patients with femoral shaft fractures who were treated in our hospital between May 2011 and December 2016 were collected and divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40) according to random number table, control group received conventional steel plate internal fixation treatment, and observation group received minimally invasive mippo intramedullary nail internal fixation treatment. Differences in serum levels of bone formation indexes, bone resorption indexes, inflammatory factors, and pain mediators and so on were compared between two groups of patients before operation and 1 week after treatment.Results: Before operation, differences in serum levels of bone formation indexes, bone resorption indexes, inflammatory factors and pain mediators were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After operation, serum bone formation indexes P ICP, BGP, BALP and ALP levels in observation group were higher than those in control group;serum bone resorption indexesβ-CTX and OPG levels were lower than those in control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP levels were lower than those in control group;serum pain mediators SP, PGE2 and 5-HT levels were lower than those in control group.Conclusion:Minimally invasive mippo intramedullary nail internal fixation treatment of femoral shaft fractures can promote the bone formation, relatively inhibit bone resorption and cause less traumatic reaction.展开更多
Influenza A virus(IAV)continues to pose a pandemic threat to public health,resulting a high mortality rate annually and during pandemic years.Posttranslational modification of viral protein plays a substantial role in...Influenza A virus(IAV)continues to pose a pandemic threat to public health,resulting a high mortality rate annually and during pandemic years.Posttranslational modification of viral protein plays a substantial role in regulating IAV infection.Here,based on immunoprecipitation(IP)-based mass spectrometry(MS)and purified virus-coupled MS,a total of 89 phosphorylation sites distributed among 10 encoded viral proteins of IAV were identified,including 60 novel phosphorylation sites.Additionally,for the first time,we provide evidence that PB2 can also be acetylated at site K187.Notably,the PB2 S181 phosphorylation site was consistently identified in both IP-based MS and purified virus-based MS.Both S181 and K187 are exposed on the surface of the PB2 protein and are highly conserved in various IAV strains,suggesting their fundamental importance in the IAV life cycle.Bioinformatic analysis results demonstrated that S181E/A and K187Q/R mimic mutations do not significantly alter the PB2 protein structure.While continuous phosphorylation mimicked by the PB2 S181E mutation substantially decreases viral fitness in mice,PB2 K187Q mimetic acetylation slightly enhances viral virulence in mice.Mechanistically,PB2 S181E substantially impairs viral polymerase activity and viral replication,remarkably dampens protein stability and nuclear accumulation of PB2,and significantly weakens IAV-induced inflammatory responses.Therefore,our study further enriches the database of phosphorylation and acetylation sites of influenza viral proteins,laying a foundation for subsequent mechanistic studies.Meanwhile,the unraveled antiviral effect of PB2 S181E mimetic phosphorylation may provide a new target for the subsequent study of antiviral drugs.展开更多
Holography, which was invented by Dennis Gabor in 1948, offers an approach to reconstructing both the amplitude and phase information of a three-dimensional (3D) object [1]. Since its invention, the concept of hologra...Holography, which was invented by Dennis Gabor in 1948, offers an approach to reconstructing both the amplitude and phase information of a three-dimensional (3D) object [1]. Since its invention, the concept of holography has been widely used in various fields, such as microscopy [2], interferometry [3], ultrasonography [4], and holographic display [5]. Optical holography can be divided into two steps: recording and reconstruction. A conventional hologram is recorded onto a photosensitive film as the interference between an object beam carrying the 3D object information and a reference beam. Thereafter, the original object wavefront is reconstructed in the 3D image space by illuminating the reference beam on the recorded hologram.展开更多
To derive a precise estimation of the associations between the cytochrome P450 1B 1 （CYPIB1） 4326C/G variants and prostate cancer （PCa） risk or aggressiveness, a meta-analysis was performed using all eligible publ...To derive a precise estimation of the associations between the cytochrome P450 1B 1 （CYPIB1） 4326C/G variants and prostate cancer （PCa） risk or aggressiveness, a meta-analysis was performed using all eligible published studies. Odds ratios （ORs） with 95% confidence intervals （CIs） were estimated to assess the association in seven literature studies with 2788 cases and 2968 controls. In the overall analysis, no significant association was found between the CYPIB1 4326C/G polymorphism and PCa risk, but ethnicity subgroup analyses and a case-source analysis revealed significant associations. The 4326G allele showed a significant association with increased PCa risk in Asians （OR= 1.52, 95% Ch 1.20-1.92）, and significant associations were also observed in a heterozygote comparison （OR= 1.40, 95% Ch 1.03-1.89）, a homozygote comparison （0R=2.38, 95% Ch 1.31-4.33） and in a dominant genetic model （OR = 1.52, 95% Ch 1.14-2.01）. Moreover, the 4326G allele was also significantly correlated with an increased risk of sporadic PCa （OR= 1.13, 95% Ch 1.04-1.24）, and significant associations were observed in a heterozygote comparison （OR= 1.16, 95% Ch 1.02-1.33）, a homozygote comparison （OR= 1.24, 95% Ch 1.03-1.49） and a dominant genetic model （OR= 1.19, 95% Ch 1.05- 1.34）. The overall analyses and all subgroup analyses showed no significant association between the 4326C/G polymorphism and PCa aggressiveness. Our meta-analysis showed that CYPIB1 4326G allele is significantly associated with an increased PCa risk in Asians and in sporadic PCa cases.展开更多
To determine the risk, malignant degree and clinical progression of prostate cancer （PCa） associated with mouse double-minute 2 protein （MDM2） T309G variants, a meta-analysis was performed on all eligible publishe...To determine the risk, malignant degree and clinical progression of prostate cancer （PCa） associated with mouse double-minute 2 protein （MDM2） T309G variants, a meta-analysis was performed on all eligible published studies. Odds ratios （ORs） with 95% confidence intervals （CIs） were estimated to assess these associations in seven studies that included 5151 cases and 1003 controls. In the overall analysis, the 309G allele was significantly associated with a decreased PCa risk （0R=0.85, 95% CI： 0.74-0.97）; this was also the case for the homozygous comparison （0R--0.72, 95% Ch 0.55-0.95） and the dominant genetic model （0R=0.79, 95% Ch 0.65-0.96）. The 309G allele was also found to be significantly associated with lower degrees of PCa malignancy （0R=0.85, 95% Ch 0.75-0.96） in the overall analysis, as well as in the heterozygous comparison （0R=0.79, 95% Ch 0.65-0.96）, homozygous comparison （0R=0.76, 95% Ch 0.58-0.98） and dominant genetic model （0R=0.81, 95% CI： 0.68-0.96）. Furthermore, grouping analysis showed that the 309G allele in Caucasians was significantly correlated with a decreased PCa risk （0R=0.77, 95% Ch 0.61-0.96）; this was also the case in the homozygous comparison （0R=0.51, 95% Ch 0.31-0.86）. The grouping analysis also showed that the 309G variant in Caucasians was significantly associated with a lower degree of PCa malignancy in all of the genetic models. In addition, we found that the 309G variant in Caucasians was significantly associated with a slower PCa clinical progression in all of the genetic models. In summary, our meta-analysis showed that the MDM2 309G variant was significantly associated with a decreased PCa risk, lower malignant degree and slower clinical progression in Caucasians, but there was no obvious association in the Asian population.展开更多
Supercapacitors,with the merits of both capacitors for safe and fast charge and batteries for high energy storage have drawn tremendous attention.Recently,laser scribed graphene has been increasingly studied for super...Supercapacitors,with the merits of both capacitors for safe and fast charge and batteries for high energy storage have drawn tremendous attention.Recently,laser scribed graphene has been increasingly studied for supercapacitor applications due to its unique properties,such as flexible fabrication,large surface area and high electrical conductivity.With the laser direct writing process,graphene can be directly fabricated and patterned as the supercapacitor electrodes.In this review,facile laser direct writing methods for graphene were firstly summarized.Various precursors,mainly graphene oxide and polyimide were employed for laser scribed graphene and the modifications of graphene properties were also discussed.This laser scribed graphene was applied for electrochemical double-layer capacitors,pseudo-capacitors and hybrid supercapacitors.Diverse strategies including doping,composite materials and pattern design were utilized to enhance the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors.Featured supercapacitors with excellent flexible,ultrafinestructured and integrated functions were also reviewed.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the protective effect of clodronatecontaining liposomes against severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)-triggered acute gastric mucosal injury(AGMI) in rats.METHODS:Clodronate- and phosphate-buffered saline(...AIM:To investigate the protective effect of clodronatecontaining liposomes against severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)-triggered acute gastric mucosal injury(AGMI) in rats.METHODS:Clodronate- and phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)-containing liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation.The SAP rat model was established by injecting sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic subcapsular space.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control(C),SAP plus PBS-containing liposome(P) and SAP plus clodronate-containing liposome(T).Serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α levels were estimated by ELISA.Pathological changes in the gastric mucosa and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining.Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling staining.The numbers of macrophages in the gastric mucosa were analyzed by CD68 immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:The liposomes had a mean diameter of 150 ± 30 nm.The TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the P group than that in the C group(2 h,145.13 ± 11.50 vs 23.2 ± 2.03; 6 h,245.06 ± 12.11 vs 30.28 ± 6.07,P < 0.05),and they were significantly lower in the T group than that in the P group(2 h,93.24 ± 23.11 vs 145.13 ± 11.50; 6 h,135.18 ± 13.10 vs 245.06 ± 12.11,P < 0.05).The pathological scores of the pancreas were lower in the T group than in the P group(2 h,1.88 ± 0.83 vs 4.13 ± 0.83; 6 h,2.87 ± 0.64 vs 6.25 ± 0.88,P < 0.01).The pathological scores of the gastric mucosa were also lower in the T group than in the P group(2 h,1.12 ± 0.64 vs 2 ± 0.75; 6 h,1.58 ± 0.53 vs 3 ± 1.31,P < 0.05).In addition,increased CD68 levels were observed in the gastric mucosa of the P group compared with the C group.Clodronate-containing liposomes decreased the CD68 levels in the mucosa of the T group.The apoptotic indexes of the gastric mucosa were higher in the T group than in the P group(2 h,15.7 ± 0.92 vs 11.5 ± 1.64; 6 h,21.12 ± 1.06 vs 12.6 ± 2.44,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Gastric macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric injury in SAP.Clodronatecontaining liposomes have protective effects against AGMI in rats with SAP.展开更多
Background Super-responders （SRs） are defined as patients who show crucial cardiac function improvement after cardiac resynchro- nization therapy （CRT）. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate predic...Background Super-responders （SRs） are defined as patients who show crucial cardiac function improvement after cardiac resynchro- nization therapy （CRT）. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate predictors of SRs after CRT. Methods This study enrolled 201 patients who underwent CRT during the period from 2010 to 2014. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were conducted before CRT and 6 months after. Patients with a decrease in New York Heart Association （NYHA） fimctional class 〉 1, a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVESV） ≥ 15%, and a final left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） ≥ 45% were classified as SRs. Results 29% of the 201 patients who underwent CRT were identified as SRs. At baseline, SRs had significantly smaller left atrial diameter （LAD）, LVESV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVEDV） and higher LVEF than the non-super-responders （non-SRs）. The percentage of patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers （ACEI/ARB） was higher in SRs than non-SRs. Most SRs had Biventricular （BiV） pacing percentage greater than 98% six months after CRT. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independ- ent predictors of SRs were lower LVEDV [odd ratios （OR）： 0.93; confidence intervals （CI）： 0.90-0.97], use of ACEI/ARB （OR： 0.33; CI： 0.13~3.82） and BiV pacing percentage greater than 98% （OR： 0.29; CI： 0.16~.87）. Conclusion Patients with a better compliance of ACEI/ARB and a less ectatic ventricular geometry before CRT tends to have a greater probability of becoming SRs. Higher percentage of BiV pacing is essential for becoming SRs.展开更多
Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is a highly effective treatment in patients with a class I recommendation.However,a small proportion of the strictly selected patients still fail to respond.This study ...Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is a highly effective treatment in patients with a class I recommendation.However,a small proportion of the strictly selected patients still fail to respond.This study was designed to identify predictors of non-response in patients with class I indications for CRT and determine the non-response probability of the patients.Methods A total of 296 consecutive patients with a class I recommendation received CRT from January 2009 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for non-response(defined as cardiac death,heart transplantation,or HF hospitalization during 1-year follow-up).Results Among 296 patients,30(10.1%)met non-response.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that non-response to CRT was associated with a fragmented QRS(odd ratio(OR)=2.86,95%CI:1.14–7.12;P=0.025)and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD)≥77 mm(OR=3.02,95%CI:1.17–7.82;P=0.022).Patients with both of the predictors had a non-response probability of 46.2%(95%CI:19.1%–73.3%).Conclusion In patients with left bundle branch block and wider QRS duration,the proportion of non-response to CRT is not low in real world.The presence of the dilated LVEDD or fragmented QRS is a strong predictor of non-response to CRT.The probability of non-response in the patients with the two predictors was 46.2%.展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate whether the revised 2010 Tumour Node Metastasis （TNM） staging system could lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma （RCC） patients. A total of...This study was designed to evaluate whether the revised 2010 Tumour Node Metastasis （TNM） staging system could lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma （RCC） patients. A total of 1216 patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy for RCC from 2003 to 2011 were enrolled. All of the patients had pathologically confirmed clear cell RCC （ccRCC）. All cases were staged by both the 2002 and 2010 TNM staging systems after pathological review, and survival data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate cancer-specific survival （CSS） and progression-free survival （PFS） after surgery. Continuous variables, such as age and tumour diameter, were calculated as mean values and standard deviations （s.d.） or as median values. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test assessed differences between groups. Statistically significant differences in CSS and PFS were noted among patients in T3 subgroups using the new 2010 staging system. Therefore, the revised 2010 TNM staging system can lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of ccRCC patients. However, when using the revised 2010 staging system, we found that more than 92% of patients （288/313） with T3 tumours were staged in the T3a subgroup, and their survival data were not significantly different from those of patients with T2b tumours. In addition, T2 subclassification failed to independently predict survival in RCC patients.展开更多
Background Whether cardiac resynchronization therapy super-responders (CRT-SRs) still have indications for neuro-hormonal antagonists or not remains uninvestigated.Methods We reviewed clinical data from 376 patients w...Background Whether cardiac resynchronization therapy super-responders (CRT-SRs) still have indications for neuro-hormonal antagonists or not remains uninvestigated.Methods We reviewed clinical data from 376 patients who underwent CRT implantation in Fuwai Hospital from 2009 to 2015 and followed up to 2017.CRT-SRs were defined by an improvement of the New York Heart Association functional class and left ventricular ejection fraction to ≥ 50% in absolute values at 6-month follow-up.All CRT-SRs were assigned into two groups on the basis of whether persistently receiving neuro-hormonal antagonists (NHA)(defined as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers and β-blockers) after 6-month follow-up and then we compared long-term outcome.Results A total of 60 patients met criteria for super-response.One of thirteen (7.7%) CRT-SRs without NHA had all-cause death,which also occurred in 2 of 47 (4.3%) in CRT-SRs with NHA (P = 0.526).However,3 of 13 (23.1%) CRT-SRs without NHA had heart failure (HF) hospitalization,1 of 47 (2.1%) CRT-SRs with NHA had this endpoint (P = 0.040).Besides,subgroup analysis indicated that,for ischemic etiology group,CRT-SRs receiving NHA had considerably lower incidence of HF hospitalization than those without NHA (0 vs.75%,P = 0.014),which was not observed in non-ischemic etiology group (2.6% vs.0,P = 1.000) during long-term follow-up.Conclusions Our study found that for ischemic etiology,compared with CRT-SRs with NHA,CRT-SRs without NHA were associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalization.However,for non-ischemic etiology,we found that CRT-SRs with NHA or without NHA at follow-up were associated with similar outcomes,which needed further investigation by prospective trials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62422509 and 62405188)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.23ZR1443700)+3 种基金the Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.23SG41)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.20220042)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.21DZ1100500)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,and the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program(2021-2025 No.20).
文摘Efficiently tracking and imaging interested moving targets is crucial across various applications,from autonomous systems to surveillance.However,persistent challenges remain in various fields,including environmental intricacies,limitations in perceptual technologies,and privacy considerations.We present a teacher-student learning model,the generative adversarial network(GAN)-guided diffractive neural network(DNN),which performs visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.The GAN,as a teacher model,empowers efficient acquisition of the skill to differentiate the specific target of interest in the domains of visual tracking and imaging.The DNN-based student model learns to master the skill to differentiate the interested target from the GAN.The process of obtaining a GAN-guided DNN starts with capturing moving objects effectively using an event camera with high temporal resolution and low latency.Then,the generative power of GAN is utilized to generate data with position-tracking capability for the interested moving target,subsequently serving as labels to the training of the DNN.The DNN learns to image the target during training while retaining the target’s positional information.Our experimental demonstration highlights the efficacy of the GAN-guided DNN in visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.We expect the GAN-guided DNN can significantly enhance autonomous systems and surveillance.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2802001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304349,U20A20211,62275233)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230628,GZC20241465)。
文摘Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing research but is rarely explored due to the absence of instructive mechanisms.Here,we revealed a controllable ultrafast laser-induced focal volume light field and experimentally succeeded in highly efficient one-step composite structuring in multiple transparent solids.A pair of spatially coupled twin periodic structures reflecting light distribution in the focal volume are simultaneously created and independently tuned by engineering ultrafast laser-matter interaction.We demonstrated that the generated composite micro-nano structures are applicable to multi-dimensional information integration,nonlinear diffractive elements,and multi-functional optical modulation.This work presents the experimental verification of highly universal all-optical fabrication of composite micro-nano structures with independent controllability in multiple degrees of freedom,expands the current cognition of ultrafast laser-based material modification in transparent solids,and establishes a new scientific aspect of strong-field optics,namely,focal volume optics for composite structuring transparent solids.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB2802000 and 2022YFB2804300)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.21DZ1100500)+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Projectthe Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program(2021-2025 No.20)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61975123)Shanghai Scienceand Technology Innovation Action Plan(Grant No.23JC1403100)。
文摘Able to precisely control and manipulate materials'states at micro/nano-scale level,femtosecond(fs)laser micro/nano processing technology has undergone tremendous development over the past three decades.Free-forming three-dimensional(3D)microscale functional devices and inducing fascinating and unique physical or chemical phenomena have granted this technology powerful versatility that no other technology can match.As this technology advances rapidly in various fields of application,some key challenges have emerged and remain to be urgently addressed.This review firstly introduces the fundamental principles for understanding how fs laser pulses interact with materials and the associated unique phenomena in section 2.Then micro/nano-fabrication in transparent materials by fs laser processing is presented in section 3.Thereafter,several high efficiency/throughput fabrication methods as well as pulse-shaping techniques are listed in sections 4 and 5 reviews four-dimensional(4D)and nanoscale printing realized by fs laser processing technology.Special attention is paid to the heterogeneous integration(HI)of functional materials enabled by fs laser processing in section 6.Several intriguing examples of 3D functional micro-devices created by fs laser-based manufacturing methods such as microfluidics,lab-on-chip,micro-optics,micro-mechanics,micro-electronics,micro-bots and micro-biodevices are reviewed in section 7.Finally,a summary of the review and a perspective are proposed to explore the challenges and future opportunities for further betterment of fs laser micro/nano processing technology.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82000325,82100325,82070349)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Beijing Association for Science and Technology(No.BYESS2023392)+2 种基金The Beijing Gold-bridge project(No.ZZ21055)The Peking University First Hospital Seed Foundation(No.2020SF19)High-level hospital clinical research funding of Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2022-GSP-GG-11).
文摘Background:We investigated the similarities and differences between two experimental approaches using tachy-pacing technology to induce desynchronized heart failure in canines.Methods:A total of eight dogs were included in the experiment,four were tachypaced in right ventricle apex (RVAP) and 4 were paced in right atrium after the ablation of left bundle branch to achieve left bundle branch block (RAP+LBBB).Three weeks of follow-up were conducted to observe the changes in cardiac function and myocardial staining was performed at the end of the experiment.Results:Both experimental approaches successfully established heart failure with reduced ejection fraction models,with similar trends in declining cardiac function.The RAP+LBBB group exhibited a prolonged overall ventricular activation time, delayed left ventricular activation,and lesser impact on the right ventricle.The RVAP approach led to a reduction in overall right ventricular compliance and right ve ntricular enlargement.The RAP+LBBB group exhibited significant reductions in left heart compliance (LVGLS,%:RAP+LBBB-12.60±0.12 to-5.93±1.25;RVAP-13.28±0.62to-8.05±0.63, p=0.023;LASct,%:RAP+LBBB-15.75±6.85 to-1.50±1.00;RVAP-15.75±2.87 to-10.05±6.16,p=0.035).Histological examination revealed more pronounced fibrosis in the left ventricular wall and left atrium in the RAP+LBBBgroup while the RVAP group showed more prominent fibrosis in the right ventricular myocardium.Conclusion:Both approaches establish HFrEF models with comparable trends.The RVAP group shows impaired right ventricular function,while the RAP+LBBB group exhibits more severe decreased compliance and fibrosis in left ventricle.
文摘The orbital angular momentum(OAM)of light has been implemented as an information carrier in OAM holography.Holographic information can be multiplexed in theoretical unbounded OAM channels,promoting the applications of optically addressable dynamic display and high-security optical encryption.However,the frame-rate of the dynamic extraction of the information reconstruction process in OAM holography is physically determined by the switching speed of the incident OAM states,which is currently below 30 Hz limited by refreshing rate of the phase-modulation spatial light modulator(SLM).Here,based on a cross convolution with the spatial frequency of the OAM-multiplexing hologram,the spatial frequencies of an elaborately-designed amplitude distribution,namely amplitude decoding key,has been adopted for the extraction of three-dimensional holographic information encoded in a specific OAM information channel.We experimentally demonstrated a dynamic extraction frame rate of 100 Hz from an OAM multiplexing hologram with 10 information channels indicated by individual OAM values from-50 to 50.The new concept of cross convolution theorem can even provide the potential of parallel reproduction and distribution of information encoded in many OAM channels at various positions which boosts the capacity of information processing far beyond the traditional decoding methods.Thus,our results provide a holographic paradigm for high-speed 3D information processing,paving an unprecedented way to achieve the high-capacity short-range optical communication system.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21DZ1100500)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project+1 种基金the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program (2021-2025 No.20)Shanghai Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Cooperation Project (No.19490760900).
文摘The MINimal emission FLUXes(MINFLUX)technique in optical microscopy,widely recognized as the next innovative fluorescence microscopy method,claims a spatial resolution of 1-3 nm in both dead and living cells.To make use of the full resolution of the MINFLUX microscope,it is important to select appropriate fluorescence probes and labeling strategies,especially in living-cell imaging.This paper mainly focuses on recent applications and developments of fluorescence probes and the relevant labeling strategy for MINFLUX microscopy.Moreover,we discuss the deficiencies that need to be addressed in the future and a plan for the possible progression of MINFLUX to help investigators who have been involved in or are just starting in the field of super-resolution imaging microscopy with theoretical support.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the bone metabolism balance and traumatic reaction of minimally invasive mippo intramedullary nail internal fixation treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Methods:80 patients with femoral shaft fractures who were treated in our hospital between May 2011 and December 2016 were collected and divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40) according to random number table, control group received conventional steel plate internal fixation treatment, and observation group received minimally invasive mippo intramedullary nail internal fixation treatment. Differences in serum levels of bone formation indexes, bone resorption indexes, inflammatory factors, and pain mediators and so on were compared between two groups of patients before operation and 1 week after treatment.Results: Before operation, differences in serum levels of bone formation indexes, bone resorption indexes, inflammatory factors and pain mediators were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After operation, serum bone formation indexes P ICP, BGP, BALP and ALP levels in observation group were higher than those in control group;serum bone resorption indexesβ-CTX and OPG levels were lower than those in control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP levels were lower than those in control group;serum pain mediators SP, PGE2 and 5-HT levels were lower than those in control group.Conclusion:Minimally invasive mippo intramedullary nail internal fixation treatment of femoral shaft fractures can promote the bone formation, relatively inhibit bone resorption and cause less traumatic reaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072832,32372976)by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1800202)+3 种基金by Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science&Technology Independent Innovation Funds[CX(21)3141]by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_3553 and KYCX21_3277)by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-40)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Influenza A virus(IAV)continues to pose a pandemic threat to public health,resulting a high mortality rate annually and during pandemic years.Posttranslational modification of viral protein plays a substantial role in regulating IAV infection.Here,based on immunoprecipitation(IP)-based mass spectrometry(MS)and purified virus-coupled MS,a total of 89 phosphorylation sites distributed among 10 encoded viral proteins of IAV were identified,including 60 novel phosphorylation sites.Additionally,for the first time,we provide evidence that PB2 can also be acetylated at site K187.Notably,the PB2 S181 phosphorylation site was consistently identified in both IP-based MS and purified virus-based MS.Both S181 and K187 are exposed on the surface of the PB2 protein and are highly conserved in various IAV strains,suggesting their fundamental importance in the IAV life cycle.Bioinformatic analysis results demonstrated that S181E/A and K187Q/R mimic mutations do not significantly alter the PB2 protein structure.While continuous phosphorylation mimicked by the PB2 S181E mutation substantially decreases viral fitness in mice,PB2 K187Q mimetic acetylation slightly enhances viral virulence in mice.Mechanistically,PB2 S181E substantially impairs viral polymerase activity and viral replication,remarkably dampens protein stability and nuclear accumulation of PB2,and significantly weakens IAV-induced inflammatory responses.Therefore,our study further enriches the database of phosphorylation and acetylation sites of influenza viral proteins,laying a foundation for subsequent mechanistic studies.Meanwhile,the unraveled antiviral effect of PB2 S181E mimetic phosphorylation may provide a new target for the subsequent study of antiviral drugs.
基金support from the Australian Research Council (ARC) through the Discovery Project (DP180102402)support from a scholarship from theChina Scholarship Council (201706190189)financial support from the Humboldt Research Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
文摘Holography, which was invented by Dennis Gabor in 1948, offers an approach to reconstructing both the amplitude and phase information of a three-dimensional (3D) object [1]. Since its invention, the concept of holography has been widely used in various fields, such as microscopy [2], interferometry [3], ultrasonography [4], and holographic display [5]. Optical holography can be divided into two steps: recording and reconstruction. A conventional hologram is recorded onto a photosensitive film as the interference between an object beam carrying the 3D object information and a reference beam. Thereafter, the original object wavefront is reconstructed in the 3D image space by illuminating the reference beam on the recorded hologram.
文摘To derive a precise estimation of the associations between the cytochrome P450 1B 1 （CYPIB1） 4326C/G variants and prostate cancer （PCa） risk or aggressiveness, a meta-analysis was performed using all eligible published studies. Odds ratios （ORs） with 95% confidence intervals （CIs） were estimated to assess the association in seven literature studies with 2788 cases and 2968 controls. In the overall analysis, no significant association was found between the CYPIB1 4326C/G polymorphism and PCa risk, but ethnicity subgroup analyses and a case-source analysis revealed significant associations. The 4326G allele showed a significant association with increased PCa risk in Asians （OR= 1.52, 95% Ch 1.20-1.92）, and significant associations were also observed in a heterozygote comparison （OR= 1.40, 95% Ch 1.03-1.89）, a homozygote comparison （0R=2.38, 95% Ch 1.31-4.33） and in a dominant genetic model （OR = 1.52, 95% Ch 1.14-2.01）. Moreover, the 4326G allele was also significantly correlated with an increased risk of sporadic PCa （OR= 1.13, 95% Ch 1.04-1.24）, and significant associations were observed in a heterozygote comparison （OR= 1.16, 95% Ch 1.02-1.33）, a homozygote comparison （OR= 1.24, 95% Ch 1.03-1.49） and a dominant genetic model （OR= 1.19, 95% Ch 1.05- 1.34）. The overall analyses and all subgroup analyses showed no significant association between the 4326C/G polymorphism and PCa aggressiveness. Our meta-analysis showed that CYPIB1 4326G allele is significantly associated with an increased PCa risk in Asians and in sporadic PCa cases.
文摘To determine the risk, malignant degree and clinical progression of prostate cancer （PCa） associated with mouse double-minute 2 protein （MDM2） T309G variants, a meta-analysis was performed on all eligible published studies. Odds ratios （ORs） with 95% confidence intervals （CIs） were estimated to assess these associations in seven studies that included 5151 cases and 1003 controls. In the overall analysis, the 309G allele was significantly associated with a decreased PCa risk （0R=0.85, 95% CI： 0.74-0.97）; this was also the case for the homozygous comparison （0R--0.72, 95% Ch 0.55-0.95） and the dominant genetic model （0R=0.79, 95% Ch 0.65-0.96）. The 309G allele was also found to be significantly associated with lower degrees of PCa malignancy （0R=0.85, 95% Ch 0.75-0.96） in the overall analysis, as well as in the heterozygous comparison （0R=0.79, 95% Ch 0.65-0.96）, homozygous comparison （0R=0.76, 95% Ch 0.58-0.98） and dominant genetic model （0R=0.81, 95% CI： 0.68-0.96）. Furthermore, grouping analysis showed that the 309G allele in Caucasians was significantly correlated with a decreased PCa risk （0R=0.77, 95% Ch 0.61-0.96）; this was also the case in the homozygous comparison （0R=0.51, 95% Ch 0.31-0.86）. The grouping analysis also showed that the 309G variant in Caucasians was significantly associated with a lower degree of PCa malignancy in all of the genetic models. In addition, we found that the 309G variant in Caucasians was significantly associated with a slower PCa clinical progression in all of the genetic models. In summary, our meta-analysis showed that the MDM2 309G variant was significantly associated with a decreased PCa risk, lower malignant degree and slower clinical progression in Caucasians, but there was no obvious association in the Asian population.
基金the funding support of Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone(ZJ2019-ZD-005)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974247)the support of Shanghai Super Postdoctoral Incentive Programand and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692137)。
文摘Supercapacitors,with the merits of both capacitors for safe and fast charge and batteries for high energy storage have drawn tremendous attention.Recently,laser scribed graphene has been increasingly studied for supercapacitor applications due to its unique properties,such as flexible fabrication,large surface area and high electrical conductivity.With the laser direct writing process,graphene can be directly fabricated and patterned as the supercapacitor electrodes.In this review,facile laser direct writing methods for graphene were firstly summarized.Various precursors,mainly graphene oxide and polyimide were employed for laser scribed graphene and the modifications of graphene properties were also discussed.This laser scribed graphene was applied for electrochemical double-layer capacitors,pseudo-capacitors and hybrid supercapacitors.Diverse strategies including doping,composite materials and pattern design were utilized to enhance the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors.Featured supercapacitors with excellent flexible,ultrafinestructured and integrated functions were also reviewed.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds,No.1302096BNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK2011484 and No.2012704National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81070287
文摘AIM:To investigate the protective effect of clodronatecontaining liposomes against severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)-triggered acute gastric mucosal injury(AGMI) in rats.METHODS:Clodronate- and phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)-containing liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation.The SAP rat model was established by injecting sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic subcapsular space.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control(C),SAP plus PBS-containing liposome(P) and SAP plus clodronate-containing liposome(T).Serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α levels were estimated by ELISA.Pathological changes in the gastric mucosa and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining.Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling staining.The numbers of macrophages in the gastric mucosa were analyzed by CD68 immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:The liposomes had a mean diameter of 150 ± 30 nm.The TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the P group than that in the C group(2 h,145.13 ± 11.50 vs 23.2 ± 2.03; 6 h,245.06 ± 12.11 vs 30.28 ± 6.07,P < 0.05),and they were significantly lower in the T group than that in the P group(2 h,93.24 ± 23.11 vs 145.13 ± 11.50; 6 h,135.18 ± 13.10 vs 245.06 ± 12.11,P < 0.05).The pathological scores of the pancreas were lower in the T group than in the P group(2 h,1.88 ± 0.83 vs 4.13 ± 0.83; 6 h,2.87 ± 0.64 vs 6.25 ± 0.88,P < 0.01).The pathological scores of the gastric mucosa were also lower in the T group than in the P group(2 h,1.12 ± 0.64 vs 2 ± 0.75; 6 h,1.58 ± 0.53 vs 3 ± 1.31,P < 0.05).In addition,increased CD68 levels were observed in the gastric mucosa of the P group compared with the C group.Clodronate-containing liposomes decreased the CD68 levels in the mucosa of the T group.The apoptotic indexes of the gastric mucosa were higher in the T group than in the P group(2 h,15.7 ± 0.92 vs 11.5 ± 1.64; 6 h,21.12 ± 1.06 vs 12.6 ± 2.44,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Gastric macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric injury in SAP.Clodronatecontaining liposomes have protective effects against AGMI in rats with SAP.
文摘Background Super-responders （SRs） are defined as patients who show crucial cardiac function improvement after cardiac resynchro- nization therapy （CRT）. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate predictors of SRs after CRT. Methods This study enrolled 201 patients who underwent CRT during the period from 2010 to 2014. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were conducted before CRT and 6 months after. Patients with a decrease in New York Heart Association （NYHA） fimctional class 〉 1, a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVESV） ≥ 15%, and a final left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） ≥ 45% were classified as SRs. Results 29% of the 201 patients who underwent CRT were identified as SRs. At baseline, SRs had significantly smaller left atrial diameter （LAD）, LVESV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVEDV） and higher LVEF than the non-super-responders （non-SRs）. The percentage of patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers （ACEI/ARB） was higher in SRs than non-SRs. Most SRs had Biventricular （BiV） pacing percentage greater than 98% six months after CRT. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independ- ent predictors of SRs were lower LVEDV [odd ratios （OR）： 0.93; confidence intervals （CI）： 0.90-0.97], use of ACEI/ARB （OR： 0.33; CI： 0.13~3.82） and BiV pacing percentage greater than 98% （OR： 0.29; CI： 0.16~.87）. Conclusion Patients with a better compliance of ACEI/ARB and a less ectatic ventricular geometry before CRT tends to have a greater probability of becoming SRs. Higher percentage of BiV pacing is essential for becoming SRs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570370)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-009)
文摘Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is a highly effective treatment in patients with a class I recommendation.However,a small proportion of the strictly selected patients still fail to respond.This study was designed to identify predictors of non-response in patients with class I indications for CRT and determine the non-response probability of the patients.Methods A total of 296 consecutive patients with a class I recommendation received CRT from January 2009 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for non-response(defined as cardiac death,heart transplantation,or HF hospitalization during 1-year follow-up).Results Among 296 patients,30(10.1%)met non-response.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that non-response to CRT was associated with a fragmented QRS(odd ratio(OR)=2.86,95%CI:1.14–7.12;P=0.025)and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD)≥77 mm(OR=3.02,95%CI:1.17–7.82;P=0.022).Patients with both of the predictors had a non-response probability of 46.2%(95%CI:19.1%–73.3%).Conclusion In patients with left bundle branch block and wider QRS duration,the proportion of non-response to CRT is not low in real world.The presence of the dilated LVEDD or fragmented QRS is a strong predictor of non-response to CRT.The probability of non-response in the patients with the two predictors was 46.2%.
文摘This study was designed to evaluate whether the revised 2010 Tumour Node Metastasis （TNM） staging system could lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma （RCC） patients. A total of 1216 patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy for RCC from 2003 to 2011 were enrolled. All of the patients had pathologically confirmed clear cell RCC （ccRCC）. All cases were staged by both the 2002 and 2010 TNM staging systems after pathological review, and survival data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate cancer-specific survival （CSS） and progression-free survival （PFS） after surgery. Continuous variables, such as age and tumour diameter, were calculated as mean values and standard deviations （s.d.） or as median values. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test assessed differences between groups. Statistically significant differences in CSS and PFS were noted among patients in T3 subgroups using the new 2010 staging system. Therefore, the revised 2010 TNM staging system can lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of ccRCC patients. However, when using the revised 2010 staging system, we found that more than 92% of patients （288/313） with T3 tumours were staged in the T3a subgroup, and their survival data were not significantly different from those of patients with T2b tumours. In addition, T2 subclassification failed to independently predict survival in RCC patients.
文摘Background Whether cardiac resynchronization therapy super-responders (CRT-SRs) still have indications for neuro-hormonal antagonists or not remains uninvestigated.Methods We reviewed clinical data from 376 patients who underwent CRT implantation in Fuwai Hospital from 2009 to 2015 and followed up to 2017.CRT-SRs were defined by an improvement of the New York Heart Association functional class and left ventricular ejection fraction to ≥ 50% in absolute values at 6-month follow-up.All CRT-SRs were assigned into two groups on the basis of whether persistently receiving neuro-hormonal antagonists (NHA)(defined as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers and β-blockers) after 6-month follow-up and then we compared long-term outcome.Results A total of 60 patients met criteria for super-response.One of thirteen (7.7%) CRT-SRs without NHA had all-cause death,which also occurred in 2 of 47 (4.3%) in CRT-SRs with NHA (P = 0.526).However,3 of 13 (23.1%) CRT-SRs without NHA had heart failure (HF) hospitalization,1 of 47 (2.1%) CRT-SRs with NHA had this endpoint (P = 0.040).Besides,subgroup analysis indicated that,for ischemic etiology group,CRT-SRs receiving NHA had considerably lower incidence of HF hospitalization than those without NHA (0 vs.75%,P = 0.014),which was not observed in non-ischemic etiology group (2.6% vs.0,P = 1.000) during long-term follow-up.Conclusions Our study found that for ischemic etiology,compared with CRT-SRs with NHA,CRT-SRs without NHA were associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalization.However,for non-ischemic etiology,we found that CRT-SRs with NHA or without NHA at follow-up were associated with similar outcomes,which needed further investigation by prospective trials.
