Based on the different representations of the finite field GF(256), there are different Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) implementations, which is called dual ciphers. They have the same encryption process as AES, bu...Based on the different representations of the finite field GF(256), there are different Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) implementations, which is called dual ciphers. They have the same encryption process as AES, but with parameters modified. The research of dual ciphers initially aims to find more efficient AES implementations, and later it is found that they can be used to resist side-channel attacks and for white box ciphers. In this paper, based on the rotation of columns, we propose new AES dual ciphers, which use AES directly, but with the input matrices(plaintexts and keys) and output matrix rotated. The key expansion algorithm only needs some change on the computation sequence. Because of these features, there is almost no extra cost in implementing dual ciphers and it is easy for new dual ciphers to work with other side-channel protection methods to protect AES in more dimensions.展开更多
文摘目的探讨非侵入性指标三酰甘油葡萄糖(triglyceride-glucouse,TyG)指数对老年人心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)合并代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2013年6—10月上海市浦东新区高行社区老年人群心血管健康研究资料,应用简单线性回归分析各个危险因素之间的相关性,趋势卡方检验评价不同体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、年龄组间CVD合并MS构成的变化趋势,并采用二元Logistic回归模型分析导致CVD合并MS高发的危险因素。绘制ROC曲线评价TyG指数对CVD合并MS患者的预测价值。结果上海社区老年人心血管疾病的患病率为26.84%;CVD合并MS的患病率为6.68%,随年龄增加,CVD和CVD合并MS患病率均有显著上升趋势(χ2=40.23,P<0.05)。在≥80岁组患病率最高,分别为24.96%和7.72%。多元回归分析提示:年龄、肥胖、收缩压、TyG指数、睡眠障碍是CVD合并MS的危险因素,其对应的OR值与95%CI分别为1.02(1.001.05)、1.17(1.121.21)、1.02(1.011.03)、3.80(3.004.83)、2.03(1.432.90)。ROC曲线结果显示:TyG指数的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.823,最佳临界点为7.33,灵敏度84.8%,特异度68.9%。结论TyG指数对社区老年人群心血管疾病合并代谢综合征的预测价值较高,而高龄、男性、肥胖、收缩压增高、睡眠障碍、较高TyG指数是影响CVD合并代谢综合征发生的高危因素。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2016CFB454,2017CFB663)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0800405)
文摘Based on the different representations of the finite field GF(256), there are different Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) implementations, which is called dual ciphers. They have the same encryption process as AES, but with parameters modified. The research of dual ciphers initially aims to find more efficient AES implementations, and later it is found that they can be used to resist side-channel attacks and for white box ciphers. In this paper, based on the rotation of columns, we propose new AES dual ciphers, which use AES directly, but with the input matrices(plaintexts and keys) and output matrix rotated. The key expansion algorithm only needs some change on the computation sequence. Because of these features, there is almost no extra cost in implementing dual ciphers and it is easy for new dual ciphers to work with other side-channel protection methods to protect AES in more dimensions.
