Background:Gastric Cancer(GC)is the 5th most prevalent and 4th most deadly neoplasm globally.Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in GC,potentially improving positive clinical outcomes while add...Background:Gastric Cancer(GC)is the 5th most prevalent and 4th most deadly neoplasm globally.Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in GC,potentially improving positive clinical outcomes while addressing the limitations of conventional therapies.GC immunotherapy modalities consist of adoptive cell therapy(ACT),cancer vaccines,and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI).Objectives:This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the advances in immune-based therapeutic approaches in GC,highlighting the potential of this therapy as a strategy for GC treatment.Methods:Key studies investigating several immunotherapeutic agents and combination therapies were searched in PUBMED and included in this study.Specific cancer outcomes related to disease progression or survival were analyzed.Results:After screening 236 studies,the results revealed that immunotherapy,particularly the ICI pembrolizumab,demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of GC,as several studies reported improved OS,PFS,and objective response rate with the use of pembrolizumab alone or in combination with other treatment modalities.Conclusion:Safety analysis showed that immunotherapy was mostly well-tolerated,with manageable adverse events and relatively good safety profiles.Nonetheless,further research is required to understand the mechanisms of tumor resistance better and identify predictive biomarkers that can direct treatment optimization.展开更多
<p> The concentrations and distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides <span><span><span><span>(</span><sup><span>238</span></sup><span>U, </s...<p> The concentrations and distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides <span><span><span><span>(</span><sup><span>238</span></sup><span>U, </span><sup><span>235</span></sup><span>U, </span><sup><span>234</span></sup><span>U, </span><sup><span>230</span></sup><span>Th, </span><sup><span>226</span></sup><span>Ra, </span><sup><span>210</span></sup><span>Pb, </span><sup><span>232</span></sup><span>Th, </span><sup><span>228</span></sup><span>Ra, and </span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>K)</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> were determined by alpha and gamma spectrometry in soil and sediments collected from Luilu and Dilala rivers located in the mining district of Kolwezi (Lualaba Province) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The average concentrations of </span><sup><span>238</span></sup><span>U and </span><sup><span>226</span></sup><span>Ra in the analyzed samples were 5</span></span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span>-</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span>10 times higher than the world average values for soil provided by the </span></span></span><span><span><span>United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. However,</span></span></span><span><span><span><span> the average concentrations of </span><sup><span>232</span></sup><span>Th were found similar to the world average. In both river basins, artisanal mining activities and</span></span></span></span><span><span><span> mineral washing sites displayed the higher concentration values of radionuclides. The mean values of health risk indices calculated for those sites were found sig</span></span></span><span><span><span>nificantly higher compared to world average levels. Radiation protection measures seem needed to ensure the radiation safety of local populations.</span></span></span> </p> <p> <span><span><span><br /> </span></span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>Graphical Abstract</strong></span> </p> <p> <span><span><span><img src="Edit_7a1bf87c-f0a0-4c34-80b2-7e488ac5e4a2.png" alt="" /><br /> </span></span></span> </p>展开更多
Although recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances have substantially improved the survival of patients with gastric cancer(GC), the overall prognosis is still poor. Surgery is the only curative treatment and should ...Although recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances have substantially improved the survival of patients with gastric cancer(GC), the overall prognosis is still poor. Surgery is the only curative treatment and should be performed in experienced centers. Due to high relapse following surgery, complementary and systemic treatment aimed at eradicating micrometastasis should be performed in most cases. Cytotoxic treatments are effective in downstaging locally advanced cancer, but different sensitivities and toxicities probably exist in different GC subtypes. Current treatment protocols are based primarily on clinical data and histological features, but molecular biomarkers that would allow for the prediction of treatment responses are urgently needed. Understanding how host factors are responsible for inter-individual variability of drug response or toxicity will also contribute to the development of more effective and less toxic treatments.展开更多
文摘Background:Gastric Cancer(GC)is the 5th most prevalent and 4th most deadly neoplasm globally.Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in GC,potentially improving positive clinical outcomes while addressing the limitations of conventional therapies.GC immunotherapy modalities consist of adoptive cell therapy(ACT),cancer vaccines,and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI).Objectives:This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the advances in immune-based therapeutic approaches in GC,highlighting the potential of this therapy as a strategy for GC treatment.Methods:Key studies investigating several immunotherapeutic agents and combination therapies were searched in PUBMED and included in this study.Specific cancer outcomes related to disease progression or survival were analyzed.Results:After screening 236 studies,the results revealed that immunotherapy,particularly the ICI pembrolizumab,demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of GC,as several studies reported improved OS,PFS,and objective response rate with the use of pembrolizumab alone or in combination with other treatment modalities.Conclusion:Safety analysis showed that immunotherapy was mostly well-tolerated,with manageable adverse events and relatively good safety profiles.Nonetheless,further research is required to understand the mechanisms of tumor resistance better and identify predictive biomarkers that can direct treatment optimization.
文摘<p> The concentrations and distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides <span><span><span><span>(</span><sup><span>238</span></sup><span>U, </span><sup><span>235</span></sup><span>U, </span><sup><span>234</span></sup><span>U, </span><sup><span>230</span></sup><span>Th, </span><sup><span>226</span></sup><span>Ra, </span><sup><span>210</span></sup><span>Pb, </span><sup><span>232</span></sup><span>Th, </span><sup><span>228</span></sup><span>Ra, and </span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>K)</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> were determined by alpha and gamma spectrometry in soil and sediments collected from Luilu and Dilala rivers located in the mining district of Kolwezi (Lualaba Province) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The average concentrations of </span><sup><span>238</span></sup><span>U and </span><sup><span>226</span></sup><span>Ra in the analyzed samples were 5</span></span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span>-</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span>10 times higher than the world average values for soil provided by the </span></span></span><span><span><span>United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. However,</span></span></span><span><span><span><span> the average concentrations of </span><sup><span>232</span></sup><span>Th were found similar to the world average. In both river basins, artisanal mining activities and</span></span></span></span><span><span><span> mineral washing sites displayed the higher concentration values of radionuclides. The mean values of health risk indices calculated for those sites were found sig</span></span></span><span><span><span>nificantly higher compared to world average levels. Radiation protection measures seem needed to ensure the radiation safety of local populations.</span></span></span> </p> <p> <span><span><span><br /> </span></span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>Graphical Abstract</strong></span> </p> <p> <span><span><span><img src="Edit_7a1bf87c-f0a0-4c34-80b2-7e488ac5e4a2.png" alt="" /><br /> </span></span></span> </p>
文摘Although recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances have substantially improved the survival of patients with gastric cancer(GC), the overall prognosis is still poor. Surgery is the only curative treatment and should be performed in experienced centers. Due to high relapse following surgery, complementary and systemic treatment aimed at eradicating micrometastasis should be performed in most cases. Cytotoxic treatments are effective in downstaging locally advanced cancer, but different sensitivities and toxicities probably exist in different GC subtypes. Current treatment protocols are based primarily on clinical data and histological features, but molecular biomarkers that would allow for the prediction of treatment responses are urgently needed. Understanding how host factors are responsible for inter-individual variability of drug response or toxicity will also contribute to the development of more effective and less toxic treatments.
