[Objective]Leaf diseases significantly affect both the yield and quality of tea throughout the year.To address the issue of inadequate segmentation finesse in the current tea spot segmentation models,a novel diagnosis...[Objective]Leaf diseases significantly affect both the yield and quality of tea throughout the year.To address the issue of inadequate segmentation finesse in the current tea spot segmentation models,a novel diagnosis of the severity of tea spots was proposed in this research,designated as MDC-U-Net3+,to enhance segmentation accuracy on the base framework of U-Net3+.[Methods]Multi-scale feature fusion module(MSFFM)was incorporated into the backbone network of U-Net3+to obtain feature information across multiple receptive fields of diseased spots,thereby reducing the loss of features within the encoder.Dual multi-scale attention(DMSA)was incorporated into the skip connection process to mitigate the segmentation boundary ambiguity issue.This integration facilitates the comprehensive fusion of fine-grained and coarse-grained semantic information at full scale.Furthermore,the segmented mask image was subjected to conditional random fields(CRF)to enhance the optimization of the segmentation results[Results and Discussions]The improved model MDC-U-Net3+achieved a mean pixel accuracy(mPA)of 94.92%,accompanied by a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)ratio of 90.9%.When compared to the mPA and mIoU of U-Net3+,MDC-U-Net3+model showed improvements of 1.85 and 2.12 percentage points,respectively.These results illustrated a more effective segmentation performance than that achieved by other classical semantic segmentation models.[Conclusions]The methodology presented herein could provide data support for automated disease detection and precise medication,consequently reducing the losses associated with tea diseases.展开更多
目的评价符合入排条件的接受EFV+3TC+TDF方案的HIV-1感染者转换为艾诺米替(艾诺韦林/拉米夫定/替诺福韦,ANV/3TC/TDF)治疗144周,以及EFV+3TC+TDF转换艾考恩丙替(艾维雷韦/考比司他/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦,EVG/c/FTC/TAF)治疗48周后,继...目的评价符合入排条件的接受EFV+3TC+TDF方案的HIV-1感染者转换为艾诺米替(艾诺韦林/拉米夫定/替诺福韦,ANV/3TC/TDF)治疗144周,以及EFV+3TC+TDF转换艾考恩丙替(艾维雷韦/考比司他/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦,EVG/c/FTC/TAF)治疗48周后,继续转换为ANV/3TC/TDF治疗至144周的有效性和代谢安全性。方法本研究为SPRINT(Switching people with HIV to receive innovative NNRTI-based therapy)研究的拓展性用药研究,将研究对象分为即刻转换组(指ANV/3TC/TDF自基线治疗至第144周)和延迟转换组(指EVG/c/FTC/TAF自基线治疗48周后,转换为ANV/3TC/TDF治疗至第144周)。研究的有效性终点为治疗144周时HIV-1病毒得到抑制的研究对象百分比,代谢安全性结局包括低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险相关LDL-C分层,估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)用于评估肾功能安全性。结果研究共纳入731例研究对象,其中即刻转换组370例,延迟转换组361例。治疗144周时,即刻转换组与延迟转换组的研究对象病毒学抑制百分比分别为95.3%与95%,两组的CD4细胞计数自48周到144周分别上升(70.9±8.7)与(64.4±9.7)个/μL。延迟转换组的LDL-C值由于经历了0到48周上升过程,在48到144周时的降幅显著大于即刻转换组(-0.44±0.03 vs.-0.06±0.03 mmol/L,P<0.001),两组LDL-C高风险分层百分比自基线到144周分别下降60.0%和78.1%。治疗144周时两组eGFR值分别为(109.1±20.4)mL/min/1.73 m^(2)与(106.3±13.9)mL/min/1.73 m^(2),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论EFV为核心的cART方案以及含TAF的整合酶抑制剂(INSTIs)方案转换为ANV/3TC/TDF均可实现持续病毒学抑制,同时持续改善LDL-C水平及ASCVD风险分层。由含TAF的INSTIs方案转换为ANV/3TC/TDF方案后,可显著降低LDL-C异常的研究对象比例。展开更多
文摘[Objective]Leaf diseases significantly affect both the yield and quality of tea throughout the year.To address the issue of inadequate segmentation finesse in the current tea spot segmentation models,a novel diagnosis of the severity of tea spots was proposed in this research,designated as MDC-U-Net3+,to enhance segmentation accuracy on the base framework of U-Net3+.[Methods]Multi-scale feature fusion module(MSFFM)was incorporated into the backbone network of U-Net3+to obtain feature information across multiple receptive fields of diseased spots,thereby reducing the loss of features within the encoder.Dual multi-scale attention(DMSA)was incorporated into the skip connection process to mitigate the segmentation boundary ambiguity issue.This integration facilitates the comprehensive fusion of fine-grained and coarse-grained semantic information at full scale.Furthermore,the segmented mask image was subjected to conditional random fields(CRF)to enhance the optimization of the segmentation results[Results and Discussions]The improved model MDC-U-Net3+achieved a mean pixel accuracy(mPA)of 94.92%,accompanied by a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)ratio of 90.9%.When compared to the mPA and mIoU of U-Net3+,MDC-U-Net3+model showed improvements of 1.85 and 2.12 percentage points,respectively.These results illustrated a more effective segmentation performance than that achieved by other classical semantic segmentation models.[Conclusions]The methodology presented herein could provide data support for automated disease detection and precise medication,consequently reducing the losses associated with tea diseases.
文摘目的评价符合入排条件的接受EFV+3TC+TDF方案的HIV-1感染者转换为艾诺米替(艾诺韦林/拉米夫定/替诺福韦,ANV/3TC/TDF)治疗144周,以及EFV+3TC+TDF转换艾考恩丙替(艾维雷韦/考比司他/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦,EVG/c/FTC/TAF)治疗48周后,继续转换为ANV/3TC/TDF治疗至144周的有效性和代谢安全性。方法本研究为SPRINT(Switching people with HIV to receive innovative NNRTI-based therapy)研究的拓展性用药研究,将研究对象分为即刻转换组(指ANV/3TC/TDF自基线治疗至第144周)和延迟转换组(指EVG/c/FTC/TAF自基线治疗48周后,转换为ANV/3TC/TDF治疗至第144周)。研究的有效性终点为治疗144周时HIV-1病毒得到抑制的研究对象百分比,代谢安全性结局包括低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险相关LDL-C分层,估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)用于评估肾功能安全性。结果研究共纳入731例研究对象,其中即刻转换组370例,延迟转换组361例。治疗144周时,即刻转换组与延迟转换组的研究对象病毒学抑制百分比分别为95.3%与95%,两组的CD4细胞计数自48周到144周分别上升(70.9±8.7)与(64.4±9.7)个/μL。延迟转换组的LDL-C值由于经历了0到48周上升过程,在48到144周时的降幅显著大于即刻转换组(-0.44±0.03 vs.-0.06±0.03 mmol/L,P<0.001),两组LDL-C高风险分层百分比自基线到144周分别下降60.0%和78.1%。治疗144周时两组eGFR值分别为(109.1±20.4)mL/min/1.73 m^(2)与(106.3±13.9)mL/min/1.73 m^(2),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论EFV为核心的cART方案以及含TAF的整合酶抑制剂(INSTIs)方案转换为ANV/3TC/TDF均可实现持续病毒学抑制,同时持续改善LDL-C水平及ASCVD风险分层。由含TAF的INSTIs方案转换为ANV/3TC/TDF方案后,可显著降低LDL-C异常的研究对象比例。
