The understanding and reduction of turbulent transport in magneticconfinement devices is not only an academic task, but also the matter of practical interest, sincehigh confinement is chosen as the regime for ITER and...The understanding and reduction of turbulent transport in magneticconfinement devices is not only an academic task, but also the matter of practical interest, sincehigh confinement is chosen as the regime for ITER and possible future reactors it reduces both thesize and the cost. Since the pioneering work on CCT a lot of work has been devoted to the effect ofelectric field biasing carried out on many tokamaks, which in general leads to a strongly varyingradial electric fields as a function of radius and a resulting sheared E x B flow, giving rise toimproved confinement properties. The issue of plasma flows is utterly fundamental for understandingof tokamaks aimed at the achievement of fusion energy. This appears in the well known neoclassicaltheory as the most accomplished and self-consistent basis for understanding of fusion plasmas. Itpertains to the novel concept of 'zonal flows' emerging from the recent development of gyro-kinetictransport codes. The poloidal and toroidal flows are also crucial for the concept of the electricfield shear suppression of plasma turbulence in tokamaks. Yet, this timely and topical issue hasremained largely unaddressed experimentally because of great difficulties of measuring flows inplasmas. Recently, the team of scientists from all over the world developed innovative configurationof probes yielding the flow velocity locally. This timely and topical diagnostics has beensuccessfully applied on many tokamaks ranging from the huge JET through medium TEXTOR to a smallCASTOR due to the excellent collaboration and coordination between research teams. Results causedlarge interest of fusion community born out by numerous invited talks delivered at the majorinternational meetings.展开更多
文摘The understanding and reduction of turbulent transport in magneticconfinement devices is not only an academic task, but also the matter of practical interest, sincehigh confinement is chosen as the regime for ITER and possible future reactors it reduces both thesize and the cost. Since the pioneering work on CCT a lot of work has been devoted to the effect ofelectric field biasing carried out on many tokamaks, which in general leads to a strongly varyingradial electric fields as a function of radius and a resulting sheared E x B flow, giving rise toimproved confinement properties. The issue of plasma flows is utterly fundamental for understandingof tokamaks aimed at the achievement of fusion energy. This appears in the well known neoclassicaltheory as the most accomplished and self-consistent basis for understanding of fusion plasmas. Itpertains to the novel concept of 'zonal flows' emerging from the recent development of gyro-kinetictransport codes. The poloidal and toroidal flows are also crucial for the concept of the electricfield shear suppression of plasma turbulence in tokamaks. Yet, this timely and topical issue hasremained largely unaddressed experimentally because of great difficulties of measuring flows inplasmas. Recently, the team of scientists from all over the world developed innovative configurationof probes yielding the flow velocity locally. This timely and topical diagnostics has beensuccessfully applied on many tokamaks ranging from the huge JET through medium TEXTOR to a smallCASTOR due to the excellent collaboration and coordination between research teams. Results causedlarge interest of fusion community born out by numerous invited talks delivered at the majorinternational meetings.
