In the field of lithium-ion battery cathode materials, lithium-rich layered oxide materials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional discharge specific capacity and high operating voltage. However,...In the field of lithium-ion battery cathode materials, lithium-rich layered oxide materials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional discharge specific capacity and high operating voltage. However, their limitations in terms of cycling stability and rate capability remain major impediments to their wider application. In this study, an innovative approach was employed by simultaneously utilizing the acidic and oxidative properties of phosphomolybdic acid to generate a spinel structure and in-situ coating of a conductive polymer(polypyrrole) on the surface of lithium-rich layered oxide materials. This strategy aimed to mitigate structural degradation during charge-discharge cycles, enhance the ionic/electronic conductivity, and suppress side reactions. Experimental results demonstrated that after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 C, the modified sample exhibited a discharge specific capacity of 193.4 m Ah/g, with an improved capacity retention rate of 83.3% and a minimal voltage decay of only 0.27 V. These findings provide compelling support for the development and application of next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes have obvious merits such as strong ability to dissolve salts(e.g.,LiTFSI)and high flexibility,but their applications in solid-state batteries is hindered by the low ion condu...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes have obvious merits such as strong ability to dissolve salts(e.g.,LiTFSI)and high flexibility,but their applications in solid-state batteries is hindered by the low ion conductance and poor mechanical and thermal properties.Herein,poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)is employed as a multifunctional additive to improve the overall properties of the PEO-based electrolytes.The hydrogen-bond interactions between PMIA and PEO/TFSI-can effectively prevent the PEO crystallization and meanwhile facilitate the LiTFSI dissociation,and thus greatly improve the ionic conductivity(two times that of the pristine electrolyte at room temperature).With the incorporation of the high-strength PMIA with tough amide-benzene backbones,the PMIA/PEO-LiTFSI composite polymer electrolyte(CPE)membranes also show much higher mechanical strength(2.96 MPa),thermostability(4190℃)and interfacial stability against Li dendrites(468 h at 0.10 mA cm-2)than the pristine electrolyte(0.32 MPa,364℃and short circuit after 246 h).Furthermore,the CPE-based LiFePO4/Li cells exhibit superior cycling stability(137 mAh g^-1 with 93%retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 C)and rate performance(123 mAh g^-1 at 1.0 C).This work provides a novel and effective CPE structure design strategy to achieve comprehensively-upgraded electrolytes for promising solid-state battery applications.展开更多
Li-rich layered oxide cathodes have received considerable attention because of the high operating potential and specific capacity. However, the structural instability and parasitic reactions at high potential cause se...Li-rich layered oxide cathodes have received considerable attention because of the high operating potential and specific capacity. However, the structural instability and parasitic reactions at high potential cause severe degradation of the electrochemical performance. In our studies, the cycling stability of Li_(1.14)Ni_(0.133)Co_(0.133)Mn_(0.544)O_(2) cathode is improved with LiPO_(2)F_(2) electrolyte additive. After 500 cycles, the capacity retention is increased from 53.6% to 85% at 3 C by LiPO_(2)F_(2) modification. This performance is mainly attributed to the enhanced interfacial stability of the Li-rich cathode. Based on systematic characterization, LiPO_(2)F_(2) additive was found to promote a stable interface film on the cathode surface during the cycling and mitigates the interfacial side reactions. This study provides new insights for improving high-potential Li-rich layered oxide batteries.展开更多
As promising anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs),antimony sulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))possesses high specific capacity but suffers from massive volume expansion and sluggish kinetics due to the large K^(+)inser...As promising anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs),antimony sulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))possesses high specific capacity but suffers from massive volume expansion and sluggish kinetics due to the large K^(+)insertion,resulting in inferior cycling and rate performance.To address these challenges,a yolk-shell structured Sb_(2)S_(3)confined in N,S co-doped hollow carbon nanorod(YS-Sb_(2)S_(3)@NSC)working as a viable anode for PIBs is proposed.As directly verified by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM),the buffer space between the Sb_(2)S_(3)core and thin carbon shell can effectively accommodate the large expansion stress of Sb_(2)S_(3)without cracking the shell and the carbon shell can accelerate electron transport and K^(+)diffusion,which plays a significant role in reinforcing the structural stability and facilitating charge transfer.As a result,the YS-Sb_(2)S_(3)@NSC electrode delivers a high reversible K^(+)storage capacity of 594.58 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)and a long cycle life with a slight capacity degradation(0.01%per cycle)for 2000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)while maintaining outstanding rate capability.Importantly,utilizing in in situ/ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations,the origins of performance enhancement and K^(+)storage mechanism of Sb_(2)S_(3)were clearly elucidated.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance and durable transition metal sulfides-based anodes for PIBs.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes are considered as one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes for next-generation lithium batteries with high safety and energy density;however,the drawbacks such as i...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes are considered as one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes for next-generation lithium batteries with high safety and energy density;however,the drawbacks such as insufficient ion conductance,mechanical strength and electrochemical stability hinder their applications in metallic lithium batteries.To enhance their overall properties,flexible and thin composite polymer electrolyte(CPE)membranes with 3D continuous aramid nanofiber(ANF)–Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)nanoparticle hybrid frameworks are facilely prepared by filling PEO–Li TFSI in the 3D nanohybrid scaffolds via a solution infusion way.The construction of the 3D continuous nanohybrid networks can effectively inhibit the PEO crystallization,facilitate the lithium salt dissociation and meanwhile increase the fast-ion transport in the continuous LATP electrolyte phase,and thus greatly improving the ionic conductivity(~3 times that of the pristine one).With the integration of the 3D continuity and flexibility of the 3D ANF networks and the thermostability of the LATP phase,the CPE membranes also show a wider electrochemical window(~5.0 V vs.4.3 V),higher tensile strength(~4–10times that of the pristine one)and thermostability,and better lithium dendrite resistance capability.Furthermore,the CPE-based Li FePO_(4)/Li cells exhibit superior cycling stability(133 m Ah/g after 100 cycles at 0.3 C)and rate performance(100 m Ah/g at 1 C)than the pristine electrolyte-based cell(79 and 29m Ah/g,respectively).This work offers an important CPE design criteria to achieve comprehensivelyupgraded solid-state electrolytes for safe and high-energy metal battery applications.展开更多
The effect of annealing temperature on the formation of the PtSi phase. distribution of silicides and the surface morphologies of silicides films is investigated by XPS. AFM. It is shown that the phase sequences of t...The effect of annealing temperature on the formation of the PtSi phase. distribution of silicides and the surface morphologies of silicides films is investigated by XPS. AFM. It is shown that the phase sequences of the films change from Pt-Pt2Si-PtSi-Si to Pt+Pt2Si+PtSi-PtSi-Si or Pt+Pt2Si+PtSi-PtSi-st with an increase of annealing temperature and the reason for the formation of mixed layers is discussed.展开更多
Metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have made substantial progress in power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability in the past decade thanks to the advancements in perovskite deposition methodology,charge transp...Metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have made substantial progress in power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability in the past decade thanks to the advancements in perovskite deposition methodology,charge transport layer(CTL)optimization,and encapsulation technology.Solution-based methods have been intensively investigated and a 25.7% certified efficiency has been achieved.Vacuum vapor deposition protocols were less studied,but have nevertheless received increasing attention from industry and academia due to the great potential for large-area module fabrication,facile integration with tandem solar cell architectures,and compatibility with industrial manufacturing approaches.In this article,we systematically discuss the applications of several promising vacuum vapor deposition techniques,namely thermal evaporation,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),atomic layer deposition(ALD),magnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition(PLD),and electron beam evaporation(e-beam evaporation)in the fabrication of CTLs,perovskite absorbers,encapsulants,and connection layers for monolithic tandem solar cells.展开更多
Boosting the interfacial stability between electrolyte and Li-rich cathode material at high operating voltage is vital important to enhance the cycling stability of Li-rich cathode materials for high-performance Li-io...Boosting the interfacial stability between electrolyte and Li-rich cathode material at high operating voltage is vital important to enhance the cycling stability of Li-rich cathode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries.In this work,vinyltrimethylsilane as a new type of organic silicon electrolyte additive is studied to address the interfacial instability of Li-rich cathode material at high operating voltage.The cells using vinyltrimethylsilane additive shows the high capacity retention of 73.9%after 300 cycles at 1 C,whereas the cells without this kind of additive only have the capacity retention of 58.9%.The improvement of stability is mainly attributed to the additive helping to form a more stable surface film for Li-rich cathode material,thus avoiding direct contact between the electrolyte and the cathode material,slowing down the dissolution of metal ions and the decomposition of the electrolyte under high operating voltage.Our findings in this work shed some light on the design of stable cycling performance of Li-rich cathode toward advanced Li-ion batteries.展开更多
The crack propagation and domain switching process around the indentation on the surface of barium titanate single crystal under the external electric field was investigated by atomic force microscope and polarized li...The crack propagation and domain switching process around the indentation on the surface of barium titanate single crystal under the external electric field was investigated by atomic force microscope and polarized light microscope. The evolutions of domain switching and crack propagation were in-situ observed when a 90°a- c domain wall moved across the indentation which was driven by external electric field. The results show that the incompatible strain induced by domain switching in the residual stress zone around the indentation is the driving force of the anisotropic crack propagation. The crack propagation results in the changes of the fine domain stripes around the crack tip.展开更多
Bronze phase TiO_(2)[TiO_(2)(B)]has great research potential for sodium storage since it has a higher theoretical capacity and ion mobility compared with other phases of TiO_(2).In this case,preparing porous TiO_(2)(B...Bronze phase TiO_(2)[TiO_(2)(B)]has great research potential for sodium storage since it has a higher theoretical capacity and ion mobility compared with other phases of TiO_(2).In this case,preparing porous TiO_(2)(B)nanosheets,which can provide abundant sodium insertion channels,is the most effective way to improve transport kinetics.Here,we use the strong one-dimensional TiO_(2)nanowires as the matrix for stringing these nanosheets together through a simple solvothermal method to build a bunchy hierarchical structure[TiO_(2)(B)-BH],which has fast pseudocapacitance behavior,high structural stability,and effective ion/electron transport.With the superiorities of this structure design,TiO_(2)(B)-BH has a higher capacity(131 vs.70 mAh g^(−1)[TiO_(2)-NWs]at 0.5 C).And it is worth mentioning that the reversible capacity of up to 500 cycles can still be maintained at 85 mAh g^(−1)at a high rate of 10 C.Meanwhile,we also further analyzed the sodium storage mechanism through the ex-situ X-ray powder diffraction test,which proved the high structural stability of TiO_(2)(B)-BH in the process of sodiumization/de-sodiumization.This strategy of uniformly integrating nanosheets into a matrix can also be extended to preparing electrode material structures of other energy devices.展开更多
High-performance and low-cost gas sensors are highly desirable and involved in industrial production and environmental detection.The combination of highly conductive MXene and metal oxide materials is a promising stra...High-performance and low-cost gas sensors are highly desirable and involved in industrial production and environmental detection.The combination of highly conductive MXene and metal oxide materials is a promising strategy to further improve the sensing performances.In this study,the hollow SnO_(2)nanospheres and few-layer MXene are assembled rationally via facile electrostatic synthesis processes,then the SnO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanocomposites were obtained.Compared with that based on either pure SnO_(2)nanoparticles or hollow nanospheres of SnO_(2),the SnO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite-based sensor exhibits much better sensing performances such as higher response(36.979),faster response time(5 s),and much improved selectivity as well as stability(15 days)to 100ppm C2H5OH at low working temperature(200°C).The improved sensing performances are mainly attributed to the large specific surface area and significantly increased oxygen vacancy concentration,which provides a large number of active sites for gas adsorption and surface catalytic reaction.In addition,the heterostructure interfaces between SnO_(2)hollow spheres and MXene layers are beneficial to gas sensing behaviors due to the synergistic effect.展开更多
Although perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) more than 22% have been realized with expensive organic charge-transporting materials, their stability and high cost remain to be addressed. In ...Although perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) more than 22% have been realized with expensive organic charge-transporting materials, their stability and high cost remain to be addressed. In this work, the perovskite configuration of MAPbX(MA = CH_3 NH_3,X = I_3, Br_3, or I_2Br) integrated with stable and low-cost Cu:Ni Oxhole-transporting material, ZnO electron-transporting material, and Al counter electrode was modeled as a planar PSC and studied theoretically. A solar cell simulation program(wx AMPS), which served as an update of the popular solar cell simulation tool(AMPS: Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures), was used. The study yielded a detailed understanding of the role of each component in the solar celland its effect on the photovoltaic parameters as a whole. The bandgap of active materials and operating temperature of the modeled solar cell were shown to influence the solar cell performance in a significant way. Further, the simulation results reveal a strong dependence of photovoltaic parameters on the thickness and defect density of the light-absorbing layers. Under moderate simulation conditions, the MAPb Br_3 and MAPbI _2 Br cells recorded the highest PCEs of 20.58 and 19.08%, respectively, while MAPbI_3 cell gave a value of 16.14%.展开更多
Silicon(Si)hybrid solar cells have advantages of solution manufacturing process and the potential for achieving low-cost fabrication compared to crystalline Si solar cells.However,the functional layer prepared by solu...Silicon(Si)hybrid solar cells have advantages of solution manufacturing process and the potential for achieving low-cost fabrication compared to crystalline Si solar cells.However,the functional layer prepared by solution method usually absorbs water molecules from the air,posing a challenge to the stability of the device.Here,a PEDOT derivative,PEDOT:A,was in situ prepared through the introduction of afluoropolymer,yielding a strongly hydrophobicfilm that was assembled into a PEDOT:A/Si hybrid solar cell.The PEDOT:A/Si hybrid solar cells retained 90%of its initial performance after storage in the air for 300 h,while PEDOT:PSS only retained 60%with identical device structure.Meanwhile,first principles calculations indicate that the binding energy betweenfluoropolymer and water molecule was2.61 kJ/mol,whereas the binding energy between PSS and water molecule was5.76 kJ/mol.Benefiting from the weak interaction betweenfluoropolymer and water molecule,the contact angle of water on PEDOT:Afilm was 100.84°.After optimization,PEDOT:A/Si hybrid solar cells with ITO achieved a power conversion efficiency of 6.43%,retained 97%of its initial efficiency after testing under same conditions.The development of air-stable hybrid device technology is promising in opening up practical applications of lowcost Si based solar cells.展开更多
The development and utilization of clean energy have emerged as indispensable technologies within contemporary societal structures,and the development of photo-rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(PR-LIB)holds new promi...The development and utilization of clean energy have emerged as indispensable technologies within contemporary societal structures,and the development of photo-rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(PR-LIB)holds new promise for simultaneously eliminating solar energy volatility limitations and realizing battery self-charging.In this study,we present photoactive electrodes consisting of lead-free bismuth-based hybrid perovskite that combine the dual functions of photovoltaic conversion and energy storage.It was found that the PR-LIB based on this electrode increased the discharge capacity of the battery from 236.0 mA h g^(-1) in the dark to 282.4 mA h g^(-1)(a current density of 50 mA g^(-1))with a growth rate of 19.7%under light conditions.The photogenerated carriers generated by the methylammonium bismuth iodide(MBI)effectively accelerated the charge transfer and lithium-ion diffusion,which contributed to the increase of the capacity and the decrease of the charge-transfer resistance.Furthermore,the charging potential decreased by 0.1 V(6%reduction in input power)while the discharging potential increased by 0.1 V(11.8%increase in output power)under light.This work demonstrates the potential of PR-LIB as an efficient,energy-saving battery in portable electronic devices.展开更多
The practical application of solid polymer electrolytes in high-energy Li metal batteries is hindered by Li dendrites,electrochemical instability and insufficient ion conductance.To address these issues,flexible compo...The practical application of solid polymer electrolytes in high-energy Li metal batteries is hindered by Li dendrites,electrochemical instability and insufficient ion conductance.To address these issues,flexible composite polymer electrolyte(CPE)membranes with three dimensional(3D)aramid nanofiber(ANF)frameworks are facilely fabricated by filling polyethylene oxide(PEO)-lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide(Li TFSI)electrolyte into 3D ANF scaffolds.Because of the unique composite structure design and the continuous ion conduction at the 3D ANF framework/PEO-Li TFSI interfaces,the CPE membranes show higher mechanical strength(10.0 MPa),thermostability,electrochemical stability(4.6 V at 60℃)and ionic conductivity than the pristine PEO-Li TFSI electrolyte.Thus,the CPEs display greatly improved interfacial stability against Li dendrites(≥1000 h at 30℃under 0.10 m A cm-2),compared with the pristine electrolyte(short circuit in 13 h).The CPE-based all-solid-state LiFePO4/Li cells also exhibit superior cycling performance(e.g.,130 mA h g-1 with 93%retention after 100 cycles at 0.4 C)than the ANF-free cells(e.g.,82 mA h g-1 with 66%retention).This work offers a simple and effective way to achieve high-performance composite electrolyte membranes with 3D nanofiller framework for promising solid-state Li metal battery applications.展开更多
Silicon(Si)-based solid-state batteries(Si-SSBs)are attracting tremendous attention because of their high energy density and unprecedented safety,making them become promising candidates for next-generation energy stor...Silicon(Si)-based solid-state batteries(Si-SSBs)are attracting tremendous attention because of their high energy density and unprecedented safety,making them become promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems.Nevertheless,the commercialization of Si-SSBs is significantly impeded by enormous challenges including large volume variation,severe interfacial problems,elusive fundamental mechanisms,and unsatisfied electrochemical performance.Besides,some unknown electrochemical processes in Si-based anode,solid-state electrolytes(SSEs),and Si-based anode/SSE interfaces are still needed to be explored,while an in-depth understanding of solid–solid interfacial chemistry is insufficient in Si-SSBs.This review aims to summarize the current scientific and technological advances and insights into tackling challenges to promote the deployment of Si-SSBs.First,the differences between various conventional liquid electrolyte-dominated Si-based lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with Si-SSBs are discussed.Subsequently,the interfacial mechanical contact model,chemical reaction properties,and charge transfer kinetics(mechanical–chemical kinetics)between Si-based anode and three different SSEs(inorganic(oxides)SSEs,organic–inorganic composite SSEs,and inorganic(sulfides)SSEs)are systemically reviewed,respectively.Moreover,the progress for promising inorganic(sulfides)SSE-based Si-SSBs on the aspects of electrode constitution,three-dimensional structured electrodes,and external stack pressure is highlighted,respectively.Finally,future research directions and prospects in the development of Si-SSBs are proposed.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)possess comprehensive advantages such as high flexibility,low interfacial resistance with the electrodes,excellent film-forming ability,and low price,however,their applications in solid...Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)possess comprehensive advantages such as high flexibility,low interfacial resistance with the electrodes,excellent film-forming ability,and low price,however,their applications in solid-state batteries are mainly hindered by the insufficient ionic conductivity especially below the melting temperatures,etc.To improve the ion conduction capability and other properties,a variety of modification strategies have been exploited.In this review article,we scrutinize the structure characteristics and the ion transfer behaviors of the SPEs(and their composites)and then disclose the ion conduction mechanisms.The ion transport involves the ion hopping and the polymer segmental motion,and the improvement in the ionic conductivity is mainly attributed to the increase of the concentration and mobility of the charge carriers and the construction of fast-ion pathways.Furthermore,the recent advances on the modification strategies of the SPEs to enhance the ion conduction from copolymer structure design to lithium salt exploitation,additive engineering,and electrolyte micromorphology adjustion are summarized.This article intends to give a comprehensive,systemic,and profound understanding of the ion conduction and enhancement mechanisms of the SPEs for their viable applications in solid-state batteries with high safety and energy density.展开更多
Single-.nanowire solar cells with a unique light-concentration property are expected to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit.The architecture of single nanowire is an important factor to regulate its optical performance...Single-.nanowire solar cells with a unique light-concentration property are expected to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit.The architecture of single nanowire is an important factor to regulate its optical performance.We designed a trilobal silicon nanowire(SiNW)with two cquivalent scales that possesses superior light-absorption efficiency in the whole wavelength range and shows good tolerance for incident angle.The electric field distribution in this geometry is concentrated in the blade with small equivalent scale and pivot with large equivalent scale,respectively,in the short wavelength range and long wavelength range.Corresponding good light absorption of trilobal SiNW in the two wavelength ranges leads to stronger total light absorption capacity than that of cylindrical SiNW.Trilobal single nanowire solar cells can obtain a short-circuit current density(JSC)of 647 mA·cm^2,which provides a new choice for designing single nanowire with excellent light-capture capability.展开更多
Heterojunction and sandwich architectures are two new-type structures with great potential for solar cells.Specifically,the heterojunction structure possesses the advantages of efficient charge separation but suffers ...Heterojunction and sandwich architectures are two new-type structures with great potential for solar cells.Specifically,the heterojunction structure possesses the advantages of efficient charge separation but suffers from band offset and large interface recombination;the sandwich configuration is favorable for transferring carriers but requires complex fabrication process.Here,we have designed two thin-film polycrystalline solar cells with novel structures：sandwich CIGS and heterojunction perovskite,referring to the advantages of the architectures of sandwich perovskite（standard）and heterojunction CIGS（standard）solar cells,respectively.A reliable simulation software wxAMPS is used to investigate their inherent characteristics with variation of the thickness and doping density of absorber layer.The results reveal that sandwich CIGS solar cell is able to exhibit an optimized efficiency of 20.7%,which is much higher than the standard heterojunction CIGS structure（18.48%）.The heterojunction perovskite solar cell can be more efficient employing thick and doped perovskite films（16.9%）than these typically utilizing thin and weak-doping/intrinsic perovskite films（9.6%）.This concept of structure modulation proves to be useful and can be applicable for other solar cells.展开更多
Topochemical transformation has emerged as a promising method for fabricating two-dimensional (2D) materials with precise control over their composition and morphology. However, the large-scale synthesis of ultrathin ...Topochemical transformation has emerged as a promising method for fabricating two-dimensional (2D) materials with precise control over their composition and morphology. However, the large-scale synthesis of ultrathin 2D materials with controllable thickness remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, we adopt an efficient topochemical synthesis strategy, employing a confined reaction space to fabricate ultrathin 2D Sn_(4)P_(3) nanosheets in large-scale. By carefully adjusting the rolling number during the processing of Sn/Al foils, we have successfully fabricated Sn_(4)P_(3) nanosheets with varied layer thicknesses, achieving a remarkable minimum thickness of two layers (~ 2.2 nm). Remarkably, the bilayer Sn_(4)P_(3) nanosheets display an exceptional initial capacity of 1088 mAh·g^(−1), nearing the theoretical value of 1230 mAh·g^(−1). Furthermore, we reveal their high-rate property as well as outstanding cyclic stability, maintaining capacity without fading more than 3000 cycles. By precisely controlling the layer thickness and ensuring nanoscale uniformity, we enhance the lithium cycling performance of Sn_(4)P_(3), marking a significant advancement in developing high-performance energy storage systems.展开更多
基金supported partially by projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52272200, 51972110, 52102245, 52102203 and 52072121)State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources (Nos. LAPS21004, LAPS202114)+5 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 2222076, 2222077)Hebei Natural Science Foundation (No. E2022502022)Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project (No. HNKJ20-H88)2022 Strategic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Education, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2022M721129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 2022MS030, 2021MS028, 2020MS023, 2020MS028)the NCEPU "Double First-Class" Program。
文摘In the field of lithium-ion battery cathode materials, lithium-rich layered oxide materials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional discharge specific capacity and high operating voltage. However, their limitations in terms of cycling stability and rate capability remain major impediments to their wider application. In this study, an innovative approach was employed by simultaneously utilizing the acidic and oxidative properties of phosphomolybdic acid to generate a spinel structure and in-situ coating of a conductive polymer(polypyrrole) on the surface of lithium-rich layered oxide materials. This strategy aimed to mitigate structural degradation during charge-discharge cycles, enhance the ionic/electronic conductivity, and suppress side reactions. Experimental results demonstrated that after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 C, the modified sample exhibited a discharge specific capacity of 193.4 m Ah/g, with an improved capacity retention rate of 83.3% and a minimal voltage decay of only 0.27 V. These findings provide compelling support for the development and application of next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported partially by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(L172036)Joint Funds of the Equipment Pre-Research and Ministry of Education(6141A020225)+3 种基金Par-Eu Scholars Program,Science and Technology Beijing 100 Leading Talent Training ProjectChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M631419)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2017ZZD02,2019QN001)NCEPU“Double First-Class”Graduate Talent Cultivation Program。
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes have obvious merits such as strong ability to dissolve salts(e.g.,LiTFSI)and high flexibility,but their applications in solid-state batteries is hindered by the low ion conductance and poor mechanical and thermal properties.Herein,poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)is employed as a multifunctional additive to improve the overall properties of the PEO-based electrolytes.The hydrogen-bond interactions between PMIA and PEO/TFSI-can effectively prevent the PEO crystallization and meanwhile facilitate the LiTFSI dissociation,and thus greatly improve the ionic conductivity(two times that of the pristine electrolyte at room temperature).With the incorporation of the high-strength PMIA with tough amide-benzene backbones,the PMIA/PEO-LiTFSI composite polymer electrolyte(CPE)membranes also show much higher mechanical strength(2.96 MPa),thermostability(4190℃)and interfacial stability against Li dendrites(468 h at 0.10 mA cm-2)than the pristine electrolyte(0.32 MPa,364℃and short circuit after 246 h).Furthermore,the CPE-based LiFePO4/Li cells exhibit superior cycling stability(137 mAh g^-1 with 93%retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 C)and rate performance(123 mAh g^-1 at 1.0 C).This work provides a novel and effective CPE structure design strategy to achieve comprehensively-upgraded electrolytes for promising solid-state battery applications.
基金supported partially by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (L172036)the Joint Funds of the Equipment Pre-Research and Ministry of Education (6141A020225)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 52072323 and 51872098)the Science and Technology Beijing 100 Leading Talent Training Projectthe NCEPU ‘‘Double First-Class” Program. We thank Dr. Rui Liu for suggestions on the crystal structure analysis。
文摘Li-rich layered oxide cathodes have received considerable attention because of the high operating potential and specific capacity. However, the structural instability and parasitic reactions at high potential cause severe degradation of the electrochemical performance. In our studies, the cycling stability of Li_(1.14)Ni_(0.133)Co_(0.133)Mn_(0.544)O_(2) cathode is improved with LiPO_(2)F_(2) electrolyte additive. After 500 cycles, the capacity retention is increased from 53.6% to 85% at 3 C by LiPO_(2)F_(2) modification. This performance is mainly attributed to the enhanced interfacial stability of the Li-rich cathode. Based on systematic characterization, LiPO_(2)F_(2) additive was found to promote a stable interface film on the cathode surface during the cycling and mitigates the interfacial side reactions. This study provides new insights for improving high-potential Li-rich layered oxide batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.52072323 and 52122211)the"Double-First Class"Foundation of Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing Discipline of Xiamen Universitythe State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(Grant No.LAPS22005)。
文摘As promising anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs),antimony sulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))possesses high specific capacity but suffers from massive volume expansion and sluggish kinetics due to the large K^(+)insertion,resulting in inferior cycling and rate performance.To address these challenges,a yolk-shell structured Sb_(2)S_(3)confined in N,S co-doped hollow carbon nanorod(YS-Sb_(2)S_(3)@NSC)working as a viable anode for PIBs is proposed.As directly verified by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM),the buffer space between the Sb_(2)S_(3)core and thin carbon shell can effectively accommodate the large expansion stress of Sb_(2)S_(3)without cracking the shell and the carbon shell can accelerate electron transport and K^(+)diffusion,which plays a significant role in reinforcing the structural stability and facilitating charge transfer.As a result,the YS-Sb_(2)S_(3)@NSC electrode delivers a high reversible K^(+)storage capacity of 594.58 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)and a long cycle life with a slight capacity degradation(0.01%per cycle)for 2000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)while maintaining outstanding rate capability.Importantly,utilizing in in situ/ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations,the origins of performance enhancement and K^(+)storage mechanism of Sb_(2)S_(3)were clearly elucidated.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance and durable transition metal sulfides-based anodes for PIBs.
基金supported partially by the project of State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(LAPS21004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972110,52102245,52072121)+5 种基金the Beijing Science and Technology Project(Z211100004621010)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222076,2222077)the Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project(HNKJ20-H88)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(E2022502022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021MS028,2020MS023,2020MS028)the NCEPU“Double First-Class”Program。
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes are considered as one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes for next-generation lithium batteries with high safety and energy density;however,the drawbacks such as insufficient ion conductance,mechanical strength and electrochemical stability hinder their applications in metallic lithium batteries.To enhance their overall properties,flexible and thin composite polymer electrolyte(CPE)membranes with 3D continuous aramid nanofiber(ANF)–Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)nanoparticle hybrid frameworks are facilely prepared by filling PEO–Li TFSI in the 3D nanohybrid scaffolds via a solution infusion way.The construction of the 3D continuous nanohybrid networks can effectively inhibit the PEO crystallization,facilitate the lithium salt dissociation and meanwhile increase the fast-ion transport in the continuous LATP electrolyte phase,and thus greatly improving the ionic conductivity(~3 times that of the pristine one).With the integration of the 3D continuity and flexibility of the 3D ANF networks and the thermostability of the LATP phase,the CPE membranes also show a wider electrochemical window(~5.0 V vs.4.3 V),higher tensile strength(~4–10times that of the pristine one)and thermostability,and better lithium dendrite resistance capability.Furthermore,the CPE-based Li FePO_(4)/Li cells exhibit superior cycling stability(133 m Ah/g after 100 cycles at 0.3 C)and rate performance(100 m Ah/g at 1 C)than the pristine electrolyte-based cell(79 and 29m Ah/g,respectively).This work offers an important CPE design criteria to achieve comprehensivelyupgraded solid-state electrolytes for safe and high-energy metal battery applications.
文摘The effect of annealing temperature on the formation of the PtSi phase. distribution of silicides and the surface morphologies of silicides films is investigated by XPS. AFM. It is shown that the phase sequences of the films change from Pt-Pt2Si-PtSi-Si to Pt+Pt2Si+PtSi-PtSi-Si or Pt+Pt2Si+PtSi-PtSi-st with an increase of annealing temperature and the reason for the formation of mixed layers is discussed.
基金financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803304)The project supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20221080065,20223080044)+9 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21872080)State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment(Nos.SKLD21Z03 and SKLD20M03)The Chinese Thousand Talents Program for Young Professionals,State Grid Corporation of China,National Bio Energy Co.,Ltd.Grant Number 52789922000DChina Huaneng Group Co.,Ltd.,and grant no.HNKJ20-H88financial support of the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(Grant agreement No.834431)the Spanish Agencia estatal de investigacion(AEI)Grant PDC2021-121317-I00funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033by the“European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”the support from the Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Universitythe support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52232008).
文摘Metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have made substantial progress in power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability in the past decade thanks to the advancements in perovskite deposition methodology,charge transport layer(CTL)optimization,and encapsulation technology.Solution-based methods have been intensively investigated and a 25.7% certified efficiency has been achieved.Vacuum vapor deposition protocols were less studied,but have nevertheless received increasing attention from industry and academia due to the great potential for large-area module fabrication,facile integration with tandem solar cell architectures,and compatibility with industrial manufacturing approaches.In this article,we systematically discuss the applications of several promising vacuum vapor deposition techniques,namely thermal evaporation,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),atomic layer deposition(ALD),magnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition(PLD),and electron beam evaporation(e-beam evaporation)in the fabrication of CTLs,perovskite absorbers,encapsulants,and connection layers for monolithic tandem solar cells.
基金supported partially by State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(Nos.LAPS_(2)1004,LAPS_(2)02114)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272200,51972110,52102245 and 52072121)+6 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Project(No.Z211100004621010)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2222076,2222077)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.E2022502022)Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project(No.HNKJ20-H88)2022 Strategic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Education,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2022MS030,2021MS028,2020MS023,2020MS028)the NCEPU"Double First-Class"Program and the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(No.LAPS22005).
文摘Boosting the interfacial stability between electrolyte and Li-rich cathode material at high operating voltage is vital important to enhance the cycling stability of Li-rich cathode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries.In this work,vinyltrimethylsilane as a new type of organic silicon electrolyte additive is studied to address the interfacial instability of Li-rich cathode material at high operating voltage.The cells using vinyltrimethylsilane additive shows the high capacity retention of 73.9%after 300 cycles at 1 C,whereas the cells without this kind of additive only have the capacity retention of 58.9%.The improvement of stability is mainly attributed to the additive helping to form a more stable surface film for Li-rich cathode material,thus avoiding direct contact between the electrolyte and the cathode material,slowing down the dissolution of metal ions and the decomposition of the electrolyte under high operating voltage.Our findings in this work shed some light on the design of stable cycling performance of Li-rich cathode toward advanced Li-ion batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51072021,51202067,51172069 and 50972032)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20110036110006)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.11ZG02 and12QN15)
文摘The crack propagation and domain switching process around the indentation on the surface of barium titanate single crystal under the external electric field was investigated by atomic force microscope and polarized light microscope. The evolutions of domain switching and crack propagation were in-situ observed when a 90°a- c domain wall moved across the indentation which was driven by external electric field. The results show that the incompatible strain induced by domain switching in the residual stress zone around the indentation is the driving force of the anisotropic crack propagation. The crack propagation results in the changes of the fine domain stripes around the crack tip.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(L172036)Joint Funds of the Equipment Pre-Research and Ministry of Education(6141A020225)+1 种基金Par-Eu Scholars Program,Science and Technology Beijing 100 Leading Talent Training Project,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020FR002,2020MS023,2020MS028,2021MS028)the NCEPU"Double First-Class"Program,the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(LAPS21004).
文摘Bronze phase TiO_(2)[TiO_(2)(B)]has great research potential for sodium storage since it has a higher theoretical capacity and ion mobility compared with other phases of TiO_(2).In this case,preparing porous TiO_(2)(B)nanosheets,which can provide abundant sodium insertion channels,is the most effective way to improve transport kinetics.Here,we use the strong one-dimensional TiO_(2)nanowires as the matrix for stringing these nanosheets together through a simple solvothermal method to build a bunchy hierarchical structure[TiO_(2)(B)-BH],which has fast pseudocapacitance behavior,high structural stability,and effective ion/electron transport.With the superiorities of this structure design,TiO_(2)(B)-BH has a higher capacity(131 vs.70 mAh g^(−1)[TiO_(2)-NWs]at 0.5 C).And it is worth mentioning that the reversible capacity of up to 500 cycles can still be maintained at 85 mAh g^(−1)at a high rate of 10 C.Meanwhile,we also further analyzed the sodium storage mechanism through the ex-situ X-ray powder diffraction test,which proved the high structural stability of TiO_(2)(B)-BH in the process of sodiumization/de-sodiumization.This strategy of uniformly integrating nanosheets into a matrix can also be extended to preparing electrode material structures of other energy devices.
基金This work is supported partially by the project of the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(Nos.LAPS21004,LAPS202114)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272200,51972110,52102245 and 52072121)+6 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Project(No.Z211100004621010)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2222076,2222077)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.E2022502022)Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project(No.HNKJ20-H88)2022 Strategic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Education,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2022MS030,2021MS028,2020MS023,2020MS028)the NCEPU“Double First-Class”Program.This research was also supported by Brain Pool program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.2021H1D3A2A01100019).
文摘High-performance and low-cost gas sensors are highly desirable and involved in industrial production and environmental detection.The combination of highly conductive MXene and metal oxide materials is a promising strategy to further improve the sensing performances.In this study,the hollow SnO_(2)nanospheres and few-layer MXene are assembled rationally via facile electrostatic synthesis processes,then the SnO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanocomposites were obtained.Compared with that based on either pure SnO_(2)nanoparticles or hollow nanospheres of SnO_(2),the SnO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite-based sensor exhibits much better sensing performances such as higher response(36.979),faster response time(5 s),and much improved selectivity as well as stability(15 days)to 100ppm C2H5OH at low working temperature(200°C).The improved sensing performances are mainly attributed to the large specific surface area and significantly increased oxygen vacancy concentration,which provides a large number of active sites for gas adsorption and surface catalytic reaction.In addition,the heterostructure interfaces between SnO_(2)hollow spheres and MXene layers are beneficial to gas sensing behaviors due to the synergistic effect.
基金supported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51772096, 51372082, 51402106, and 11504107)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (17L20075)+4 种基金Joint Funds of the Equipment Pre-Research and Ministry of Education (6141A020225)National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, No. 2015AA034601)Par-Eu Scholars ProgramBeijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Z161100002616039)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016JQ01, 2017ZZD02)
文摘Although perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) more than 22% have been realized with expensive organic charge-transporting materials, their stability and high cost remain to be addressed. In this work, the perovskite configuration of MAPbX(MA = CH_3 NH_3,X = I_3, Br_3, or I_2Br) integrated with stable and low-cost Cu:Ni Oxhole-transporting material, ZnO electron-transporting material, and Al counter electrode was modeled as a planar PSC and studied theoretically. A solar cell simulation program(wx AMPS), which served as an update of the popular solar cell simulation tool(AMPS: Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures), was used. The study yielded a detailed understanding of the role of each component in the solar celland its effect on the photovoltaic parameters as a whole. The bandgap of active materials and operating temperature of the modeled solar cell were shown to influence the solar cell performance in a significant way. Further, the simulation results reveal a strong dependence of photovoltaic parameters on the thickness and defect density of the light-absorbing layers. Under moderate simulation conditions, the MAPb Br_3 and MAPbI _2 Br cells recorded the highest PCEs of 20.58 and 19.08%, respectively, while MAPbI_3 cell gave a value of 16.14%.
基金supported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.52232008,51972110,52102245,62304125,and 52072121)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222076,2222077)+3 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Project(Z211100004621010),project of State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(LAPS2024-05)2022 Strategic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Education,Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project(HNKJ20-H88)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022MS029,2022MS02,2022MS031)the NCEPU"Double First-Class"Program.
文摘Silicon(Si)hybrid solar cells have advantages of solution manufacturing process and the potential for achieving low-cost fabrication compared to crystalline Si solar cells.However,the functional layer prepared by solution method usually absorbs water molecules from the air,posing a challenge to the stability of the device.Here,a PEDOT derivative,PEDOT:A,was in situ prepared through the introduction of afluoropolymer,yielding a strongly hydrophobicfilm that was assembled into a PEDOT:A/Si hybrid solar cell.The PEDOT:A/Si hybrid solar cells retained 90%of its initial performance after storage in the air for 300 h,while PEDOT:PSS only retained 60%with identical device structure.Meanwhile,first principles calculations indicate that the binding energy betweenfluoropolymer and water molecule was2.61 kJ/mol,whereas the binding energy between PSS and water molecule was5.76 kJ/mol.Benefiting from the weak interaction betweenfluoropolymer and water molecule,the contact angle of water on PEDOT:Afilm was 100.84°.After optimization,PEDOT:A/Si hybrid solar cells with ITO achieved a power conversion efficiency of 6.43%,retained 97%of its initial efficiency after testing under same conditions.The development of air-stable hybrid device technology is promising in opening up practical applications of lowcost Si based solar cells.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710404 and 2022YFB4200301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52232008,51972110,52102245,52072121,52402254,22109002 and 22409061)+7 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222076,2222077 and Z240024)the Beijing Nova Program(20220484016)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)the 2022 Strategic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Educationthe Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project(HNKJ20-H88)the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(LAPS2024-05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022MS029,2022MS02,2022MS031,2023MS042,2023MS047,2023MS042 and 2023MS047)the NCEPU"Double First-Class"Program。
文摘The development and utilization of clean energy have emerged as indispensable technologies within contemporary societal structures,and the development of photo-rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(PR-LIB)holds new promise for simultaneously eliminating solar energy volatility limitations and realizing battery self-charging.In this study,we present photoactive electrodes consisting of lead-free bismuth-based hybrid perovskite that combine the dual functions of photovoltaic conversion and energy storage.It was found that the PR-LIB based on this electrode increased the discharge capacity of the battery from 236.0 mA h g^(-1) in the dark to 282.4 mA h g^(-1)(a current density of 50 mA g^(-1))with a growth rate of 19.7%under light conditions.The photogenerated carriers generated by the methylammonium bismuth iodide(MBI)effectively accelerated the charge transfer and lithium-ion diffusion,which contributed to the increase of the capacity and the decrease of the charge-transfer resistance.Furthermore,the charging potential decreased by 0.1 V(6%reduction in input power)while the discharging potential increased by 0.1 V(11.8%increase in output power)under light.This work demonstrates the potential of PR-LIB as an efficient,energy-saving battery in portable electronic devices.
基金supported partially by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L172036)Joint Funds of the Equipment Pre-Research and Ministry of Education(6141A020225)+2 种基金Par-Eu Scholars Program,Science and Technology Beijing 100 Leading Talent Training Project,Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z161100002616039)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M631419)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017ZZD02 and 2019QN001).
文摘The practical application of solid polymer electrolytes in high-energy Li metal batteries is hindered by Li dendrites,electrochemical instability and insufficient ion conductance.To address these issues,flexible composite polymer electrolyte(CPE)membranes with three dimensional(3D)aramid nanofiber(ANF)frameworks are facilely fabricated by filling polyethylene oxide(PEO)-lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide(Li TFSI)electrolyte into 3D ANF scaffolds.Because of the unique composite structure design and the continuous ion conduction at the 3D ANF framework/PEO-Li TFSI interfaces,the CPE membranes show higher mechanical strength(10.0 MPa),thermostability,electrochemical stability(4.6 V at 60℃)and ionic conductivity than the pristine PEO-Li TFSI electrolyte.Thus,the CPEs display greatly improved interfacial stability against Li dendrites(≥1000 h at 30℃under 0.10 m A cm-2),compared with the pristine electrolyte(short circuit in 13 h).The CPE-based all-solid-state LiFePO4/Li cells also exhibit superior cycling performance(e.g.,130 mA h g-1 with 93%retention after 100 cycles at 0.4 C)than the ANF-free cells(e.g.,82 mA h g-1 with 66%retention).This work offers a simple and effective way to achieve high-performance composite electrolyte membranes with 3D nanofiller framework for promising solid-state Li metal battery applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.52072323,52122211 and 21875155)the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(Grant No.LAPS22005)+3 种基金the Frontier Exploration Projects of Longmen Laboratory(Grant No.LMQYTSKT008)the Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(No.JCYJ20220818101003008)the support of High-Tech Industrialization Project of Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory(Grant No.RD2021010101)the“Double-First Class”Foundation of Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing Discipline of Xiamen University.L.Zhang and Q.Zhang acknowledge the support of the Nanqiang Young Top-notch Talent Fellowship at Xiamen University.
文摘Silicon(Si)-based solid-state batteries(Si-SSBs)are attracting tremendous attention because of their high energy density and unprecedented safety,making them become promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems.Nevertheless,the commercialization of Si-SSBs is significantly impeded by enormous challenges including large volume variation,severe interfacial problems,elusive fundamental mechanisms,and unsatisfied electrochemical performance.Besides,some unknown electrochemical processes in Si-based anode,solid-state electrolytes(SSEs),and Si-based anode/SSE interfaces are still needed to be explored,while an in-depth understanding of solid–solid interfacial chemistry is insufficient in Si-SSBs.This review aims to summarize the current scientific and technological advances and insights into tackling challenges to promote the deployment of Si-SSBs.First,the differences between various conventional liquid electrolyte-dominated Si-based lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with Si-SSBs are discussed.Subsequently,the interfacial mechanical contact model,chemical reaction properties,and charge transfer kinetics(mechanical–chemical kinetics)between Si-based anode and three different SSEs(inorganic(oxides)SSEs,organic–inorganic composite SSEs,and inorganic(sulfides)SSEs)are systemically reviewed,respectively.Moreover,the progress for promising inorganic(sulfides)SSE-based Si-SSBs on the aspects of electrode constitution,three-dimensional structured electrodes,and external stack pressure is highlighted,respectively.Finally,future research directions and prospects in the development of Si-SSBs are proposed.
基金This work was supported partially by project of the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(Nos.LAPS21004 and LAPS202114)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.E2022502022)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272200,51972110,52102245,and 52072121)the Beijing Science and Technology Project(No.Z211100004621010)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2222076 and 2222077)the Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project(No.HNKJ20-H88)the 2022 Strategic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Education,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2022MS030,2021MS028,2020MS023,and 2020MS028),and the NCEPU“Double First-Class”Program.
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)possess comprehensive advantages such as high flexibility,low interfacial resistance with the electrodes,excellent film-forming ability,and low price,however,their applications in solid-state batteries are mainly hindered by the insufficient ionic conductivity especially below the melting temperatures,etc.To improve the ion conduction capability and other properties,a variety of modification strategies have been exploited.In this review article,we scrutinize the structure characteristics and the ion transfer behaviors of the SPEs(and their composites)and then disclose the ion conduction mechanisms.The ion transport involves the ion hopping and the polymer segmental motion,and the improvement in the ionic conductivity is mainly attributed to the increase of the concentration and mobility of the charge carriers and the construction of fast-ion pathways.Furthermore,the recent advances on the modification strategies of the SPEs to enhance the ion conduction from copolymer structure design to lithium salt exploitation,additive engineering,and electrolyte micromorphology adjustion are summarized.This article intends to give a comprehensive,systemic,and profound understanding of the ion conduction and enhancement mechanisms of the SPEs for their viable applications in solid-state batteries with high safety and energy density.
文摘Single-.nanowire solar cells with a unique light-concentration property are expected to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit.The architecture of single nanowire is an important factor to regulate its optical performance.We designed a trilobal silicon nanowire(SiNW)with two cquivalent scales that possesses superior light-absorption efficiency in the whole wavelength range and shows good tolerance for incident angle.The electric field distribution in this geometry is concentrated in the blade with small equivalent scale and pivot with large equivalent scale,respectively,in the short wavelength range and long wavelength range.Corresponding good light absorption of trilobal SiNW in the two wavelength ranges leads to stronger total light absorption capacity than that of cylindrical SiNW.Trilobal single nanowire solar cells can obtain a short-circuit current density(JSC)of 647 mA·cm^2,which provides a new choice for designing single nanowire with excellent light-capture capability.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(No.2015AA034601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91333122,61204064,51202067,51372082,51402106,11504107)+1 种基金the Ph,D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(Nos.20120036120006,20130036110012)the Par-Eu Scholars Program,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Heterojunction and sandwich architectures are two new-type structures with great potential for solar cells.Specifically,the heterojunction structure possesses the advantages of efficient charge separation but suffers from band offset and large interface recombination;the sandwich configuration is favorable for transferring carriers but requires complex fabrication process.Here,we have designed two thin-film polycrystalline solar cells with novel structures：sandwich CIGS and heterojunction perovskite,referring to the advantages of the architectures of sandwich perovskite（standard）and heterojunction CIGS（standard）solar cells,respectively.A reliable simulation software wxAMPS is used to investigate their inherent characteristics with variation of the thickness and doping density of absorber layer.The results reveal that sandwich CIGS solar cell is able to exhibit an optimized efficiency of 20.7%,which is much higher than the standard heterojunction CIGS structure（18.48%）.The heterojunction perovskite solar cell can be more efficient employing thick and doped perovskite films（16.9%）than these typically utilizing thin and weak-doping/intrinsic perovskite films（9.6%）.This concept of structure modulation proves to be useful and can be applicable for other solar cells.
基金supported partially by project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52102203 and 51972110)Beijing Science and Technology Project(No.Z211100004621010)+4 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2222076)State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(No.LAPS202114)Huaneng Group Headquarters Science and Technology Project(No.HNKJ20-H88)2022 Strategic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Education,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024MS082)the NCEPU “Double First- Class” Program.
文摘Topochemical transformation has emerged as a promising method for fabricating two-dimensional (2D) materials with precise control over their composition and morphology. However, the large-scale synthesis of ultrathin 2D materials with controllable thickness remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, we adopt an efficient topochemical synthesis strategy, employing a confined reaction space to fabricate ultrathin 2D Sn_(4)P_(3) nanosheets in large-scale. By carefully adjusting the rolling number during the processing of Sn/Al foils, we have successfully fabricated Sn_(4)P_(3) nanosheets with varied layer thicknesses, achieving a remarkable minimum thickness of two layers (~ 2.2 nm). Remarkably, the bilayer Sn_(4)P_(3) nanosheets display an exceptional initial capacity of 1088 mAh·g^(−1), nearing the theoretical value of 1230 mAh·g^(−1). Furthermore, we reveal their high-rate property as well as outstanding cyclic stability, maintaining capacity without fading more than 3000 cycles. By precisely controlling the layer thickness and ensuring nanoscale uniformity, we enhance the lithium cycling performance of Sn_(4)P_(3), marking a significant advancement in developing high-performance energy storage systems.
