Since the main power source of hybrid electric vehicle（HEV） is supplied by the power battery,the predicted performance of power battery,especially the state-of-charge（SOC） estimation has attracted great attention ...Since the main power source of hybrid electric vehicle（HEV） is supplied by the power battery,the predicted performance of power battery,especially the state-of-charge（SOC） estimation has attracted great attention in the area of HEV.However,the value of SOC estimation could not be greatly precise so that the running performance of HEV is greatly affected.A variable structure extended kalman filter（VSEKF）-based estimation method,which could be used to analyze the SOC of lithium-ion battery in the fixed driving condition,is presented.First,the general lower-order battery equivalent circuit model（GLM）,which includes column accumulation model,open circuit voltage model and the SOC output model,is established,and the off-line and online model parameters are calculated with hybrid pulse power characteristics（HPPC） test data.Next,a VSEKF estimation method of SOC,which integrates the ampere-hour（Ah） integration method and the extended Kalman filter（EKF） method,is executed with different adaptive weighting coefficients,which are determined according to the different values of open-circuit voltage obtained in the corresponding charging or discharging processes.According to the experimental analysis,the faster convergence speed and more accurate simulating results could be obtained using the VSEKF method in the running performance of HEV.The error rate of SOC estimation with the VSEKF method is focused in the range of 5% to 10% comparing with the range of 20% to 30% using the EKF method and the Ah integration method.In Summary,the accuracy of the SOC estimation in the lithium-ion battery cell and the pack of lithium-ion battery system,which is obtained utilizing the VSEKF method has been significantly improved comparing with the Ah integration method and the EKF method.The VSEKF method utilizing in the SOC estimation in the lithium-ion pack of HEV can be widely used in practical driving conditions.展开更多
目的观察针药并用治疗卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍的临床疗效,并观察对24 h心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)指标的影响。方法将60例卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用对症药物治疗,...目的观察针药并用治疗卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍的临床疗效,并观察对24 h心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)指标的影响。方法将60例卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用对症药物治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上采用针刺治疗。观察两组治疗前后临床特征量表(clinical feature scale,CFS)评分、24 h HRV指标[窦性R-R间期标准差(standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals,SDNN)、窦性R-R间期平均值标准差(standard deviation of the average of normal-to-normal intervals,SDANN)、连续差值的均方根(root mean square of successive differences,RMSSD)、相邻两个窦性R-R间期差值>50 ms的个数所占的百分率(percentage of normal-to-normal intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds,PNN50)、低频(low frequency,LF)功率、高频(high frequency,HF)功率及LF/HF]的变化,并比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CFS评分均降低,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组SDNN、RMSSD、日间及夜间LF、HF水平较治疗前升高,且治疗组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SDANN、日间及夜间LF/HF、PNN50水平与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针药并用能够调节卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍患者的自主神经平衡,有利于患者自主神经功能的恢复。展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2013BAG14B01)
文摘Since the main power source of hybrid electric vehicle（HEV） is supplied by the power battery,the predicted performance of power battery,especially the state-of-charge（SOC） estimation has attracted great attention in the area of HEV.However,the value of SOC estimation could not be greatly precise so that the running performance of HEV is greatly affected.A variable structure extended kalman filter（VSEKF）-based estimation method,which could be used to analyze the SOC of lithium-ion battery in the fixed driving condition,is presented.First,the general lower-order battery equivalent circuit model（GLM）,which includes column accumulation model,open circuit voltage model and the SOC output model,is established,and the off-line and online model parameters are calculated with hybrid pulse power characteristics（HPPC） test data.Next,a VSEKF estimation method of SOC,which integrates the ampere-hour（Ah） integration method and the extended Kalman filter（EKF） method,is executed with different adaptive weighting coefficients,which are determined according to the different values of open-circuit voltage obtained in the corresponding charging or discharging processes.According to the experimental analysis,the faster convergence speed and more accurate simulating results could be obtained using the VSEKF method in the running performance of HEV.The error rate of SOC estimation with the VSEKF method is focused in the range of 5% to 10% comparing with the range of 20% to 30% using the EKF method and the Ah integration method.In Summary,the accuracy of the SOC estimation in the lithium-ion battery cell and the pack of lithium-ion battery system,which is obtained utilizing the VSEKF method has been significantly improved comparing with the Ah integration method and the EKF method.The VSEKF method utilizing in the SOC estimation in the lithium-ion pack of HEV can be widely used in practical driving conditions.
文摘目的观察针药并用治疗卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍的临床疗效,并观察对24 h心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)指标的影响。方法将60例卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用对症药物治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上采用针刺治疗。观察两组治疗前后临床特征量表(clinical feature scale,CFS)评分、24 h HRV指标[窦性R-R间期标准差(standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals,SDNN)、窦性R-R间期平均值标准差(standard deviation of the average of normal-to-normal intervals,SDANN)、连续差值的均方根(root mean square of successive differences,RMSSD)、相邻两个窦性R-R间期差值>50 ms的个数所占的百分率(percentage of normal-to-normal intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds,PNN50)、低频(low frequency,LF)功率、高频(high frequency,HF)功率及LF/HF]的变化,并比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CFS评分均降低,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组SDNN、RMSSD、日间及夜间LF、HF水平较治疗前升高,且治疗组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SDANN、日间及夜间LF/HF、PNN50水平与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针药并用能够调节卒中恢复期自主神经功能障碍患者的自主神经平衡,有利于患者自主神经功能的恢复。
