Soil erodibility(K)is a key factor of soil erosion,and its appropriate quantification and interpolation are vitally important for soil and water conservation.The traditional point-represent-polygon approaches and comm...Soil erodibility(K)is a key factor of soil erosion,and its appropriate quantification and interpolation are vitally important for soil and water conservation.The traditional point-represent-polygon approaches and common kriging method for the estimation of K,however,do not sufficiently represent the original data.The objectives of this study were to simulate the spatial distribution of K using a sequential Gaussian algorithm and analyze the uncertainty in evaluating the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.We determined 101 sampling points in the area and collected disturbed soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer at each point.Soil properties were determined,and K was calculated using five common models:the EPIC(Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator),approximate nomograph,Torri,Shirazi,and Wang models.Among the chosen models,the EPIC model performed the best at estimating K(KEPIC),which ranged from 0.019 to 0.060 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1),with a mean of 0.043 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1).The KEPIC was moderately spatially variable and had a limited spatial structure,increasing from south to north in our study area,and all spatial simulations using the cooperative kriging(CK)interpolation and the sequential Gaussian simulation(SGS)with 10,25,50,100,200,and 500 realizations had acceptable accuracies.The CK interpolation narrowed the range,and the SGS maintained the original characteristics of the calculated data.The proportions of the risk area were 38.0% and 10.1%,when the risk probability for K was 60% and 80%,respectively,and high risk areas were mostly located in the north.The results provide scientific guidance for managing the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.展开更多
Thermal quenching has been known to entangle with luminescence naturally,which is primarily driven by a multi-phonon relaxation(MPR)process.Considering that MPR and the phonon-assisted energy transfer(PAET)process may...Thermal quenching has been known to entangle with luminescence naturally,which is primarily driven by a multi-phonon relaxation(MPR)process.Considering that MPR and the phonon-assisted energy transfer(PAET)process may interact cooperatively plays a critical role in conducting the thermal response of luminescence thermometry.Herein,an energy mismatch system of Yb^(3+)∕Ho^(3+)∕Er^(3+)co-dopedβ -Na Lu F4hollow microtubes was delicately proposed to combat thermal quenching of near-infrared(NIR)-Ⅱ luminescence of Ho^(3+)via premeditated Er^(3+)-mediated PAET processes under 980 nm excitation.Meanwhile,the mechanism of antithermal quenching is attributed to the Er^(3+)as an energy trap center to facilitate the PAET process,thereby enabling a considerable energy transfer efficiency of over 80%between Er^(3+)and Ho^(3+)without Yb^(3+)ions as sensitizers.Leveraging the accelerated PAET process at increased temperature and superior emission,the phonontuned NIR-Ⅱ ratiometric thermometers were achieved based on fluoride beyond the reported oxide host,enabling excellent relative sensitivity and resolution(S_(r)=0.57%K-1,δT=0.77 K).This work extends the significant effect of PAET on overcoming the notorious thermal quenching,and offers a unique physical insight for constructing phonon-tuned ratiometric luminescence thermometry.展开更多
Influenza remains a global challenge,imposing a significant burden on society and the economy.Many influenza cases are asymptomatic,leading to greater uncertainty and the under-reporting of cases in influenza transmis...Influenza remains a global challenge,imposing a significant burden on society and the economy.Many influenza cases are asymptomatic,leading to greater uncertainty and the under-reporting of cases in influenza transmission and preventing authorities from taking effective control measures.In this study,we propose a Bayesian hierarchical approach to model and correct under-reporting of influenza cases in Hong Kong,incorporating a discrete-time stochastic,Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible(DT-SIRS)model that allows transmission rate to vary over time.The incidence of influenza exhibits seasonality.To examine the relationship between meteorological factors and seasonal influenza activity in subtropical areas,five meteorological factors are included in the model.The proposed model explores the effects of meteorological factors on transmission rates and disease detection covariates on under-reporting,and the inclusion of the DT-SIRS model enables more accurate inference regarding true disease counts.The results demonstrate that under-reporting rates of influenza cases vary significantly in different years and epidemic seasons.In conclusion,our method effectively captures the dynamic behavior of the disease,and we can accurately estimate under-reporting and provide new possibilities for early warning of influenza based on meteorological data and routine surveillance data.展开更多
Cells need to respond successfully to ever-changing environmental conditions to maintain normal growth.This is achieved through various signal transduction cascades.Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are involved in many aspe...Cells need to respond successfully to ever-changing environmental conditions to maintain normal growth.This is achieved through various signal transduction cascades.Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are involved in many aspects of the growth and development of plants.More than 600 RLKs have been identified and that are involved in various biological processes in展开更多
基金financially supported by the Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water ResourcesChina(No.SYST-2019-013)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceChina(No.BK20181109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41807019)the Jiangsu Science and Technology Department(No.2019039)the Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station of Jiangsu ProvinceChina(No.JSSW201911005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1801801)。
文摘Soil erodibility(K)is a key factor of soil erosion,and its appropriate quantification and interpolation are vitally important for soil and water conservation.The traditional point-represent-polygon approaches and common kriging method for the estimation of K,however,do not sufficiently represent the original data.The objectives of this study were to simulate the spatial distribution of K using a sequential Gaussian algorithm and analyze the uncertainty in evaluating the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.We determined 101 sampling points in the area and collected disturbed soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer at each point.Soil properties were determined,and K was calculated using five common models:the EPIC(Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator),approximate nomograph,Torri,Shirazi,and Wang models.Among the chosen models,the EPIC model performed the best at estimating K(KEPIC),which ranged from 0.019 to 0.060 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1),with a mean of 0.043 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1).The KEPIC was moderately spatially variable and had a limited spatial structure,increasing from south to north in our study area,and all spatial simulations using the cooperative kriging(CK)interpolation and the sequential Gaussian simulation(SGS)with 10,25,50,100,200,and 500 realizations had acceptable accuracies.The CK interpolation narrowed the range,and the SGS maintained the original characteristics of the calculated data.The proportions of the risk area were 38.0% and 10.1%,when the risk probability for K was 60% and 80%,respectively,and high risk areas were mostly located in the north.The results provide scientific guidance for managing the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374374)Key Projects of Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan(20230201060GX)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20232239)Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University(2023CX043)。
文摘Thermal quenching has been known to entangle with luminescence naturally,which is primarily driven by a multi-phonon relaxation(MPR)process.Considering that MPR and the phonon-assisted energy transfer(PAET)process may interact cooperatively plays a critical role in conducting the thermal response of luminescence thermometry.Herein,an energy mismatch system of Yb^(3+)∕Ho^(3+)∕Er^(3+)co-dopedβ -Na Lu F4hollow microtubes was delicately proposed to combat thermal quenching of near-infrared(NIR)-Ⅱ luminescence of Ho^(3+)via premeditated Er^(3+)-mediated PAET processes under 980 nm excitation.Meanwhile,the mechanism of antithermal quenching is attributed to the Er^(3+)as an energy trap center to facilitate the PAET process,thereby enabling a considerable energy transfer efficiency of over 80%between Er^(3+)and Ho^(3+)without Yb^(3+)ions as sensitizers.Leveraging the accelerated PAET process at increased temperature and superior emission,the phonontuned NIR-Ⅱ ratiometric thermometers were achieved based on fluoride beyond the reported oxide host,enabling excellent relative sensitivity and resolution(S_(r)=0.57%K-1,δT=0.77 K).This work extends the significant effect of PAET on overcoming the notorious thermal quenching,and offers a unique physical insight for constructing phonon-tuned ratiometric luminescence thermometry.
文摘Influenza remains a global challenge,imposing a significant burden on society and the economy.Many influenza cases are asymptomatic,leading to greater uncertainty and the under-reporting of cases in influenza transmission and preventing authorities from taking effective control measures.In this study,we propose a Bayesian hierarchical approach to model and correct under-reporting of influenza cases in Hong Kong,incorporating a discrete-time stochastic,Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible(DT-SIRS)model that allows transmission rate to vary over time.The incidence of influenza exhibits seasonality.To examine the relationship between meteorological factors and seasonal influenza activity in subtropical areas,five meteorological factors are included in the model.The proposed model explores the effects of meteorological factors on transmission rates and disease detection covariates on under-reporting,and the inclusion of the DT-SIRS model enables more accurate inference regarding true disease counts.The results demonstrate that under-reporting rates of influenza cases vary significantly in different years and epidemic seasons.In conclusion,our method effectively captures the dynamic behavior of the disease,and we can accurately estimate under-reporting and provide new possibilities for early warning of influenza based on meteorological data and routine surveillance data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570287)
文摘Cells need to respond successfully to ever-changing environmental conditions to maintain normal growth.This is achieved through various signal transduction cascades.Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are involved in many aspects of the growth and development of plants.More than 600 RLKs have been identified and that are involved in various biological processes in
