Wireless networks with no infrastructure arise as a result of multiple wireless devices working together.The Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is a system for connecting independently located Mobile Nodes(MNs)via wireless l...Wireless networks with no infrastructure arise as a result of multiple wireless devices working together.The Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is a system for connecting independently located Mobile Nodes(MNs)via wireless links.A MANET is self-configuring in telecommunications,while MN produces non-infrastructure networks that are entirely decentralized.Both the MAC and routing layers of MANETs take into account issues related to Quality of Service(QoS).When culling a line of optical discernment communication,MANET can be an effective and cost-saving route cull option.To maintain QoS,however,more or fewer challenges must be overcome.This paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic Control(FLC)methodology for specifying a probabilistic QoS guaranteed for MANETs.The framework uses network node mobility to establish the probabil-istic quality of service.Fuzzy Logic(FL)implementations were added to Network Simulator-3(NS-3)and used with the proposed FLC framework for simulation.Researchers have found that for a given node’s mobility,the path’s bandwidth decreases with time,hop count,and radius.It is resolutely based on this fuzzy rule that the priority index for a packet is determined.Also,by avoiding sending pack-ets(PKT)out of source networks when there are no beneficial routes,bandwidth is not wasted.The FLC outperforms the scheduling methods with a wide range of results.To improve QoS within MANETs,it is therefore recommended that FLC is used to synchronize packets.Thus,using these performance metrics,the QoS-responsible routing can opt for more stable paths.Based on network simulation,it is evident that incorporating QoS into routing protocols is meant to improve traf-fic performance,in particular authentic-time traffic.展开更多
A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)is a self-configuring network that is not reliant on infrastructure.This paper introduces a new multipath routing method based on the Multi-Hop Routing(MHR)technique.MHR is the consecutiv...A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)is a self-configuring network that is not reliant on infrastructure.This paper introduces a new multipath routing method based on the Multi-Hop Routing(MHR)technique.MHR is the consecutive selection of suitable relay nodes to send information across nodes that are not within direct range of each other.Failing to ensure good MHR leads to several negative consequences,ultimately causing unsuccessful data transmission in a MANET.This research work consists of three portions.The first to attempt to propose an efficient MHR protocol is the design of Priority Based Dynamic Routing(PBDR)to adapt to the dynamic MANET environment by reducing Node Link Failures(NLF)in the network.This is achieved by dynamically considering a node’s mobility parameters like relative velocity and link duration,which enable the next-hop selection.This method works more efficiently than the traditional protocols.Then the second stage is the Improved Multi-Path Dynamic Routing(IMPDR).The enhancement is mainly focused on further improving the Quality of Service(QoS)in MANETs by introducing a QoS timer at every node to help in the QoS routing of MANETs.Since QoS is the most vital metric that assesses a protocol,its dynamic estimation has improved network performance considerably.This method uses distance,linkability,trust,and QoS as the four parameters for the next-hop selection.IMPDR is compared against traditional routing protocols.The Network Simulator-2(NS2)is used to conduct a simulation analysis of the protocols under consideration.The proposed tests are assessed for the Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Packet Loss Rate(PLR),End-to-End Delay(EED),and Network Throughput(NT).展开更多
文摘Wireless networks with no infrastructure arise as a result of multiple wireless devices working together.The Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is a system for connecting independently located Mobile Nodes(MNs)via wireless links.A MANET is self-configuring in telecommunications,while MN produces non-infrastructure networks that are entirely decentralized.Both the MAC and routing layers of MANETs take into account issues related to Quality of Service(QoS).When culling a line of optical discernment communication,MANET can be an effective and cost-saving route cull option.To maintain QoS,however,more or fewer challenges must be overcome.This paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic Control(FLC)methodology for specifying a probabilistic QoS guaranteed for MANETs.The framework uses network node mobility to establish the probabil-istic quality of service.Fuzzy Logic(FL)implementations were added to Network Simulator-3(NS-3)and used with the proposed FLC framework for simulation.Researchers have found that for a given node’s mobility,the path’s bandwidth decreases with time,hop count,and radius.It is resolutely based on this fuzzy rule that the priority index for a packet is determined.Also,by avoiding sending pack-ets(PKT)out of source networks when there are no beneficial routes,bandwidth is not wasted.The FLC outperforms the scheduling methods with a wide range of results.To improve QoS within MANETs,it is therefore recommended that FLC is used to synchronize packets.Thus,using these performance metrics,the QoS-responsible routing can opt for more stable paths.Based on network simulation,it is evident that incorporating QoS into routing protocols is meant to improve traf-fic performance,in particular authentic-time traffic.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R195),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)is a self-configuring network that is not reliant on infrastructure.This paper introduces a new multipath routing method based on the Multi-Hop Routing(MHR)technique.MHR is the consecutive selection of suitable relay nodes to send information across nodes that are not within direct range of each other.Failing to ensure good MHR leads to several negative consequences,ultimately causing unsuccessful data transmission in a MANET.This research work consists of three portions.The first to attempt to propose an efficient MHR protocol is the design of Priority Based Dynamic Routing(PBDR)to adapt to the dynamic MANET environment by reducing Node Link Failures(NLF)in the network.This is achieved by dynamically considering a node’s mobility parameters like relative velocity and link duration,which enable the next-hop selection.This method works more efficiently than the traditional protocols.Then the second stage is the Improved Multi-Path Dynamic Routing(IMPDR).The enhancement is mainly focused on further improving the Quality of Service(QoS)in MANETs by introducing a QoS timer at every node to help in the QoS routing of MANETs.Since QoS is the most vital metric that assesses a protocol,its dynamic estimation has improved network performance considerably.This method uses distance,linkability,trust,and QoS as the four parameters for the next-hop selection.IMPDR is compared against traditional routing protocols.The Network Simulator-2(NS2)is used to conduct a simulation analysis of the protocols under consideration.The proposed tests are assessed for the Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Packet Loss Rate(PLR),End-to-End Delay(EED),and Network Throughput(NT).
