以黑龙江省松嫩平原为研究区,探究不同降水年类型下灌溉对玉米产量和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,E_(WU))的影响,并制定科学合理的玉米灌溉方案,以提高农业水资源的利用效率。考虑玉米不同生育期和灌水定额的影响,共拟定37种灌...以黑龙江省松嫩平原为研究区,探究不同降水年类型下灌溉对玉米产量和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,E_(WU))的影响,并制定科学合理的玉米灌溉方案,以提高农业水资源的利用效率。考虑玉米不同生育期和灌水定额的影响,共拟定37种灌溉方案,并将其输入本地化的水作物模型(AquaCrop)中进行模拟分析。探究不同降水年类型下雨养和灌溉对玉米产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率(irrigation water use efficiency,E_(IWU))的影响,确定关键灌溉期。通过对不同降水年类型下玉米产量和E_(WU)的对比关系进行分析,确定最优的灌溉制度。结果表明:AquaCrop模型能较好地模拟松嫩平原玉米的生长过程;在玉米关键生育期,适时适量的灌溉能确保作物获得足够的水分,减少产量损失,提高E_(WU),但过度灌溉会导致两者降低;综合考虑玉米产量和E_(WU),在特枯水年,苗期-拔节期(20 mm)、拔节-抽雄期(60 mm)和抽雄-灌浆期(60 mm)为最优灌溉方案;在枯水年,拔节-抽雄期(60 mm)和抽雄-灌浆期(60 mm)为最优灌溉方案,平水年和丰水年降水可以满足玉米水分需求,不需要灌溉。研究可为黑龙江省松嫩平原地区制定更加合理有效的玉米灌溉制度提供相应的理论依据,从而更好地应对气候变化和水资源短缺带来的挑战,保障粮食安全。展开更多
Research on germination strategies has been proposed as a tool for understanding the evolutionary patterns of plant species living in extreme climate conditions. Previous research has concentrated on spring-germinated...Research on germination strategies has been proposed as a tool for understanding the evolutionary patterns of plant species living in extreme climate conditions. Previous research has concentrated on spring-germinated plants, while there has been little investigation on the ecological significance of ephemeral plants that germinate in both autumn and spring. The biological characteristics and life history strategies of autumn-and spring-germinated plants of Hypecoum erectum L. that belongs to Hypecoum in Papaveraceae family in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, were investigated from 2016 to 2017. Results showed that:(1) the interval from seedling emergence to the end of the life cycle in autumn-germinated plants(202–208 d) was significantly longer than that in spring-germinated plants(53–65 d);(2) the height, crown, principal axis and the number of leaves of autumn-germinated plants were much greater than those of spring-germinated plants;(3) allocation of dry mass to reproduction was 30.24%(±2.41%) and 10.12%(±0.68%) in autumn-and spring-germinated plants, respectively. Autumn-germinated seedlings of H. erectum had an advantage in avoiding the competition between annual and perennial herbs that had longer periods of vegetative growth.Spring-germinated seedlings need to ensure the survival of population when only a fewer autumn-germinated seedlings successfully overwinter. In an unpredictable environment, the germination strategy of bet hedging not only utilizes the resources and reduces the competition intensity in offspring,but also ensures the survival of the plant population.展开更多
文摘以黑龙江省松嫩平原为研究区,探究不同降水年类型下灌溉对玉米产量和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,E_(WU))的影响,并制定科学合理的玉米灌溉方案,以提高农业水资源的利用效率。考虑玉米不同生育期和灌水定额的影响,共拟定37种灌溉方案,并将其输入本地化的水作物模型(AquaCrop)中进行模拟分析。探究不同降水年类型下雨养和灌溉对玉米产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率(irrigation water use efficiency,E_(IWU))的影响,确定关键灌溉期。通过对不同降水年类型下玉米产量和E_(WU)的对比关系进行分析,确定最优的灌溉制度。结果表明:AquaCrop模型能较好地模拟松嫩平原玉米的生长过程;在玉米关键生育期,适时适量的灌溉能确保作物获得足够的水分,减少产量损失,提高E_(WU),但过度灌溉会导致两者降低;综合考虑玉米产量和E_(WU),在特枯水年,苗期-拔节期(20 mm)、拔节-抽雄期(60 mm)和抽雄-灌浆期(60 mm)为最优灌溉方案;在枯水年,拔节-抽雄期(60 mm)和抽雄-灌浆期(60 mm)为最优灌溉方案,平水年和丰水年降水可以满足玉米水分需求,不需要灌溉。研究可为黑龙江省松嫩平原地区制定更加合理有效的玉米灌溉制度提供相应的理论依据,从而更好地应对气候变化和水资源短缺带来的挑战,保障粮食安全。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660061, 31460183, 31200417)the Corps Scientific Program Project (2015AD023)
文摘Research on germination strategies has been proposed as a tool for understanding the evolutionary patterns of plant species living in extreme climate conditions. Previous research has concentrated on spring-germinated plants, while there has been little investigation on the ecological significance of ephemeral plants that germinate in both autumn and spring. The biological characteristics and life history strategies of autumn-and spring-germinated plants of Hypecoum erectum L. that belongs to Hypecoum in Papaveraceae family in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, were investigated from 2016 to 2017. Results showed that:(1) the interval from seedling emergence to the end of the life cycle in autumn-germinated plants(202–208 d) was significantly longer than that in spring-germinated plants(53–65 d);(2) the height, crown, principal axis and the number of leaves of autumn-germinated plants were much greater than those of spring-germinated plants;(3) allocation of dry mass to reproduction was 30.24%(±2.41%) and 10.12%(±0.68%) in autumn-and spring-germinated plants, respectively. Autumn-germinated seedlings of H. erectum had an advantage in avoiding the competition between annual and perennial herbs that had longer periods of vegetative growth.Spring-germinated seedlings need to ensure the survival of population when only a fewer autumn-germinated seedlings successfully overwinter. In an unpredictable environment, the germination strategy of bet hedging not only utilizes the resources and reduces the competition intensity in offspring,but also ensures the survival of the plant population.
