A recently published prospective study marks a breakthrough for congenital olfactory disorders in children.The study provides the first long-term,three-year follow-up data,robustly demonstrating the durable efficacy a...A recently published prospective study marks a breakthrough for congenital olfactory disorders in children.The study provides the first long-term,three-year follow-up data,robustly demonstrating the durable efficacy and safety of autologous nasal epithelial stem cell transplantation.This work reveals immense therapeutic potential for a condition traditionally considered untreatable.However,this milestone achievement also presents new challenges.To translate this pioneering therapy from a single-center success to a global standard,multicenter,controlled clinical trials must be initiated immediately.Only through rigorous validation can we ensure its widespread adoption and ultimately bring hope to millions of children worldwide.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.展开更多
The environmental wind tunnel of high-speed railway trains serves as a crucial experimental facility for the research and development of high-speed railway technology.The refrigeration system within the wind tunnel is...The environmental wind tunnel of high-speed railway trains serves as a crucial experimental facility for the research and development of high-speed railway technology.The refrigeration system within the wind tunnel is an important subsystem.However,the design of the wind tunnel refrigeration system management program presents significant scientific challenges and limitations.Traditional management approaches in wind tunnel refrigeration systems suffer from prolonged decision-making times and reliance on experiential knowledge,necessitating the need for intelligent transformation.This paper aims to address these issues by exploring existing intelligent management methodologies and defining the concept of a wind tunnel intelligent laboratory along with its primary modules.Furthermore,we propose a water cooler failure prediction model based on the existing equipment model of the wind tunnel's refrigeration system.This model effectively predicts the Remaining Useful Life(RUL) of the water cooler in the case of fouling failure,contributing to enhanced efficiency,cost reduction,and safety improvements in laboratories.展开更多
High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluct...High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.展开更多
Lycii Radicis Cortex(LRC)is a medicinal and food homologous plant with various pharmacological activities,including anti-tumor effects.This study explores the anti-tumor effect of LRC on non-small cell lung cancer(NSC...Lycii Radicis Cortex(LRC)is a medicinal and food homologous plant with various pharmacological activities,including anti-tumor effects.This study explores the anti-tumor effect of LRC on non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and its molecular mechanism using mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells.LRC significantly suppressed the growth of NSCLC.Besides,RNA sequencing of mice tumors and hematoxylin&eosin and immunofluorescence staining revealed that LRC promoted the infiltration of T lymphocytes,specifically GZMB~+CD8~+T lymphocytes,in tumor tissues.The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of spleen RNA indicated that LRC up-regulated PD-1-downstream pathways,suggesting that LRC exerted its effects through the PDL1/PD-1 pathway.Further experiments revealed that LRC interacted with PD-L1,blocking PD-L1/PD-1 binding and thus restoring the T cell killing activity on tumor cells.Together,these results support using LRC as healthy food to improve anti-tumor immunity in patients with NSCLC.展开更多
Background This study was carried out to investigate the individual and combined contamination of aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)),deoxynivalenol(DON),and zearalenone(ZEN)in feeds in China between 2021 and 2024.A total of 23,...Background This study was carried out to investigate the individual and combined contamination of aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)),deoxynivalenol(DON),and zearalenone(ZEN)in feeds in China between 2021 and 2024.A total of 23,003 feed samples,including 17,489 feedstuff samples and 5,514 complete feed samples,were collected from different provinces of China for mycotoxin analysis.Results The analyzed mycotoxins displayed considerably high contamination in the feed samples,with the individual contamination of AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN were 20.0%–100%,33.3%–100%,and 85.0%–100%,respectively.The average concentrations of AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN were 1.2–728.7μg/kg,106–8,634.8μg/kg,and 18.1–3,341.6μg/kg,respectively.Notably,the rates over China’s safety standards for AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN in raw ingredients were 9.7%,2.7%,and 15.7%,respectively.Meanwhile,3.5%,1.1%,and 8.7%of analyzed complete feeds exceeded China’s safety standards for AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN,respectively.Moreover,the co-contamination rates of AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN in more than 70%of raw ingredients and 87.5%of complete feed products were 60.0%–100%and 61.5%–100%,respectively.Conclusion This study reveals that the feeds in China have commonly been contaminated with AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN alone and their combination during the past four years.These findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in domestic animal feed and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control.展开更多
Mo_(2)N has been identified as a highly promising carrier for electrocatalysis. However, its complex synthesis method, use of toxic gases, and serious effects on supported noble metals catalyst during hightemperature ...Mo_(2)N has been identified as a highly promising carrier for electrocatalysis. However, its complex synthesis method, use of toxic gases, and serious effects on supported noble metals catalyst during hightemperature sintering processes have seriously affected its hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) activity and stability. Here, we report an efficient strategy for synthesizing Mo_(2)N using the high temperature shock(HTS) method in just 1.67 s, while also uniformly loading Ru onto Mo_(2)N nanosheets. The HTS enables the homogeneous dispersion of the noble metal Ru, leading to an increased electrocatalytic activity,along with a strong charge transfer between Mo_(2)N and Ru. Ru/Mo2N exhibited an overpotential of 66 m V at 10 m A/cm^(2)in 1 mol/L KOH. In the evaluation of catalytic activity, Ru/Mo_(2)N demonstrates superiority over commercial Pt/C catalysts in terms of mass activity(1.71 A/mg Ru vs. 0.91 A/mg Pt at 200 m V) and turnover frequency(1.41 s^(-1)vs. 0.18 s^(-1)at 100 m V). This result provides a rational and effective pathway for the preparation of efficient electrocatalysts.展开更多
Amid increasingly frequent military conflicts and explosion events,accurately predicting the dynamic response of reinforced concrete(RC) slabs,key load-bearing components in building structures,is essential for unders...Amid increasingly frequent military conflicts and explosion events,accurately predicting the dynamic response of reinforced concrete(RC) slabs,key load-bearing components in building structures,is essential for understanding blast-induced damage and enhancing structural protection.However,current approaches predominantly rely on experimental tests,finite element(FE) simulations,and conventional machine learning(ML) techniques,which are o ften costly,inefficie nt,narrowly applicable,and insufficiently accurate.To overcome these challenges,this study aims to optimize ML models,refine architectural designs,and improve model interpretability.A comprehensive dataset comprising 489 samples was constructed by integrating experimental and simulation data from existing literature,incorporating 15 input features and one target variable.Based on this dataset,a novel method,termed MOPSO-TXGBoost,was proposed.Building on XGBoost as a baseline,the method employs multiobjective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO) for hyperparameter tuning,introduces a tri-stream stacking architecture to enhance feature representation,and trains three distinct models to improve generalization performance.A weighted fusion strategy is employed to further enhance the accuracy of predictio n.Additio nally,a model comprehensive evaluation(MCE) index is introduced,which integrates error metrics and fitting performance to facilitate systematic model assessment.Experimental results indicate that,compared with the baseline XGBoost model,the proposed approach reduces prediction error by 61.4% and increases the coefficient of determination(R^(2)) by 0.217.Moreover,it outperforms several mainstream machine learning(ML) algorithms.The findings of this study advance ML-based blast damage prediction and provide theoretical support for safety assessment and protection optimization of RC slab structures.展开更多
Photocatalysis(PC)and photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)represent promising and efficient avenues for harnessing solar energy to produce sustainable clean energy products and environmental remediation.Yet the current reaction...Photocatalysis(PC)and photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)represent promising and efficient avenues for harnessing solar energy to produce sustainable clean energy products and environmental remediation.Yet the current reaction efficiencies remain inadequate,limiting their efficiencies for practice.Despite the growing interest in photo thermal-driven PC/PEC systems,there is no comprehensive review that systematically summarises the role of the photothermal effect in bridging the gap between PC and PEC efficiencies.This review initially introduces the fundamental principles of PC and PEC,alongside the primary photothermal materials and relevant conversion mechanisms.Subsequently,the key influences of photothermal effects on PC and PEC performance(e.g.,light absorption,charge separation and transport,and surface reactions)and optimization strategies are discussed.In addition,the latest advancements in solar photothermal conversion are discussed,mainly focused on the widely application of different types of photothermal drive PC and PEC applications,such as PC and PEC oxygen evolution reaction(OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),pollutant degradation,and sterilization,serving to illustrate the widespread applicability of the photothermal conversion.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of photothermal-assisted PC and PEC are discussed from the perspective of basic research and practical application.This work provides a timely and systematic framework to guide the rational design of photothermal-enhanced PC/PEC systems for sustainable energy and environmental applications.展开更多
Background AFB_(1)-8,9-exo-epoxide(AFBO)is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)).Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB_(1) by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glut...Background AFB_(1)-8,9-exo-epoxide(AFBO)is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)).Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB_(1) by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione(GSH).Although there are over 20 GST isozymes that have been identified in chicken,GST isozymes involved in the detoxification process of AFB_(1) have not been identified yet.The objective of this study was to determine which GST isozymes played key role in detoxification of AFB_(1).Results A total of 17 pcDNA3.1(+)-GST isozyme plasmids were constructed and the GST isozyme genes were overexpressed by 80–2,500,000 folds in the chicken Leghorn male hepatoma(LMH)cells.Compared to the AFB_(1) treatment,overexpression of GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 increased the cell viability by 6.5%–17.0%in LMH cells.Moreover,overexpression of five GST isozymes reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species by 8.8%–64.4%,and 57.2%–77.6%,respectively,as well as enhanced the production AFBO-GSH by 15.8%–19.6%,thus mitigating DNA damage induced by AFB_(1).After comprehensive evaluation of various indicators,GSTA2X displayed the best detoxification effects against AFB_(1).GSTA2X was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and its enzymatic properties for catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with GSH showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 20–25℃ and 7.6–8.6 as well as the enzymatic kinetic parameter V_(max) was 0.23 nmol/min/mg and the Michaelis constant was 86.05μmol/L with the AFB_(1) as substrate.Conclusions In conclusion,GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 played key roles in AFB_(1) detoxification,which will provide new remediation strategies to prevent aflatoxicosis in chickens.展开更多
Precisely tailoring metal single-atoms within zeolite scaffolds and understanding the origin of the unique behavior of such atomically dispersed catalysts are pivotal and challenge in chemistry and catalysis.Herein,we...Precisely tailoring metal single-atoms within zeolite scaffolds and understanding the origin of the unique behavior of such atomically dispersed catalysts are pivotal and challenge in chemistry and catalysis.Herein,we have successfully fabricated Ni single-atoms within BEA zeolite(Ni_(1)@Beta)through a facile in situ two-step hydrothermal strategy,notably without using any chelating agent for stabilizing Ni species.With the aid of advanced characterization techniques,such as aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy,X-ray absorption spectroscopy,etc.,and combined with density functional theory calculations,the nature and micro-environment of isolated Ni species,which are incorporated within 6-membered rings and stabilized by four skeletal oxygens of Beta zeolite,have been identified.The as-obtained Ni1@Beta exhibits a superior performance in terms of activity(with a turnover frequency value up to 114.1 h^(-1))and stability(for 5 consecutive runs)in the selective hydrogenation of furfural,surpassing those of Ni nanoparticle analogues and previously reported Ni-based heterogeneous catalysts.This study provides an efficient strategy for the fabrication of non-noble metal single-atoms within zeolites,which could be of great help for the design of metal-zeolite combinations in the chemoselective reactions involved in biomass conversion and beyond.展开更多
Oxygen is essential for the biochemical processes that sustain life in eukaryotic organisms.Although plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis,they often struggle to survive in low-oxygen environments,such as durin...Oxygen is essential for the biochemical processes that sustain life in eukaryotic organisms.Although plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis,they often struggle to survive in low-oxygen environments,such as during flooding or submergence.To endure these conditions,they must reprogram their developmental and metabolic networks,and the adaptation process involves the continuous detection of both exogenous hypoxic signals and endogenous oxygen gradients.Recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of how plants respond to both endogenous and exogenous hypoxia signals.In this review,we explore advancements in both areas,comparing them to responses in animals,with a primary focus on how plants perceive and respond to exogenous hypoxic conditions,particularly those caused by flooding or submergence,as well as the hypoxia signaling pathways in different crops.Additionally,we discuss the interplay between endogenous and exogenous hypoxia signals in plants.Finally,we discuss future research directions aimed at improving crop resilience to flooding by integrating the perception and responses to both endogenous and exogenous signals.Through these efforts,we aspire to contribute to the development of crop varieties that are not only highly resistant but also experience minimal growth and yield penalties,thereby making substantial contributions to agricultural science.展开更多
Hot subdwarf stars are important celestial objects in the study of stellar physics,but the population remains limited.The LAMOST DR12-V1,released in 2025 March,is currently the world’s largest spectroscopic database,...Hot subdwarf stars are important celestial objects in the study of stellar physics,but the population remains limited.The LAMOST DR12-V1,released in 2025 March,is currently the world’s largest spectroscopic database,holding great potential for the search of hot subdwarf stars.In this study,we propose a two-stage deep learning model called the hot subdwarf network(HsdNet),which integrates multiple advanced techniques,comprising a binary classification model in stage one and a five-class classification model in stage two.HsdNet not only achieves high precision with 94.33%and 94.00%in the binary and the five-class classification stages,respectively,but also quantifies the predicted uncertainty,enhancing the interpretability of the classification results through visualizing the model’s key focus regions.We applied HsdNet to the 601,217 spectra from the LAMOST DR12-V1 database,conducting a two-stage search for hot subdwarf candidates.In stage one,we initially identified candidates using the binary classification model.In stage two,the five-class classification model was used to further refine these candidates.Finally,we confirmed 1008 newly identified hot subdwarf stars.The distribution of their atmospheric parameters is consistent with that of known hot subdwarf stars.These efforts are expected to significantly advance the research on hot subdwarf stars.展开更多
Oxysulfide semiconductors are promising photocatalysts for visible light-driven water splitting.For a widely studied narrow-bandgap Sm_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)S_(2)(STOS),limited bulk charge separation and slow surface reaction...Oxysulfide semiconductors are promising photocatalysts for visible light-driven water splitting.For a widely studied narrow-bandgap Sm_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)S_(2)(STOS),limited bulk charge separation and slow surface reaction heavily restrict its photocatalytic performance.Here,well-crystallized STOS oxysulfide nanosheets,synthesized by a flux-assisted solid-state reaction,were proved to show prominent facet-oriented charge transport property,in which photogenerated electrons migrated to{101}planes and holes to{001}planes of each particle.Hydrogen evolution cocatalysts were therefore precisely positioned on the electron-rich facets to boost the water reduction reaction.In particular,in-situ formation of a Ptshell@Ircore core-shell structure on the electron-rich{101}facets and an IrO_(2) on the hole-accumulated{001}facets greatly assisted the sacrificial photocatalytic H_(2) production over STOS,resulting in an apparent quantum yield as high as 35.9%at 420 nm.By using the highly-active STOS as H_(2) evolution photocatalyst,a Mo:BiVO_(4) as oxygen evolution photocatalyst,and a[Co(bpy)_(3)]^(2+/3+)as redox shuttle,a Z-Scheme overall water splitting system was constructed to achieve a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.175%.This work not only elucidates the facet-dependent charge transfer mechanism on STOS but also proposes an ideal strategy for enhancing its photocatalytic performance.展开更多
Astronomical spectra are vital for deriving stellar properties,yet low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)spectra often obscure key features,complicating accurate analysis.This study presents spec-Diffusion Probabilistic Model...Astronomical spectra are vital for deriving stellar properties,yet low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)spectra often obscure key features,complicating accurate analysis.This study presents spec-Diffusion Probabilistic Models(DDPM),a novel deep learning approach based on DDPM,aimed at denoising low SNR spectra to improve stellar parameter estimation.Leveraging the LAMOST DR10 data set,we developed spec-DDPM using a tailored U-Net architecture(spec-Unet)to iteratively predict and remove noise.The model was trained on 28,500 low and high SNR spectral pairs and benchmarked against conventional methods,including Principal Component Analysis,wavelet techniques,and a modified DnCNN model.The spec-DDPM demonstrated superior performance,with reduced Mean Absolute Error,elevated Structural Similarity Index Measure,and enhanced spectral loss metrics.It effectively preserved critical spectral features and corrected continuum distortions.Validation experiments further confirmed its ability to improve stellar parameter estimation with reduced errors.These results underscore spec-DDPM’s potential to elevate spectral data quality,offering applications in restoring defective spectra and refining large-scale astronomical surveys.This work highlights the transformative role of deep learning in astronomical data processing.展开更多
The spectral memory effect in scattering media is crucial for applications that employ broadband illumination,as it dictates the available spectral range from independent scattering responses.Previous studies mainly c...The spectral memory effect in scattering media is crucial for applications that employ broadband illumination,as it dictates the available spectral range from independent scattering responses.Previous studies mainly considered a passive result with the average impact of the scattering medium,whereas it is vital to actively enhance or suppress this effect for applications concerned with large spectral range or fine resolution.We construct an analytical model by integrating the concepts of wave-based interference and photon-based propagation,which manifests a potential physical image for active manipulation by utilizing scattering eigenchannels.Our theoretical predictions indicate that the spectral memory effect is enhanced using high-transmission eigenchannels while it is suppressed using low-transmission eigenchannels.These predictions are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations and experiments,demonstrating that the spectral memory effect’s range can be actively manipulated.Quantitatively,the experiments achieved variations in enhancement and suppression that exceeded threefold(∼3.27).We clarify the underlying principles of the spectral memory effect in scattering media and demonstrate active manipulation of multispectral scattering processes.展开更多
文摘A recently published prospective study marks a breakthrough for congenital olfactory disorders in children.The study provides the first long-term,three-year follow-up data,robustly demonstrating the durable efficacy and safety of autologous nasal epithelial stem cell transplantation.This work reveals immense therapeutic potential for a condition traditionally considered untreatable.However,this milestone achievement also presents new challenges.To translate this pioneering therapy from a single-center success to a global standard,multicenter,controlled clinical trials must be initiated immediately.Only through rigorous validation can we ensure its widespread adoption and ultimately bring hope to millions of children worldwide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2412093 and 52170068)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT24RC(3)079).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.
文摘The environmental wind tunnel of high-speed railway trains serves as a crucial experimental facility for the research and development of high-speed railway technology.The refrigeration system within the wind tunnel is an important subsystem.However,the design of the wind tunnel refrigeration system management program presents significant scientific challenges and limitations.Traditional management approaches in wind tunnel refrigeration systems suffer from prolonged decision-making times and reliance on experiential knowledge,necessitating the need for intelligent transformation.This paper aims to address these issues by exploring existing intelligent management methodologies and defining the concept of a wind tunnel intelligent laboratory along with its primary modules.Furthermore,we propose a water cooler failure prediction model based on the existing equipment model of the wind tunnel's refrigeration system.This model effectively predicts the Remaining Useful Life(RUL) of the water cooler in the case of fouling failure,contributing to enhanced efficiency,cost reduction,and safety improvements in laboratories.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51976092)。
文摘High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2022A1515011575)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(81873154)President Foundation of Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Southern Medical University,China(1202103010)。
文摘Lycii Radicis Cortex(LRC)is a medicinal and food homologous plant with various pharmacological activities,including anti-tumor effects.This study explores the anti-tumor effect of LRC on non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and its molecular mechanism using mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells.LRC significantly suppressed the growth of NSCLC.Besides,RNA sequencing of mice tumors and hematoxylin&eosin and immunofluorescence staining revealed that LRC promoted the infiltration of T lymphocytes,specifically GZMB~+CD8~+T lymphocytes,in tumor tissues.The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of spleen RNA indicated that LRC up-regulated PD-1-downstream pathways,suggesting that LRC exerted its effects through the PDL1/PD-1 pathway.Further experiments revealed that LRC interacted with PD-L1,blocking PD-L1/PD-1 binding and thus restoring the T cell killing activity on tumor cells.Together,these results support using LRC as healthy food to improve anti-tumor immunity in patients with NSCLC.
基金supported by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation projects(32272915 and 32472949)National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2023YFD1301003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023DKPY002)Hebei Panshuo Biotechnolog Co.,Ltd.
文摘Background This study was carried out to investigate the individual and combined contamination of aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)),deoxynivalenol(DON),and zearalenone(ZEN)in feeds in China between 2021 and 2024.A total of 23,003 feed samples,including 17,489 feedstuff samples and 5,514 complete feed samples,were collected from different provinces of China for mycotoxin analysis.Results The analyzed mycotoxins displayed considerably high contamination in the feed samples,with the individual contamination of AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN were 20.0%–100%,33.3%–100%,and 85.0%–100%,respectively.The average concentrations of AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN were 1.2–728.7μg/kg,106–8,634.8μg/kg,and 18.1–3,341.6μg/kg,respectively.Notably,the rates over China’s safety standards for AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN in raw ingredients were 9.7%,2.7%,and 15.7%,respectively.Meanwhile,3.5%,1.1%,and 8.7%of analyzed complete feeds exceeded China’s safety standards for AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN,respectively.Moreover,the co-contamination rates of AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN in more than 70%of raw ingredients and 87.5%of complete feed products were 60.0%–100%and 61.5%–100%,respectively.Conclusion This study reveals that the feeds in China have commonly been contaminated with AFB_(1),DON,and ZEN alone and their combination during the past four years.These findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in domestic animal feed and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2232061)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42377227)。
文摘Mo_(2)N has been identified as a highly promising carrier for electrocatalysis. However, its complex synthesis method, use of toxic gases, and serious effects on supported noble metals catalyst during hightemperature sintering processes have seriously affected its hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) activity and stability. Here, we report an efficient strategy for synthesizing Mo_(2)N using the high temperature shock(HTS) method in just 1.67 s, while also uniformly loading Ru onto Mo_(2)N nanosheets. The HTS enables the homogeneous dispersion of the noble metal Ru, leading to an increased electrocatalytic activity,along with a strong charge transfer between Mo_(2)N and Ru. Ru/Mo2N exhibited an overpotential of 66 m V at 10 m A/cm^(2)in 1 mol/L KOH. In the evaluation of catalytic activity, Ru/Mo_(2)N demonstrates superiority over commercial Pt/C catalysts in terms of mass activity(1.71 A/mg Ru vs. 0.91 A/mg Pt at 200 m V) and turnover frequency(1.41 s^(-1)vs. 0.18 s^(-1)at 100 m V). This result provides a rational and effective pathway for the preparation of efficient electrocatalysts.
文摘Amid increasingly frequent military conflicts and explosion events,accurately predicting the dynamic response of reinforced concrete(RC) slabs,key load-bearing components in building structures,is essential for understanding blast-induced damage and enhancing structural protection.However,current approaches predominantly rely on experimental tests,finite element(FE) simulations,and conventional machine learning(ML) techniques,which are o ften costly,inefficie nt,narrowly applicable,and insufficiently accurate.To overcome these challenges,this study aims to optimize ML models,refine architectural designs,and improve model interpretability.A comprehensive dataset comprising 489 samples was constructed by integrating experimental and simulation data from existing literature,incorporating 15 input features and one target variable.Based on this dataset,a novel method,termed MOPSO-TXGBoost,was proposed.Building on XGBoost as a baseline,the method employs multiobjective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO) for hyperparameter tuning,introduces a tri-stream stacking architecture to enhance feature representation,and trains three distinct models to improve generalization performance.A weighted fusion strategy is employed to further enhance the accuracy of predictio n.Additio nally,a model comprehensive evaluation(MCE) index is introduced,which integrates error metrics and fitting performance to facilitate systematic model assessment.Experimental results indicate that,compared with the baseline XGBoost model,the proposed approach reduces prediction error by 61.4% and increases the coefficient of determination(R^(2)) by 0.217.Moreover,it outperforms several mainstream machine learning(ML) algorithms.The findings of this study advance ML-based blast damage prediction and provide theoretical support for safety assessment and protection optimization of RC slab structures.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978276)。
文摘Photocatalysis(PC)and photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)represent promising and efficient avenues for harnessing solar energy to produce sustainable clean energy products and environmental remediation.Yet the current reaction efficiencies remain inadequate,limiting their efficiencies for practice.Despite the growing interest in photo thermal-driven PC/PEC systems,there is no comprehensive review that systematically summarises the role of the photothermal effect in bridging the gap between PC and PEC efficiencies.This review initially introduces the fundamental principles of PC and PEC,alongside the primary photothermal materials and relevant conversion mechanisms.Subsequently,the key influences of photothermal effects on PC and PEC performance(e.g.,light absorption,charge separation and transport,and surface reactions)and optimization strategies are discussed.In addition,the latest advancements in solar photothermal conversion are discussed,mainly focused on the widely application of different types of photothermal drive PC and PEC applications,such as PC and PEC oxygen evolution reaction(OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),pollutant degradation,and sterilization,serving to illustrate the widespread applicability of the photothermal conversion.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of photothermal-assisted PC and PEC are discussed from the perspective of basic research and practical application.This work provides a timely and systematic framework to guide the rational design of photothermal-enhanced PC/PEC systems for sustainable energy and environmental applications.
基金supported by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation Projects 32072775,32272915 and 32472949the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2023YFD1301003 and 2023YFD1301005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023DKPY002)。
文摘Background AFB_(1)-8,9-exo-epoxide(AFBO)is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)).Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB_(1) by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione(GSH).Although there are over 20 GST isozymes that have been identified in chicken,GST isozymes involved in the detoxification process of AFB_(1) have not been identified yet.The objective of this study was to determine which GST isozymes played key role in detoxification of AFB_(1).Results A total of 17 pcDNA3.1(+)-GST isozyme plasmids were constructed and the GST isozyme genes were overexpressed by 80–2,500,000 folds in the chicken Leghorn male hepatoma(LMH)cells.Compared to the AFB_(1) treatment,overexpression of GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 increased the cell viability by 6.5%–17.0%in LMH cells.Moreover,overexpression of five GST isozymes reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species by 8.8%–64.4%,and 57.2%–77.6%,respectively,as well as enhanced the production AFBO-GSH by 15.8%–19.6%,thus mitigating DNA damage induced by AFB_(1).After comprehensive evaluation of various indicators,GSTA2X displayed the best detoxification effects against AFB_(1).GSTA2X was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and its enzymatic properties for catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with GSH showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 20–25℃ and 7.6–8.6 as well as the enzymatic kinetic parameter V_(max) was 0.23 nmol/min/mg and the Michaelis constant was 86.05μmol/L with the AFB_(1) as substrate.Conclusions In conclusion,GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 played key roles in AFB_(1) detoxification,which will provide new remediation strategies to prevent aflatoxicosis in chickens.
文摘Precisely tailoring metal single-atoms within zeolite scaffolds and understanding the origin of the unique behavior of such atomically dispersed catalysts are pivotal and challenge in chemistry and catalysis.Herein,we have successfully fabricated Ni single-atoms within BEA zeolite(Ni_(1)@Beta)through a facile in situ two-step hydrothermal strategy,notably without using any chelating agent for stabilizing Ni species.With the aid of advanced characterization techniques,such as aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy,X-ray absorption spectroscopy,etc.,and combined with density functional theory calculations,the nature and micro-environment of isolated Ni species,which are incorporated within 6-membered rings and stabilized by four skeletal oxygens of Beta zeolite,have been identified.The as-obtained Ni1@Beta exhibits a superior performance in terms of activity(with a turnover frequency value up to 114.1 h^(-1))and stability(for 5 consecutive runs)in the selective hydrogenation of furfural,surpassing those of Ni nanoparticle analogues and previously reported Ni-based heterogeneous catalysts.This study provides an efficient strategy for the fabrication of non-noble metal single-atoms within zeolites,which could be of great help for the design of metal-zeolite combinations in the chemoselective reactions involved in biomass conversion and beyond.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200217,32270302,and 32030006)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0340).
文摘Oxygen is essential for the biochemical processes that sustain life in eukaryotic organisms.Although plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis,they often struggle to survive in low-oxygen environments,such as during flooding or submergence.To endure these conditions,they must reprogram their developmental and metabolic networks,and the adaptation process involves the continuous detection of both exogenous hypoxic signals and endogenous oxygen gradients.Recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of how plants respond to both endogenous and exogenous hypoxia signals.In this review,we explore advancements in both areas,comparing them to responses in animals,with a primary focus on how plants perceive and respond to exogenous hypoxic conditions,particularly those caused by flooding or submergence,as well as the hypoxia signaling pathways in different crops.Additionally,we discuss the interplay between endogenous and exogenous hypoxia signals in plants.Finally,we discuss future research directions aimed at improving crop resilience to flooding by integrating the perception and responses to both endogenous and exogenous signals.Through these efforts,we aspire to contribute to the development of crop varieties that are not only highly resistant but also experience minimal growth and yield penalties,thereby making substantial contributions to agricultural science.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province with grant Nos.ZR2024MA063,ZR2022MA076 and ZR2022MA089Additional support was provided by the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with grant Nos.CMS-CSST-2021-B05 and CMS-CSST-2021-A08+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant Nos.11873037 and 11803016Furthermore,the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University,Weihai(2016WHWLJH09)provided support for this research.
文摘Hot subdwarf stars are important celestial objects in the study of stellar physics,but the population remains limited.The LAMOST DR12-V1,released in 2025 March,is currently the world’s largest spectroscopic database,holding great potential for the search of hot subdwarf stars.In this study,we propose a two-stage deep learning model called the hot subdwarf network(HsdNet),which integrates multiple advanced techniques,comprising a binary classification model in stage one and a five-class classification model in stage two.HsdNet not only achieves high precision with 94.33%and 94.00%in the binary and the five-class classification stages,respectively,but also quantifies the predicted uncertainty,enhancing the interpretability of the classification results through visualizing the model’s key focus regions.We applied HsdNet to the 601,217 spectra from the LAMOST DR12-V1 database,conducting a two-stage search for hot subdwarf candidates.In stage one,we initially identified candidates using the binary classification model.In stage two,the five-class classification model was used to further refine these candidates.Finally,we confirmed 1008 newly identified hot subdwarf stars.The distribution of their atmospheric parameters is consistent with that of known hot subdwarf stars.These efforts are expected to significantly advance the research on hot subdwarf stars.
文摘Oxysulfide semiconductors are promising photocatalysts for visible light-driven water splitting.For a widely studied narrow-bandgap Sm_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)S_(2)(STOS),limited bulk charge separation and slow surface reaction heavily restrict its photocatalytic performance.Here,well-crystallized STOS oxysulfide nanosheets,synthesized by a flux-assisted solid-state reaction,were proved to show prominent facet-oriented charge transport property,in which photogenerated electrons migrated to{101}planes and holes to{001}planes of each particle.Hydrogen evolution cocatalysts were therefore precisely positioned on the electron-rich facets to boost the water reduction reaction.In particular,in-situ formation of a Ptshell@Ircore core-shell structure on the electron-rich{101}facets and an IrO_(2) on the hole-accumulated{001}facets greatly assisted the sacrificial photocatalytic H_(2) production over STOS,resulting in an apparent quantum yield as high as 35.9%at 420 nm.By using the highly-active STOS as H_(2) evolution photocatalyst,a Mo:BiVO_(4) as oxygen evolution photocatalyst,and a[Co(bpy)_(3)]^(2+/3+)as redox shuttle,a Z-Scheme overall water splitting system was constructed to achieve a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.175%.This work not only elucidates the facet-dependent charge transfer mechanism on STOS but also proposes an ideal strategy for enhancing its photocatalytic performance.
基金study was Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant Nos.11873037 and 11803016the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with Nos.CMS-CSST-2021-B05 and CMSCSST-2021-A08+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under grant Nos.ZR2022MA076,ZR2022MA089 and ZR2024MA063the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University,Weihai,under grant No.2016WHWLJH09 and GHfund A(202202018107).
文摘Astronomical spectra are vital for deriving stellar properties,yet low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)spectra often obscure key features,complicating accurate analysis.This study presents spec-Diffusion Probabilistic Models(DDPM),a novel deep learning approach based on DDPM,aimed at denoising low SNR spectra to improve stellar parameter estimation.Leveraging the LAMOST DR10 data set,we developed spec-DDPM using a tailored U-Net architecture(spec-Unet)to iteratively predict and remove noise.The model was trained on 28,500 low and high SNR spectral pairs and benchmarked against conventional methods,including Principal Component Analysis,wavelet techniques,and a modified DnCNN model.The spec-DDPM demonstrated superior performance,with reduced Mean Absolute Error,elevated Structural Similarity Index Measure,and enhanced spectral loss metrics.It effectively preserved critical spectral features and corrected continuum distortions.Validation experiments further confirmed its ability to improve stellar parameter estimation with reduced errors.These results underscore spec-DDPM’s potential to elevate spectral data quality,offering applications in restoring defective spectra and refining large-scale astronomical surveys.This work highlights the transformative role of deep learning in astronomical data processing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12325408,92150102,62205302,92150301,12274129,12074121,62105101,62175066,12274139,and 12404380)the Fundamental and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou(Grant No.2024A04J2001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2024B1515020051 and 2023A1515110742).
文摘The spectral memory effect in scattering media is crucial for applications that employ broadband illumination,as it dictates the available spectral range from independent scattering responses.Previous studies mainly considered a passive result with the average impact of the scattering medium,whereas it is vital to actively enhance or suppress this effect for applications concerned with large spectral range or fine resolution.We construct an analytical model by integrating the concepts of wave-based interference and photon-based propagation,which manifests a potential physical image for active manipulation by utilizing scattering eigenchannels.Our theoretical predictions indicate that the spectral memory effect is enhanced using high-transmission eigenchannels while it is suppressed using low-transmission eigenchannels.These predictions are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations and experiments,demonstrating that the spectral memory effect’s range can be actively manipulated.Quantitatively,the experiments achieved variations in enhancement and suppression that exceeded threefold(∼3.27).We clarify the underlying principles of the spectral memory effect in scattering media and demonstrate active manipulation of multispectral scattering processes.
